The Anatomy of Tekokak (Solanum torvum Sw.) is a plant that grows wild in the forest and its fruit is used as a vegetable. This study aims to complete the study of the anatomical structure of tekokak and identify typical microscopic characteristics that can be used as specific markers. This research is important in order to contribute to the scientific documentation of local plant taxonomy and support the utilization of plants in the fields of pharmacy, conservation, and as an a reference for botanical education in Biology. The research data were analyzed using a qualitative descriptive method by comparing the characteristics of the samples found with references. The results of this study include image data and qualitative descriptive data obtained from the anatomy of the roots, stems and leaves of Solanum torvum Sw The root of S. torvum Sw. consists of the epidermis, exodermis, a cortex layer made up of cortex parenchyma, endodermis with Casparian strips, a pericycle or pericambium layer, special medullary ray structures, and vascular tissues, xylem, and phloem. The stem part is composed of an epidermis with star-shaped non-glandular trichomes, lamellar collenchyma, cortex, endodermis layer, pericycle, vascular tissue comprising xylem and phloem, and pith. The anatomical difference between unbranched and branched stems lies in the arrangement of the vascular bundles, the thickness of the supportive tissue, and the complexity of the vascular tissue, indicating structural adaptations to the position and function of the stem. On the stem found scalariform trachea, annular trachea, reticulate trachea, thickened reticulate trachea, tracheid, fiber tracheid and libriform fiber. The leaf cross-section shows adaxial epidermis with cuboid-shaped cells and anisocytic stomata, palisade parenchyma, spongy parenchyma, abaxial epidermis with anomocytic stomata, and non-glandular star-shaped trichomes.

This study aims to identify the proportions and types of visual representations in Grade XI Biology textbooks, specifically on the topic of the Human Locomotion System. Visual content in Biology textbooks plays a crucial role in facilitating students’ understanding of biological concepts; however, previous studies have shown that such content remains limited in depth and rarely connects biological material to real-life contexts. The objective of this research was to examine the functions and forms of visual representations in selected textbooks, and to evaluate their alignment with principles of effective visual representation. Employing a qualitative content analysis approach, four textbooks were analyzed using a classification framework that classified the visual representations by their function (decorative, illustrative, explanatory, complementary) and by their form (e.g. illustrations, diagrams, tables, maps). The results revealed that visual representations were predominantly illustrative in both function and form across all Biology textbook samples. Among the samples, the YT textbook demonstrated the highest quantity and diversity of visual content, while KM had the fewest. These findings suggest that the textbooks have not fully adhered to the principles of effective visual representation, which may limiting students’ understanding of complex biological concepts. It is recommended that future editions increase both the quantity and variation of visual content to enhance pedagogical effectiveness and promote deeper learning.

This study aims to examine the limitations of human resources (HR) in school laboratories and their impact on the implementation of biology practicum activities at the senior high school level. A descriptive qualitative method was employed in Kotagede District, Yogyakarta, using purposive sampling to select two schools with active biology laboratories. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with laboratory personnel and biology teachers to explore the availability, involvement, and roles of laboratory staff in supporting practicum activities. The findings revealed significant differences between the two schools. School A had a complete laboratory staff, including a head of the laboratory and a laboratory assistant, which allowed practicum activities to be conducted in a structured and systematic manner, effectively supporting students' conceptual understanding and scientific understanding. supporting students' conceptual understanding and scientific skills. In contrast, School B lacked laboratory personnel, resulting in all practicum responsibilities being assigned to the biology teacher, which led to suboptimal implementation and limited student learning experiences. Therefore, efforts to increase the availability and competence of laboratory personnel in accordance with national standards are necessary. The presence of professional laboratory staff plays a crucial role in creating effective, meaningful, and skill-oriented biology learning through practicum-based approaches.

Antibiotic resistance is a growing threat to public health, particularly with hospital-acquired infections caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae. The limited treatment options for these infections are further complicated by the emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains due to the overuse of antibiotics. This study investigates the potential of Monoterpene Indole Alkaloids (MIAs) derived from six genera within the Apocynaceae family as inhibitors of the beta-lactamase enzyme (bla-SHV-1), which plays a key role in antibiotic resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae. Using the PyRx program for molecular docking, we assessed the binding affinity and interaction profiles of various MIAs with bla-SHV-1. Our results identified Paucidisine, (-)-19-Oxoisoeburnamine, and Paucidactine A as the most promising candidates, based on their interaction energies and binding modes. Detailed analysis of ligand-protein interactions, including hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions, revealed that these MIAs exhibit higher binding affinity and structural similarity to the native ligand bla-SHV-1. While these findings are promising, it is important to note that they are based on in silico models. Further in vitro and in vivo studies are required to validate the efficacy and safety of these MIAs as potential therapeutic agents. This research marks a significant step towards developing alternative treatment options for antibiotic-resistant Klebsiella infections, potentially improving patient outcomes and addressing the global challenge of antibiotic resistance. In conclusion, our study offers novel insights into the potential use of MIAs as inhibitors of bla-SHV-1, contributing to the ongoing efforts to combat antibiotic resistance. Future research should focus on validating these in silico results through rigorous experimental and clinical studies, considering the ethical implications of introducing new treatments.

There are still many science learning practices that focus on memorization and do not relate the subject matter to real life or the local cultural context of students. Science is often perceived as a difficult and boring subject because it relies heavily on technical terms and abstract material. This study aims to explore the potential implementation of ethnoscience oriented learning in biotechnology material at the junior high school level. Data were collected through interviews with 11 science teachers from Sub Rayon 05 of Grobogan Regency and classroom observations involving 3 peer teachers at SMP Negeri 1 Ngaringan. The interview was conducted using a Google Form-based questionnaire, while observation data were obtained through direct observation using a structured observation sheet. The results showed that teachers had a good understanding of ethnoscience (78.7%), and the potential for implementation was considered very high (84%). However, curriculum development remained the lowest aspect observed (67%). These findings indicate that while the conceptual understanding and enthusiasm of teachers toward ethnoscience are strong, effective implementation requires systemic support, training, and curricular alignment.

Macaca fascicularis merupakan salah satu jenis primata penghuni hutan yang memiliki arti penting bagi kehidupan di alam. Pemeliharaan Macaca fascicularis secara eks situ dalam kandang individu sering kali memicu perilaku abnormal pada Macaca fascicularis. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan pengayaan lingkungan untuk meminimalisir perilaku abnormal tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi efektivitas program pengayaan ekologi dalam menurunkan perilaku abnormal pada Macaca fascicularis. Pengamatan perilaku dilakukan terhadap 4 ekor Macaca fascicularis yang berperilaku abnormal dengan jumlah jantan 3 ekor dan betina 1 ekor menggunakan metode focal animal sampling. Pengamatan perilaku dimulai tanpa pengayaan, kemudian diberikan perlakuan pengayaan berupa puzzle ball, dan feeding tube yang berisi wortel dan kacang panjang. Setiap pengamatan dilakukan selama 2 minggu, dengan frekuensi pengamatan sebanyak 2 kali sehari selama 30 menit. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perilaku dominan Macaca fascicularis sebelum diberikan pengayaan, menunjukkan perilaku abnormal, istirahat, dan agonistik. Perilaku setelah diberikan pengayaan puzzle ball dan feeding tube yaitu mencari makan, makan, dan perilaku abnormal. Efektivitas kedua pengayaan tersebut dibuktikan dengan uji repeated measure ANOVA yang memiliki hasil (Sig. 0,007 < 0,05). Artinya terdapat perbedaan rata-rata yang signifikan dalam mengurangi perilaku abnormal pada Macaca fascicularis. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, pengayaan lingkungan dapat membantu mengurangi perilaku abnormal dan meningkatkan kesejahteraan Macaca fascicularis di penangkaran.

The Merdeka Curriculum is designed to transform education by enhancing student engagement and preparing learners to face the complexities of the modern era. However, observations at SMA Negeri 9 revealed that students still struggle to connect information from various sources and show low participation in class discussions. This study aimed to examine the effect of the Student Facilitator and Explaining (SFE) model integrated with Socio-Scientific Issues (SSI) on students’ analytical thinking in biology learning. The research used a quasi-experimental method with a non-randomized control group pretest-posttest design. Samples were selected using purposive sampling, consisting of an experimental class applying the SFE-SSI model and a control class using Problem-Based Learning (PBL). Data were collected through essay tests and observation sheets, and then analyzed using One-Way ANCOVA. The results showed a significant effect of the learning model on analytical thinking [F(1,69) = 12.245, p < 0.001, ηp² = 0.151]. It is concluded that the SFE model integrated with SSI effectively enhances students’ analytical thinking in biology learning.

E-flipbook media is one of the audio-visual media presented in HTML format. It can be presented by using the online application service, Heyzine. The e-flipbook presents the results of the antibacterial test of thorny bajakah stem extract (Caesalpinia sumatrana Roxb.) against Salmonella typhi and its related to the kingdom monera sub-material in the tenth grade senior high school. The research was conducted as descriptive quantitative with the presentation of data from the analysis of media feasibility. The data of media feasibility was collected in the form of a validation sheet conducted by 5 validators using a Likert scale with 5 aspects of validation, namely format, content, language, practicality, and effectiveness of the media. The feasibility test results show an average Aiken’s V value of 0.88 valid category with an ICC value of 0.863 very good category. Based on the results of this research, it can be concluded that e-flipbook is suitable for use as a learning media in schools.

In response to global environmental challenges such as climate change, pollution, and resource depletion, this study aimed to develop and evaluate Education for Sustainable Development (ESD)–oriented science learning materials on the human digestive system to enhance students’ sustainability awareness. Employing a Research and Development (R&D) approach and the ADDIE model, the instructional materials were implemented in a quasi‑experimental design with two eighth‑grade groups at SMP Negeri 2 Tulis during the 2024/2025 odd semester. Sustainability awareness was measured using a 26‑item questionnaire administered as a pretest and posttest. The experimental group, which received the ESD‑oriented intervention, demonstrated a mean pretest score of 70.55 and a posttest score of 92.06 (mean N‑Gain = 0.63). The experimental group showed significantly higher gains in both sustainability awareness—especially in emotional engagement—compared to the control group. These outcomes suggest that integrating ESD into science learning not only improves conceptual understanding but also shaping environmentally responsible and reflective students.

Indonesia is a country with diverse tribes, cultures, and customs in each region. The Rajabiyah Tradition is a local culture of the Prawoto Village community in Pati Regency, the implementation of which is related to the use of surrounding plants, both for traditional rituals and religious rituals. This study aims to determine the ethnobotanical profile of the Rajabiyah Tradition which includes the istighosah procession, grave pilgrimage, buka luwur, washing of grave banners, luwur procession and cultural procession, and tabligh akbar. This study is a combined study, namely ethnographic research with a qualitative descriptive and quantitative descriptive research approach. Samples were taken using snowball sampling and purposive sampling techniques. Data collection was carried out through semi-structured interviews. Interviews were conducted with 30 informants who were 1 village official, 1 traditional leader, 1 grave caretaker, and 1 community leader and 26 residents of Prawoto Village. The results of the study obtained 49 types of plants used in each Rajabiyah Tradition procession which were grouped into 26 diversities of order levels. The most widely used order is the Zingiberales order and the most widely used part of the plant is the fruit. Each plant used has a different aspect of meaning which is the good hope of the people of Prawoto Village.