The research aimed to look at the effect of induction. The effect of administering ethanol extract of gaharu leaves (Aquilaria malaccensis Lamk) on the histopathological picture of the lungs of white mice (Mus musculus) induced by carbamate class insecticides. The method used was truly experimental, carbamate induction via the intramuscular route with a dose of 14.4 Mg/BW and agarwood extract administered via the oral route with doses of 100, 200, and 300 Mg/BW, the duration of each treatment was 15 days. After treatment, preparations were made of the lungs using the paraffin block staining method with hematoxylin-eosin, the thickness of the alveolar septa and the presence of alveolar macrophages were measured. The results of the research showed that there was a thickening of the alveolar septa after induction of carbamate insecticide at a dose of 14.4 mg/BW with an average thickness of 21.62 µm compared to the healthy control group of 12.61, in addition to an increase in the percentage of neutrophils of 48.66 compared to the healthy controls of 23.33 which was caused by inflammation in the mice's bodies. , a decrease in the thickness of alveolar septa was caused by the administration of ethanol extract of agarwood leaves at a dose of 100/200/300 mg/BW with an average thickness of 15.18, 13.73, 15.57 µm compared to the negative control of 21.62 µm. Thus, it can be concluded that there is an influence of agarwood leaf extract on lung histopathology -lungs of mice induced with carbamate class insecticides.

The people of Central Rote sub-district, namely in Lidabesi village, Lidamanu village, and Limakoli village, still use plants as a traditional medicine because they are easily accessible in terms of price and availability and do not require expensive costs to obtain so plants as traditional medicine are a priority alternative treatment. This research aims to find out what types and uses of plants are used as medicinal plants in Rote Tengah District, Rote Ndao Regency. This research was conducted in October-December 2023. The method used in this research was the exploration and interview method, while the data collection technique was carried out by exploratory interviews. Work procedures include a preparation stage consisting of observation and determining the location and implementation stages. The data analysis technique uses qualitative descriptive analysis which is used to describe the types of medicinal plants that have been identified by describing them in the form of tables and pictures from the results of respondent interviews. Based on the research results, 33 types of plants with medicinal properties were obtained which were used by the community. Diseases that can be cured include fever, cough, colds, stomach ulcers, white blood, stomach ache, high blood pressure, diarrhea, urinary stones, sugar, shortness of breath, cancer, headaches, asthma, urinary tract infections, heart disease, new wounds, broken bones, chicken pox, toothache, body itching, body odor, yellow eyes, boils, bleeding and difficulty giving birth. The plant organs used are roots, stems, bark, leaves, shoots, fruit, seeds, and tubers. Processing is done by boiling, soaking, chewing, burning, pounding, sticking, and using straight away.

The application of the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) model in biology learning is relevant to the goals of 21st-century learning. The concept of Coordinating Systems in Humans must be known and understood by everyone, especially students. This study aims to describe the effect of applying the PBL model to the learning of the Coordinating System concept on the learning outcomes of students in class XI MIPA at Senior hight school 4 Banjarmasin. This study used a quasi-experimental method with the nonequivalent control group research design. The research sample was class XI MIPA 2 as the experimental class and class XI MIPA 4 as the control class for 2 meetings. The research data were obtained from the results of the pretest and posttest, LKPD. Data analysis used the Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test at α = 0.05. The results showed (1) the application of the PBL learning model to learning the Coordination System concept in Humans had a significant effect on the learning outcomes of class XI MIPA 4 SMAN 4 Banjarmasin (2) Cognitive learning outcomes were in a good category (3) Affective learning outcomes of character behavior and social behavior are included in the good to very good category (4) psychomotor learning outcomes are good to very good category.

Cosmos Caudatus Kunth. is one of the most commonly found medicinal plants. Cosmos leaves contain phytochemical compounds such as terpenoids, fatty acids, flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, and saponins. This study aims to determine the effect of differences in methanol, ethanol, and ethyl acetate solvents on the phytochemical tests of Cosmos leaf samples. The study was conducted in the Biology Education Laboratory, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Mulawarman University, as well as the Organic Chemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Mulawarman University. Qualitative phytochemical screening is conducted by assessing the solubility qualities of the substances. The findings from the examination of secondary metabolic chemicals indicate that the methanol extract derived from Cosmos leaves comprises alkaloids, triterpenoids, flavonoids, phenolics, and quinones. While the ethanol extract of Cosmos leaves contains alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, phenolics, and quinones. There is an ethyl acetate extract of Cosmos leaves, alkaloids, steroids, flavonoids, phenolics, and quinones.

Research to describe the prevalence of Pteridophyta species in the Kakaha Forest of Praiwitu Village, East Sumba, and to explain how Pteridophyta species are used as subjects of biological instruction in the form of textbooks. The data collection technique was carried out using a purposive sampling method, namely by making transect lines in several locations representing Ptedirophyta plants in the Kakaha Forest, Praiwitu Village. Data from this study will be analyzed descriptively, and samples will be identified based on morphological characteristics to match their characteristics with an index to help their knowledge of diversity. Based on the results of the data analysis and discussion that has been described, it can be concluded as follows: The results of the identification of ferns found in the Kakaha Forest are 17 species of ferns consisting of 4 classes, namely class filicinae 4 Order, flicopsida 1 Order, pteridopsida 3 Order, and lycopodiopsida class 1 Order, 9 families, and 13 genera. The results of the calculation of Pteridophyta plants in the Kakaha Forest from the observation of the ecological index are the value of the density totaling 127.4 individuals, the relative density is 1000 individuals, the dominance index is 0.068371 individuals in the low category, and the diversity index value is 3.279 individuals in the medium category.

From the results of interviews with teachers at the IT Baitul Qur'an junior high school, information was obtained that in carrying out learning, teachers used textbooks and worksheets to convey the sub-material of additives. However, these teaching materials have several shortcomings, such as material that is difficult to understand, explanations that are incomplete, and do not display information or examples on the material being explained. This research aims to produce a pocket book media based on the ethnobotany of the Malay tribe of West Kalimantan on the sub-material of additives for class VIII junior high school. The research method used is Research and Development (R&D), with the Alessi and Trolip development model. This research stage has three stages, namely planning, design and development. The results of the research show that the pocket book media based on the ethnobotany of the West Kalimantan Malay tribe that was developed obtained a feasibility score on the media aspect of 92.50% (very valid), the material aspect of 91.67% (very valid), and the linguistic aspect of 90.48 % (very valid). Meanwhile, the results of students' responses to the pocket book based on ethnobotany of the Malay tribe of West Kalimantan obtained a score of 90.14% with very strong criteria. Therefore, it can be concluded that the ethnobotany-based pocket book media that was developed is very suitable for use and received a positive response from students.

Self-efficacy is a psychological factor that can influence how well a person learns. Students' confidence in their abilities is proven to have a significant influence on learning outcomes. This research aims to describe students' self-efficacy profiles based on biology learning processes and outcomes. This research is descriptive research with a quantitative approach. The instruments used in data collection were questionnaires, observation sheets, and documentation. The population in this study were all students of class XI Science at SMA Negeri 21 Medan with a sampling technique using a total sampling method, totaling 143 students. The results of the research show that class category with a percentage of 67.1%, but biology learning outcomes are still in the poor category with an average score of 54.5. This shows that self-efficacy is only one of many factors that can influence student learning outcomes

This research is classroom action research which is motivated by the low learning outcomes of students in the learning process in class. What influences low student learning outcomes is the lack of student activity in the learning process. Plus the learning process uses a monotonous lecture method. This research aims to find out whether applying the RMS (Reading, Mind Mapping, and Sharing) learning model to the Human Excretory System material can improve the learning outcomes of class XI MIPA 5 UPT SMAN 3 Wajo students. The subjects of this research were all students of class XI MIPA 5 UPT SMAN 3 Wajo for the 2022/2023 academic year, totaling 31 students. This research was carried out in 2 cycles, each cycle held 3 meetings. The learning process for each meeting is designed by applying the RMS (Reading, Mind Mapping, and Sharing) learning model. The instruments used were student activity observation sheets and student learning outcomes tests in the form of multiple choices. At the end of each cycle, a learning outcomes test is carried out. Based on the research results, it shows that there is an increase in student learning activities from cycle I to cycle II. In cycle I the percentages were 29.5%, 37.6%, and 46.2%. Meanwhile, in cycle II the percentages were 58.6%, 67.2%, and 78.4%. This was followed by an increase in student learning outcomes from cycle I with a percentage of 41.9% to 87.1% in cycle II. From these results, it can be concluded that implementing the RMS (Reading, Mind Mapping, Sharing) learning model, can improve student learning outcomes in Biology lessons in Class XI MIPA 5 UPT SMAN 3 Wajo.

Animated video media can make students interested in learning. The objectives of this research are, 1) To determine the differences in learning outcomes and learning activities of class class X student activities between classes that use animated video media and classes that use powerpoint media. The research sample was all students in class X Mia 1 and Mia 2. Data were collected using the test method in the form of multiple-choice questions and observation sheets. Data analysis uses quantitative descriptive analysis techniques. Based on the research results, it was obtained using the t-test there was a significant difference in student activity in class of 0.048, and in learning outcomes there was a significant difference of 0.000. Based on the Effect Size results, activity results were obtained at 0.51 and student learning outcomes at 0.50, including in the medium category.

In this study, the aim was to produce learning media based on the Google Slides application for natural science subjects on the human digestive system at Fatumfaun Public Middle School and then to find out the feasibility of Google Slides-based learning media for natural science subjects on the food digestive system for humans at public junior high schools. Fatumfaun based on the results of expert reviews and trials. Research and development (Research and Development) is a method used in this investigation. Both qualitative and quantitative data kinds are employed. The results of the assessment of media experts have an average value of 92.30% and are stated to be very good for testing. The results show that the material expert's assessment obtained an average value of 96.67% and was stated to be very good for testing. Based on Table 5, the trial of learning media products based on the Google Slides application is included in the very good category to be tested at Fatumfaun Public Middle School with an average score of 89.25% of student assessment results. The development of Google Slides application-based learning media for the digestive system material in humans that was developed was declared feasible to be tested.