This study aims to compare students’ conceptual understanding before and after the implementation of the flipped classroom learning model in Biology learning at SMA Negeri 1 Tayan Hulu. The study employed a quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental design involving two classes: an experimental class that applied the flipped classroom model and a control class that used conventional instruction. Data were collected through pretest and posttest assessments. Tests of normality and homogeneity confirmed that the data met the assumptions for parametric analysis. The results of the paired-samples t-test indicated an improvement in the experimental class with a mean difference of 25.44, while the independent-samples t-test revealed a significant difference in posttest scores between the two classes (p = 0.006). These findings demonstrate that the flipped classroom learning model significantly enhances students’ conceptual understanding compared to the conventional learning model. Therefore, the flipped classroom approach is feasible to implement as an alternative instructional strategy that effectively supports students’ conceptual comprehension, particularly in Biology.

Pagatan Besar Village is an area characterized by wetlands such as rivers, rice fields, and swamps that support diverse aquatic life, including various fish species. Fish serve as an important source of nutrients for human survival and also possess educational potential as learning and enrichment materials. This study aims to identify the types of Clariidae fish found in the Bagandis River, Pagatan Besar Village, Tanah Laut Regency, and to assess the validity and readability of an e-booklet developed as enrichment material for the Animalia concept in senior high school biology. The research employed the Research and Development (R&D) method following the Borg and Gall model, which includes several stages: research and information collecting, planning, developing the preliminary form of the product, preliminary field testing, and main product revision. The research results identified two species of Clariidae fish, namely Clarias nieuhofi and Clarias batrachus. The validity test obtained a score of 85.35%, categorized as “very valid,” while the readability test achieved a score of 85.92%, categorized as “very good.” These findings indicate that the e-booklet developed on Clariidae fish is feasible and effective for use as enrichment material in senior high school biology learning.

This study aims to analyze the effect of implementing the Project-Based Learning (PjBL) model based on a scientific approach on students’ science process skills in the Animalia topic among Grade X MIPA students at SMA Negeri 2 Tasikmalaya during the 2022/2023 academic year. A quasi-experimental method with a matching-only posttest-only control group design was employed. The population consisted of all Grade X MIPA students (280 students across eight classes), with two classes selected purposively as samples: X MIPA 6 as the experimental group (35 students) and X MIPA 8 as the control group (34 students). Data were collected using a science process skills test consisting of 39 multiple-choice questions related to the Animalia topic. The data were analyzed using prerequisite tests (Kolmogorov–Smirnov test: p = 0.200 > 0.05; Levene’s test: p = 0.373 > 0.05) followed by hypothesis testing with an independent samples t-test (Sig. 2-tailed = 0.000 < 0.05). The results indicate that the implementation of the PjBL model based on a scientific approach has a statistically significant effect on students’ science process skills in learning the Animalia topic.

Low academic achievement among students remains a challenge in biology education, particularly in understanding environmental concepts. This issue is exacerbated by the dominance of lecture-based instruction and the limited use of interactive digital media. This study aims to evaluate the effect of applying the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) model integrated with the e-LKPD Quizizz platform on students’ learning outcomes in the topic of ecosystems. A quantitative approach was employed using a quasi-experimental design with a non-equivalent control group. The research involved two 10th-grade classes at SMA Negeri 3 Banjarmasin, selected through purposive sampling: class X-E as the experimental group and class X-B as the control group. The instruments used included affective observation sheets, psychomotor assessments, and cognitive learning achievement tests (pretest and posttest). Data were analyzed using SPSS version 30, involving N-Gain calculations, t-tests, homogeneity, and normality tests. The results showed that the experimental class achieved higher posttest scores than the control class, with N-Gain values in the moderate to high range. Improvements were also observed in affective and psychomotor learning outcomes. These findings demonstrate that the integration of the PBL approach with the e-LKPD Quizizz platform fosters active learning, enhances conceptual understanding, and improves cognitive, affective, and psychomotor outcomes in ecosystem learning.

The Dutch jasmine plant (Combretum indicum) from the Combretaceae family is an aromatic ornamental plant known for its pleasant fragrance and vibrant flowers. This study aimed to formulate and evaluate aromatherapy preparations derived from Dutch jasmine essential oil and to determine the optimal formulation that meets physical quality standards for aromatherapy products. The research employed a true experimental design with quantitative and qualitative descriptive analyses. Four formulations were developed using different concentrations of essential oil: 2% (F1), 3% (F2), 4% (F3), and 5% (F4). The formulations were evaluated through hedonic testing by 35 panelists using a standardized assessment sheet. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics with Microsoft Excel. The results showed that among the four formulations, the 4% essential oil formulation (F3) received the highest preference score from panelists and met the physical quality criteria for aromatherapy products. Therefore, the F3 formulation was identified as the most effective and desirable aromatherapy preparation derived from Dutch jasmine essential oil.

Plants from the Apocynaceae family are commonly found in the environment of Lambung Mangkurat University, Banjarmasin, and can be utilized as learning materials, particularly in studying the sub-concept of stomata types. Providing appropriate learning resources and teaching materials that align with advancements in science and technology can enhance students’ learning motivation and engagement. One effective approach is the use of digital teaching materials such as electronic booklets (e-booklets). This study aims to describe the quality of the developed e-booklet based on suitability, feasibility, and readability tests. This research employed a development method using the 4D model (Define, Design, Develop, and Disseminate) proposed by Thiagarajan et al. (1974), conducted up to the dissemination stage in a limited and simplified manner. The subjects of the research and e-booklet evaluation consisted of two lecturers and eight students who had completed the Plant Anatomy course. The results showed that the suitability test obtained an average score of 4.79 (very suitable), the feasibility test obtained an average score of 4.75 (very feasible), and the readability test obtained an average score of 4.68 (very good). These findings indicate that the developed e-booklet is highly appropriate, feasible, and readable for use as a digital learning material in plant anatomy learning.

To maximize production, catfish farmers must optimize feed quality as one of the key factors supporting catfish growth and development. This study aimed to analyze the effect of adding singkil leaf flour (Premna corymbosa) to feed on the growth performance of Sangkuriang catfish (Clarias gariepinus var. Sangkuriang). The research was conducted from February to April using a randomized group design with four treatments and six replications. The treatments consisted of 100% pellets (P1), 100% singkil leaf flour (P2), 80% pellets + 20% singkil leaf flour (P3), and 70% pellets + 30% singkil leaf flour (P4). The analysis of singkil leaf flour showed a moisture content of 6.5%, ash content of 9.3%, protein 2.6%, fat 0.7%, and total carbohydrates 80.9%. The best growth performance was observed in the P3 treatment (80% pellets + 20% singkil leaf flour). It can therefore be concluded that singkil leaf flour alone cannot serve as an alternative single feed for catfish; however, it can be effectively used as a supplementary ingredient at a maximum proportion of 20% in combination with pellets.

Microplastics are plastic particles smaller than 5 mm that originate from anthropogenic activities or environmental degradation. The estuarine waters of the Kenyamukan River in Sangatta, East Kutai Regency, are highly vulnerable to microplastic contamination due to intensive local activities such as fishing port operations, residential settlements, docks, and tourism sites. This study aimed to analyze the types and forms of microplastics found in several fish species inhabiting the estuarine area. The research employed a descriptive–analytical approach, with sampling conducted from March to May 2025. Fish organs analyzed included the gills and digestive system, which were extracted using NaCl solution, 10% KOH, and 30% H₂O₂, followed by observation under a stereo microscope. The results revealed the presence of microplastics in goatfish (Parupeneus indicus), spotted scat (Scatophagus sp.), rabbitfish (Siganus guttatus), and golden snapper (Lutjanus johnii). The identified microplastic types consisted of fibers (52%), fragments (27%), films (12%), and pellets (9%), with a total of 173 particles. The microplastic sizes ranged from 0.0012 mm to 0.1399 mm and exhibited various colors, including black, red, yellow, blue, green, transparent, orange, and pink. These findings indicate a high level of microplastic contamination in the Kenyamukan River estuary, posing potential threats to the aquatic ecosystem and the trophic food chain.

Organic waste, such as food residues, can be processed into Eco-Enzyme, a product with various benefits. This study aims to produce Eco-Enzyme from organic waste and to conduct an organoleptic analysis of the resulting product. The research employed an experimental design for the production of Eco-Enzyme and a descriptive method for the organoleptic test. The Eco-Enzyme was made from vegetable and fruit waste mixed with palm sugar and water, then fermented for three months, with the container opened once every month. The results of the organoleptic test showed that most samples had a fermented aroma (60.29%), a light brown color (25%), and a constant volume (100%). The production process began with selecting organic waste, cutting it into small pieces, and then mixing it with palm sugar and water at a ratio of 1:3:10 (sugar:waste:water).

One of the main obstacles in the teaching and learning process at MA Darul Ulum is the low student interest in learning due to the use of conventional and abstract media, such as textbooks. This study aims to determine the validity and student responses toward learning media developed using the Prezi application with an elaboration approach. The research employed a Research and Development (R&D) design based on the 4D model, which consists of four stages: define, design, develop, and disseminate. Data analysis was conducted descriptively based on expert validation and student response questionnaires. The results of the media validation showed scores of 87.96% from media experts, 85% from material experts, and 91.67% from language experts, all of which fall into the “very valid” category. Field test results indicated that the elaboration-based Prezi media effectively enhanced students’ learning outcomes. Student response questionnaires obtained percentages of 91.91% in the small-scale trial and 89.89% in the large-scale trial, both categorized as “very good.” Based on these findings, the elaboration-based Prezi media is considered valid, practical, and effective for use in teaching the human respiratory system topic in senior high school biology.