This research aims to develop an environmental change e-module based on problem based learning that is feasible and practical. This research uses a research and development (R&D) model with Sugiyono's development design which is limited to stage 7. The product trial subjects were 21 class XI G students at SMAN 4 Blitar City and 1 Biology teacher at SMAN 4 Blitar City. The data collection instruments used included expert validation questionnaires, and student and teacher readability questionnaires. The results of the development research show that problembased learning based e-modules are feasible and practical as shown by 1) product feasibility consisting of material validation of 87.85%, language validation of 85%, and learning validation of 93.75% with the very feasible category 2) product practicality with a student readability test of 93.69% and a teacher readability test of 96% in the very practical category.

The development of a booklet on stomatal types in the Plant Anatomy course aims to provide a supplementary teaching material. This study seeks to describe the stomatal types found in Araceae plants within the FKIP ULM Banjarmasin environment, as well as to evaluate the content relevance, feasibility, readability, and development outcomes of the booklet. This research is a type of research and development (R&D) following the 4D model, limited to the Develop stage. The subjects involved in the development and evaluation of the booklet included two lecturers from the Biology Education Study Program and nine students who had completed the Plant Anatomy course at FKIP ULM Banjarmasin. The study identified two types of stomata among nine species of Araceae plants: (1) the cyclocytic type, found in Philodendron tuxla, Dieffenbachia seguine, Spathiphyllum floribundum, Philodendron burle marx, Syngonium auritum, Alocasia sarian, and Alocasia sanderiana; and (2) the anomocytic (ranunculaceous) type, found in Caladium tricolor and Colocasia esculenta L. The booklet achieved an average score of 4.37 in the relevance test (very relevant), 4.28 in the feasibility test (very feasible), and 4.49 in the readability test (very good), indicating that the booklet is technically suitable for use as a teaching material to support the Plant Anatomy course.

This study analyzes biology misconceptions using a Four-Tier Multiple Choice diagnostic test supported by the Certainty of Response Index (CRI) on the topic of environmental change and preservation among Grade X students at SMA Negeri 3 Samarinda. The research employed a descriptive design involving 280 students from eight Grade X classes. The instrument used was a 10-item Four-Tier Multiple Choice test integrated with the CRI to assess both conceptual understanding and students’ confidence in their answers. Data were analyzed using Miles and Huberman’s model, which includes data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The results showed that the average misconception rate among students was 50.64%, categorized as moderate. The highest rate of misconception (66.43%) was found in the indicator related to the causes of environmental change, classified as high. The findings indicate that the use of a Four-Tier Multiple Choice diagnostic test with CRI is an effective tool for identifying misconceptions in biology. Therefore, targeted instructional interventions are necessary to address these misconceptions and improve students' conceptual understanding.

Learning is a system designed to support the student learning process. Teachers play a key role in enhancing learning success by fostering student motivation, one of which can be achieved through the use of effective teaching materials. This study aims to determine the feasibility and effectiveness of short story books as alternative teaching materials to improve learning motivation in the immune system topic. This research employed a Research and Development (R&D) approach using the ADDIE model, which includes the following stages: 1) Analysis, 2) Design, 3) Development, 4) Implementation, and 5) Evaluation. Data were collected through interviews and questionnaires. The instruments included interview guides, validation sheets from subject matter experts, media experts, and short story experts, as well as student motivation questionnaires. The feasibility results of the developed short story book showed a validation score of 73.00% from material experts, 82.14% from media experts, and 89.81% from short story experts. At the implementation stage, student motivation results reached 80.95%, with an N-Gain score of 0.50. These findings indicate that the short story book is feasible and effective as an alternative teaching material to enhance students' learning motivation.

East Nusa Tenggara (NTT) is one of Indonesia's provinces rich in natural resources and plant biodiversity. The inventory of food plants involves identifying, recording, and mapping plant species used as food sources. In this context, identification refers to the process of determining plant species. West Sabu District in Sabu Raijua Regency is home to various plant species traditionally used by local communities to meet their daily food needs. Observations indicate that residents still rely heavily on traditional knowledge to utilize food plants found in their surroundings—such as in home gardens, yards, and rice fields. However, this knowledge is largely oral, raising concerns about its potential loss over time. This study, conducted from April to June in the villages of Depe, Raenalulu, Ledeana, and Raedeva (West Sabu District), employed a descriptive qualitative method. Findings revealed 29 plant species across 21 families, with Poaceae and Fabaceae being the most commonly used. The most frequently utilized plant organ was the fruit (from 16 species), while shoots were the least utilized (only 1 species). The methods of food preparation included mashing (5.17%), cooking (10.35%), and direct consumption (14.48%).

Natural Science learning at the elementary, high school and university levels is certainly closely related to the practicum learning method. Practical activities, experiments and observations of objects and direct phenomena can motivate students and can bridge students to gain direct experience in studying science phenomena that cannot be obtained from ordinary textbooks. In preparing laboratory activities, it is necessary to consider whether the practicum worksheet can guide and direct students to form knowledge or not. Most practicum worksheets in circulation today have not yet reached the expected criteria, one of which is a worksheet on plant respiration in one of the science packagebooks for junior high school / MTs grade 8. Based on this, it is necessary to conduct an analysis and reconstruction to improve the existing worksheets. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative method. There are three stages carried out in this study, namely: 1) analyzing the initial practicum worksheet; 2) conducting a limited trial on the initial practicum worksheet; and 3) reconstructing the practicum worksheet based on the trial results. Several weaknesses and obstacles were found during the trial which became the basis for improving the worksheets. Reconstruction of the worksheet was then carried out based on the suggestions for improvement obtained during the trial. After reconstruction, the practicum worksheet for respiration in plants experienced an increase in score, which was originally in the sufficient category (44%) to the very good category (83%).

Twenty-first century learning demands that teachers be more creative, innovative, and collaborative, with the ability to integrate digital technology into instructional models to foster students' 6C skills: character, citizenship, critical thinking, creativity, collaboration, and communication. One alternative learning resource aligned with both 21st-century competencies and the independent learning curriculum is the electronic booklet (e-booklet). This study aims to evaluate the suitability, feasibility, and readability of teaching materials in the form of an e-booklet on the subtopic of the virus replication process, designed based on the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) model for Grade X high school students. The research employed a Research and Development (R&D) approach using the 4D model by Thiagarajan et al. (1974), which in this study was implemented up to the limited dissemination stage in a test school and through publication. Data were collected using evaluation instruments for content suitability, technical feasibility, and readability. Participants included three experts (two Biology Education lecturers from FKIP ULM and one teacher from SMAN 13 Banjarmasin) and twelve Grade XI students from SMAN 13 Banjarmasin. The results showed that the e-booklet was rated "very suitable" (score: 4.60), indicating alignment with learning objectives, language, format, and media; "very feasible" (score: 4.82), reflecting technical viability as a teaching material; and "very good" for readability (score: 4.78), showing it is easy for students to understand. These findings suggest that the developed e-booklet is a highly effective alternative to conventional teaching materials.

This study aims to investigate the effect of implementing a teaching module on food and the digestive system on students’ knowledge and attitudes regarding the early prevention of stunting at SMA Negeri 1 Takalar. This research employed a pre-experimental design. The population consisted of 212 eleventh-grade students who had chosen biology. Using random sampling, classes XI F3 and XI F4 were selected as the sample, comprising a total of 72 students. Respondents were given a pretest, followed by a learning session using the teaching module, and then a posttest. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and inferential analysis through a paired sample t-test. The descriptive analysis revealed that, in the pretest, most students demonstrated very poor knowledge and negative attitudes. In contrast, posttest results showed that the majority had very good knowledge and positive attitudes. The inferential analysis indicated a significant effect of the teaching module on both knowledge and attitudes regarding the early prevention of stunting, with a significance value of 0.000 < 0.05 for both aspects.

This study investigates the academic performance of Grade X science students at SMA Negeri 9 Samarinda through the implementation of a Project-Based Learning (PjBL) model integrated with TPACK-based interactive multimedia. A quantitative descriptive approach with a quasi-experimental design was employed. The research was conducted at SMA Negeri 9 Samarinda, a newly established school located on Jl. Lempake, which began operations in March 2024. Both experimental and control groups were administered a pretest prior to the learning intervention. The experimental group recorded a mean pretest score of 31.33 (on a scale of 10 to 55), while the control group scored an average of 19.39, with scores ranging from 7 to 38. Posttest results showed that the experimental group achieved an average score of 81.36 (range: 70–92), whereas the control group averaged 68.48, with a maximum score of 90. The significant difference in posttest outcomes indicates that the TPACK-based PjBL model had a positive impact on students' academic achievement. The study concludes that the integration of interactive multimedia within a PjBL framework can enhance students’ understanding of environmental pollution and improve science learning outcomes at SMA Negeri 9 Samarinda.

Students in grade VII at MTs Muhammadiyah 1 Samarinda have uneven metacognitive skills. This can be seen based on the inability of students to assess themselves in the teaching and learning process. The following study aims to determine “the effect of the reading, questioning and answering learning model on the metacognitive skills of MTs Muhammadiyah 1 Samarinda students” on biodiversity material. The following study applies a quantitative approach through aquasi-experiment method that applies 2 classes, with a research design of Nonequivalent control group. The sample collection was carried out through purposive sampling method, namely VII A as the experimental class and VII B as the control class. Data collection techniques and instruments are carried out through the application of tests and questionnaires. The data analysis technique uses the Independent Sample t-test test through a significance level of 0.05. The results of the test data analysistcount < ttable (0.132 < 1.683), the results of the 10 question test data analysis tcount < ttable (1.163 < 1.683) and the results of the questionnaire data analysistcount < ttable (1.543 < 1.683). So it can be concluded that there is no “effect of the reading, questioning and answering learning model on the metacognitive abilities of MTs Muhammadiyah 1 Samarinda students on biodiversity material.