Cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of death in Australia, with primary care playing a crucial role in early intervention. This study aims to understand the facilitators and barriers to collaboration in primary care for the management of cardiovascular disease in Australia. This qualitative study used semi-structured interviews with maximum purposive sampling to capture general practitioners' perspectives on factors that impact collaboration between general practitioners and allied health professionals in cardiovascular disease management. The consolidated framework for implementation research was used to guide the analysis. General practitioners (n=23) across New South Wales were interviewed. Facilitators of collaboration included pre-established professional relationships, effective communication, existing co-location, severity of cardiovascular disease and perceived improvements in patient outcomes. Barriers identified included limited allied health availability, time constraints, complex referral processes, poor communication, low health literacy, inadequate remuneration and the view that collaboration is less necessary for patients with milder cardiovascular disease. Ultimately, the success of collaboration hinges on supportive organisational structures and strong professional relationships. Prioritising systemic integration of primary care with allied health services could improve cardiovascular disease risk and chronic disease management.

To identify and synthesise published literature on public health advocacy relating to influencing e-cigarette public policy outcomes and report the public health advocacy strategies and tactics employed by advocates and assess the effectiveness of these approaches in achieving the advocates' intended policy outcomes. A narrative review was undertaken of peer-reviewed journal articles that addressed public health advocacy relating to e-cigarettes. Several key themes emerged, which are as follows: (i) few studies have examined the effectiveness of e-cigarette public health advocacy strategies, (ii) a wide range of tactics is being used but tactic effectiveness has not been evaluated and (iii) diverse public health actors have engaged in e-cigarette advocacy, leading to differing views on regulation. The identified scarcity of research on effective public health advocacy for e-cigarettes appears to be a missed opportunity to share experiences and vital learnings. The findings highlight the need for greater evidence on effective public health advocacy strategies and tactics. Further research insights could strengthen the impact of e-cigarette advocacy among public health researchers, organisations, and practitioners that engage with this important public health issue.