ABSTRACT This study examines the impact of central government pressure on local government in China, focusing on the adoption of sustainability‐oriented approach water infrastructure. It also explores how public‐private partnerships (PPPs) in the water sector evolve in response to policy shifts toward sustainability. Initially, PPPs were established to address fiscal constraints and meet infrastructure demands, serving as key drivers of economic growth. However, the Chinese government has recently begun to incorporate ecological considerations into these partnerships. This study explores the factors that motivate local governments to adopt a sustainability perspective in urban development, analyzing the economic, social, and environmental dimensions involved. Focusing on Guangdong and Shandong—two provinces that have actively implemented water PPPs—this paper reveals how local officials have responded to changing evaluation criteria and environmental mandates. Through a comparative analysis, the study reveals that local governments interpret and implement central directives in diverse ways.

ABSTRACT Linear infrastructure projects such as highways, railways, and power lines are expanding rapidly across Asia, posing significant threats to biodiversity. This study examines the policy‐practice gap in wildlife safeguards within the context of India's legal and regulatory frameworks for linear infrastructure. Using legal and policy research, it analyzes environmental laws, policies, and court cases. Findings reveal that while India has a robust regulatory framework, including mandatory environmental clearances, gaps persist in implementation, monitoring, and enforcement. Case studies, such as the Bhagwan Mahaveer National Park and Char Dham Highway projects, show the critical role of judicial interventions in addressing compliance failures and enforcing wildlife‐friendly measures. The paper highlights the need for a more transparent and participatory process, strengthened legal frameworks, comprehensive environmental impact assessments, and enhanced local community engagement. These recommendations offer actionable insights for bridging the policy‐practice gap and fostering biodiversity‐friendly infrastructure development in Asia.