The increased susceptibility of older people to infection, together with population ageing, presents a major challenge to the healthcare system.Immunosenescence, characterised by the decline of both innate and adaptive immunity due to ageing, increases the risks of infection and disease severity and complications, resulting in substantial morbidity and mortality among older people.Vaccination has long been recommended as the most effective measure to prevent infectious diseases.However, immunosenescence decreases vaccine-induced immune responses, leading to lower efficacy in older people for the three most commonly recommended vaccines: influenza, pneumococcal, and herpes zoster vaccines.Provided that the impact of infectious diseases is great among older people and the threat of infection is likely to increase with the relaxation of infection control measures, vaccination remains a crucial measure to reduce infection, hospitalisation, and mortality.Despite these benefits, vaccination coverage among older people in Hong Kong remains suboptimal.In addition to strategies to enhance vaccination coverage among older people, other strategies such as promotion among healthcare workers and caregivers, measures to improve immune responsiveness, co-administration of vaccines, and selection of more immunogenic vaccine formulations should be considered to improve the effectiveness of vaccination as a means of primary prevention for older people in the community.