Abstract Artificial general intelligence (AGI) and artificial intelligence-generated content (AIGC) technologies are transforming mental health care by enabling early diagnosis, personalized treatment, and innovative therapeutic interventions. This systematic review evaluates the applications, benefits, and challenges of AGI and AIGC in diagnosing and managing depression and related disorders. A comprehensive literature search was conducted across PubMed, PsycINFO, EMBASE, Scopus, and Web of Science, with the last update on June 2, 2024. Studies were included if they assessed the role of AGI or AIGC in screening, diagnosis, treatment, or monitoring of depression. Exclusion criteria included non-English publications, review articles, and studies unrelated to artificial intelligence (AI) applications in mental health. Risk of bias was evaluated using standardized assessment tools, and findings were synthesized qualitatively. Of 246 identified articles, 34 met the inclusion criteria. Key findings indicate that AGI enhances diagnostic accuracy by integrating multimodal data (e.g. neuroimaging, wearable devices, and behavioral analysis), whereas AI-driven tools improve treatment personalization and real-time monitoring. AI-assisted psychotherapy and drug discovery models show promise in optimizing mental health interventions. However, challenges remain regarding algorithmic bias, data privacy, regulatory compliance, and ethical concerns. AGI and AIGC offer transformative potential in mental health care, improving diagnostic precision and personalized treatment strategies. However, further research is required to validate AI-driven interventions, mitigate bias, and establish ethical frameworks for clinical integration. Ensuring equitable access and robust validation will be essential for the responsible adoption of AI in psychiatry.

Abstract Background: Consultation-liaison psychiatry (CLP) bridges psychiatry with other medical and surgical specialties by addressing psychiatric conditions in patients with complex medical, surgical, and neurological illnesses. This study aims to analyze the demographic, referral, and diagnostic patterns among patients referred for CLP services. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 783 patients referred to CLP services were enrolled. Data were collected on patient age, gender, socioeconomic status, occupation, referring departments, reasons for referral, and psychiatric diagnoses. Results: The mean age of the patient was 37.3 ± 16.67 (range 7–85) years. The majority of the patients were in the age group of 15–30 years. In this study, the majority of referrals came from the Department of Medicine (46.9%), and the most common reasons for referral were deliberate self-harm (23.1%). Diagnostically, depressive disorders were most prevalent (13.8%). Conclusion: Our study underscores the integral role of CLP in addressing the psychiatric needs of medically ill patients and highlights the need for tailored psychiatric interventions to optimize patient care and outcomes. Furthermore, the findings emphasize the need for integrating CLP units in general hospitals and enhancing the training of nonpsychiatric physicians to improve early identification and management of comorbid psychiatric conditions.

Abstract Background: The alarming rise in suicide rates among Bangladeshi young adults is an urgent reminder of the silent battles they face, emphasizing the pressing need for immediate attention and comprehensive support systems to prevent further loss of precious lives. The main purpose of the present study was to explore the role of parental acceptance and rejection on suicidal ideation (SI) among Bangladeshi young adults. Methods: A total of 300 young adults (18–22 years) were selected by multistage random sampling from five undergraduate institutions in Rajshahi City, Bangladesh. Bangla Adapted Versions of “Parental Acceptance-Rejection Questionnaire (PARQ adult),” and “Beck Scale for Suicidal Ideation” were used to collect data. Obtained data were analyzed by employing mean, standard deviation, Pearson correlation, multiple regression analysis, and independent sample t-test, through SPSS version 25. Results: Results demonstrated that perceived parental acceptance was negatively correlated (maternal warmth/affection, r = −0.465**; P < 0.01; paternal warmth/affection, r = −0.449**; P < 0.01) with SI. Furthermore, perceived parental rejection was positively correlated (maternal hostility/aggression, r = 0.520**; P < 0.01; maternal indifference/neglect, r = 0.388**; P < 0.01; maternal undifferentiated rejection, r = 0.459**; P < 0.01; paternal hostility/aggression, r = 0.509**; P < 0.01; paternal indifference/neglect, r = 0.371**; P < 0.01, and paternal undifferentiated rejection, r = 0.397**; P < 0.01) with SI. Multiple regression analysis revealed that parental acceptance and rejection were significant predictors (45.2%) of SI. Findings also revealed that male young adults perceived more acceptance from their parents (maternal acceptance-rejection, t = −3.753, P < 0.001; paternal acceptance-rejection, t = −2.680, P < 0.01) than female young adults. Moreover, female young adults had higher SI than male young adults (t = −3.123 P < 0.01). Conclusion: This study documented a very critical notion of parental acceptance and rejection of overcoming SI among young adults. Therefore, planning appropriate strategies to improve family bonding of young adults should be taken into consideration for the prevention of SI or suicide among young adults.

Abstract Background: In recent times, there has been a growing acknowledgment of the frequency and consequences of suicidal ideation and nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) among college students. Smartphone Addiction (SMPA) is a key factor contributing to the development of these severe issues. Aim: The primary aim of the current study was to assess the significant correlation between SMPA, suicidal ideation, and NSSI. In addition, to investigate whether self-concealment plays a mediating role in the relationship among these variables among university students. Materials and Methods: The study utilized a cross-sectional design with a retrospective approach, including a total of 140 college students, encompassing both males and females aged 18–25, were selected through a convenience sampling technique. Statistical Analysis: The study performed descriptive analysis, Pearson’s correlation analysis, and Hayes’ process macro model 4. Results: Findings from the study indicate that SMPA has a significant relationship with self-concealment (r = 0.456, P < 0.01), suicidal ideation (r = 0.239, P < 0.01), and NSSI (r = 0.462, P < 0.01). Furthermore, the results of the mediation analysis revealed that the direct effect of SMPA on suicidal ideation was nonsignificant (β =0.0869, t = 1.3094). However, the indirect effect through self-concealment was significant (β =0.1221, t = 3.9514). In contrast, the direct effect of SMPA on NSSI was significant (β =0.2006, t = 4.8021). Similarly, the indirect effect through self-concealment was also significant (β =0.0786, t = 3.4933). Conclusions: The findings of the research are examined in alignment with the existing body of literature, and the significance of these findings is discussed within both theoretical and clinical frameworks.

SYNaptic GTPase-Activating Protein 1 ( SYNGAP1 ) is a gene that encodes the cytosolic protein SYNGAP1 , an essential component of the postsynaptic density at excitatory glutamatergic neurons. Hence, it has been implicated in patients with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), nonsyndromic intellectual disability, and epilepsy. Here we present the report of an ASD child with SYNGAP1 with epilepsy and behavioral disturbances such as irritability, behavioral disturbances, and restlessness. The child had drowsiness with risperidone hampering her activities of daily living. After a thorough literature search, rosuvastatin 2.5 mg was added in view of its role in the RAS-RAK pathway. The child responded well, her irritability reduced, risperidone was gradually stopped. Statins have multiple nonlipid-lowering effects, such as down regulation of the RAS pathway, which contributes to epilepsy, cognitive impairment, and behavioral problems in patients with SYNGAP1 mutations. Therefore, statins may serve as a potential therapeutic option for such patients.

Abstract Introduction: The young adult age group represents a vital developmental period during which tobacco usage may begin or stop. Hence, the aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of nicotine dependence, different degrees of loss of autonomy (LOA), and their association with various participant characteristics among young adult smokers visiting a tertiary dental setting in Pune. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional, face-to-face interview was conducted with 400 young adult smokers to obtain the demographic and smoking details. This was followed by filling out the Hooked on Nicotine Checklist for each patient to assess the nicotine dependency and LOA among the participants. Descriptive statistics followed by univariate and multivariate regression were used to analyze the data. Results: Three hundred and forty (85%) participants had nicotine dependency, i.e. 85% of the participants showed at least one symptom of LOA. Sixty (15%), 115 (28.75%), and 225 (56.25%) participants showed no LOA, low degree of LOA, and high degree of LOA, respectively. After adjusting for confounding factors, those who aged between 24 and 29 years (cumulative odds ratio [cOR]: 5.65), P < 0.001; those who smoked more than 10 cigarettes/day (cOR: 5.72), P < 0.001; and those whose age of first cigarette was <20 years (cOR: 2.36), P < 0.001, showed higher degree of LOA. Conclusion: A high prevalence of nicotine dependence was found among young adult cigarette smokers. Those who belonged to a higher age group, those who smoked more frequently, and those who started smoking at a younger age were found to have a high degree of LOA.

Abstract Background: The study was conducted with the background evidence that aggression is a psychiatric emergency, and prompt management requires understanding the predictors for such acts. There are minimal studies in South India, aimed at studying aggression in patients with any psychiatric diagnosis. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in a tertiary care center of Kerala over a period of 2 years, among 175 inpatients of psychiatric ward. ICD-10 was used to diagnose the patients, and the Modified Overt Aggression Scale (MOAS) was used to determine the severity of aggression. The study also assessed the possible associations between sociodemographic factors, clinical variables, and aggression using the Chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results: The prevalence of aggressive behavior was 41.1% (n = 72) among the psychiatric inpatients, with psychosis (45.8%), mood disorder (42.4%), and the personality disorders (66.7%) being the most common. The most significant risk factors were younger age of onset of illness (median age of onset was 22 [16, 30], recent history of aggression [odds ratio (OR) =19.03, 95% confidence interval (CI) =7.031, 51.51], history of aggression [OR = 16.01, 95% CI = 4.57, 56.04]), illicit drug use (90%), more number of previous admissions (64.7%), and psychotic symptoms (61.1%). Most of the aggressive patients required supported admission (P = 0.004) and prolonged hospitalization (P < 0.001). Conclusion: Examining and predicting the risk factors help the hospital categorize at-risk patients and prevent aggressive behaviors in the ward by guiding the staff and caregivers.

Abstract Background and Objectives: Individual happiness and well-being are the most essential components of quality of life. For the last few years, the United Nations General Assembly has annually published the World Happiness Report, and the ranking of India has repeatedly fallen to an alarming level where the country’s position remains below 100 nations in these surveys. Hence, this study was carried out to uncover the associated sociodemographic and lifestyle-related factors for happiness and well-being in the general population of Sangli district, Western Maharashtra, India. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using a questionnaire among willing adults in the Sangli district. Section A regarding the sociodemographic data; Section B is the evaluation of lifestyle-related factors; and Section C contains a 29-item Oxford Happiness Questionnaire scale for assessing personal happiness. Microsoft Office 365 and SPSS-22 software were used to analyze data. Results: Out of the 679 participants, 61.9% of 420 people were not happy or somewhat unhappy, 34% were satisfied, and only 4.1% were happy. Participants were significantly unhappy despite having reliable and trustworthy friends and even after taking a complete rest. Multivariate analysis showed age, per capita income, occupation, and education are significant predictors of the happiness index score. Interpretation and Conclusion: People did not experience happiness after several favorable situations. Happiness is complex and subjective; it is very challenging to capture fully with a single index or questionnaire.

Abstract Introduction: Internet-based psychotherapies are considered promising approaches to enhancing ease of use and comfort for pregnant women. The present study aimed to compare the effectiveness of Internet-based stress inoculation therapy (ISIT) and Internet-based emotion-focused cognitive behavioral therapy (IECBT) in decreasing anxiety, depression, and stress in pregnant women. Materials and Methods: A total of 60 pregnant women were included in the present quasi-experimental multicenter study with the diagnosis of depression or anxiety disorder according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition in the …. convenience sampling was conducted, and participants were classified into two groups of 30 ISIT and IECBT. All participants attended eight 50-min Internet-based therapy sessions with therapist support and completed the Brief Symptom Inventory 18, the Revised Prenatal Distress Questionnaire before and after the t intervention, and the Client Satisfaction Questionnaire (CSQ-8) after the intervention. Results: The mean satisfaction with the therapy was high in both groups, and the ISIT (23.18 ± 5.06) and IECBT (25.53 ± 5.43) groups were equal in terms of participants’ satisfaction. Both ISIT and IECBT approaches could significantly decrease the anxiety and depression levels and specific stress levels of pregnant women after 8 weeks of intervention. Conclusion: The equal effectiveness of the two therapies and the high level of satisfaction of pregnant anxious or depressed patients suggest therapists use ISIT and IECBT approaches in pregnant women diagnosed with anxiety disorders or depression based on the patient’s preferences.

Abstract Background: Mental illness continues to be a significant public health challenge, with stigma acting as a barrier to seeking care and improving outcomes. Healthcare students, particularly medical and nursing students, play an influential role in shaping future societal attitudes toward mental health. Their attitudes and perceptions toward mental illness can directly impact the care patients receive and influence how mental health issues are addressed within the healthcare system. Stigma among healthcare students can undermine the quality of patient care, discourage individuals from seeking help, and perpetuate harmful stereotypes that affect wider societal views. This study compares the stigma toward mental illness between medical and nursing students from two educational institutions in Khammam and Warangal, located in Telangana. Telangana was chosen as the study location due to its unique cultural and educational context, which may provide valuable insights into regional variations in stigma and perceptions of mental health. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 827 students from private medical college (Khammam) and government medical college (Warangal). The Mental Illness Clinicians’ Attitudes-2 (MICA-2) scale was used for medical students, while the modified MICA-4 scale was employed for nursing students to measure attitudes toward mental illness. In addition, sociodemographic data, including gender, previous contact with individuals with mental illness, and academic semester, were collected. Results: A total of 827 students participated in the study, with 57.4% of medical students and 42.6% of nursing students. Medical students exhibited significantly higher stigma scores (41.07 ± 6.74) compared to nursing students (38.07 ± 7.44, P < 0.001). Male students had higher stigma levels (41.37 ± 7.06) than female students (36.57 ± 7.33, P < 0.001). Students with prior contact with individuals suffering from mental illness showed lower stigma scores (35.42 ± 8.91) compared to those without prior contact (39.35 ± 6.14, P < 0.001). Students from Warangal had lower stigma scores (38.13 ± 7.03) compared to those from Khammam (39.15 ± 6.54, P < 0.05). Post hoc analysis revealed that medical students from private medical college, Khammam (MedKh) had the highest stigma, followed by nursing students from the same institution. Students from government medical college, Warangal (MedWar) exhibited intermediate stigma, with Government nursing college, Warangal (NurWar) showing the lowest stigma levels. Conclusion: This study highlights significant differences in stigma levels between students from various institutions and regions, emphasizing the importance of addressing stigma in healthcare education. To reduce stigma, it is crucial to integrate anti-stigma programs into medical and nursing curricula, with a focus on mental health awareness. In addition, increasing clinical exposure to mental health settings and fostering direct interaction with individuals experiencing mental illness can help reduce prejudice and promote more compassionate care. These actionable steps can support the development of a more empathetic and stigma-free healthcare workforce.