The aim of the paper is to describe the names of confectionery products used in advertising texts, such as price lists, posters, leaflets and inserts, from the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th century. The article adopts the methodology of research on the thematic division of vocabulary (see Witaszek-Samborska 2005, Batko-Tokarz 2019). The analysis proves that due to the specificity of the community of trading and advertising discourse and its communication practices, the discussed vocabulary requires a very broad approach to the thematic field of names of confectionery products, which includes both sweet and dessert dishes and drinks, as well as their ingredients, semi-finished products and additives. Moreover, the important role of centuries-old linguistic contacts was confirmed, which resulted in numerous loanwords in the field of culinary vocabulary (including the names of confectionery products). The paper also shows the multitude, diversity and function of collocations, in which confectionery vocabulary is used.

The article focuses on a few problems a researcher may encounter while analysing phraseological units which form aspectual pairs, obtained from text and lexicographical data. In the first as either symmetrical or asymmetrical in their aspect (forming an aspectual pair or not). In the second part, and in the summary, the provided examples and causes of the observed discrepancies are studied in greater detail. It appears that whether a phraseological unit forms an aspectual pair or not is decided by a number of semantic and grammatical factors. The status of particular units is individually decided. For a few such units [e.g., działać na kogoś jak (czerwona) płachta na byka (to make someone extremely angry, lit: to act like a red rag for a bull), kamień na kamieniu nie zostanie z czegoś (not one stone will be left standing, lit: there will be no stone left upon stone)], an emergence of an aspectual counterpart may be treated as an outcome of language evolution (from an imperfective form to both, perfective and imperfective forms). In the case of unclear aspectual symmetry, the status of such units will probably be decided by usage (frequency of use).

The article presents a traditional image of a country home in Spisz. The material basis is the electronic corpus of rural speech (Korpus Spiski 2015–2019). The collocations of the lemmas: dom, chałupa, izba were observed during the analysis of corpus materials. The study of collocations allows us to clarify the semantics of lexemes. The names dom and chałupa have a characteristic dialectal understanding: ‘a rural farm belonging to one owner, including farm buildings, animals and equipment’. This meaning does not occur in the noun izba. Semantic and pragmatic structures describing traditional elements and forms of life associated with a country home were extracted from broader contexts. The traditional image of the Spisz home reveals two profiles: physical (residential building, farm) and symbolic (center of community family life, place of important events and celebrations, farm work, neighborhood meetings). Finally, the transformations that have taken place in the farmhouse are mentioned.

The main aim of the article is to direct the reader’s attention to the marginal nature of the research in phraseology derived from broadly conceived literary works. Heretofore phraseological combinations drawn from literature have not received comprehensive and in-depth linguistic treatment – there are no major theoretical and material-based works of research devoted to this subject which would enable one to present the richness and the variety of such lexical forms featured in the modern Polish language. Due to the fact that the Polish linguistic literature lacks a separate name of lexical combinations derived from literature, the author introduces the term literaturism (a literature-based expression – Polish: literaturyzm), by analogy with the terms biblizm and mitologizm which have been used in Polish linguistic studies for many years, and she also distinguishes particular types of literaturisms, i.e. phraseological literaturism (e.g. czekać na Godota, chocholi taniec, lwia część, rząd dusz, wiek balzakowski) and lexical literaturism (e.g. dulcynea, dulszczyzna, hamletyzm, judym, quasimodo).

One of the most important parameters for characterizing the vocabulary of a text is the index of quantitative vocabulary richness (Ibog). The most frequently used indicator is developed by Jozef Mistrik: Ibog = (V – the number of different lexemes in the text, i.e. the text dictionary; N – text length, i.e. the number of all word forms). Using J. Mistrik’s formula (N – number of word forms, i.e. 10,000 from the beginning of each reportage, V – number of lexemes in each of these samples), Ibog was calculated for individual texts. The value of the indicator ranges between 5.2 (D. Rosiak, Ziarno i krew. Podróż śladami bliskowschodnich chrześcijan) and 6.8 (M. Janiszewski, Dom nad rzeką Loes). There is, therefore, a significant difference in the quantitative vocabulary richness index among the analyzed book reports, which amounts to as much as 1.6. It should be assumed that it results from the style of specific reportages, spanning between written and spoken Polish and between static and dynamic relationships. The average for the reportage Ibog ≈ 5.9. Therefore, due to the examined parameter, it is close to the humanistic scientific disciplines (literary, historical, linguistic works in which ranges between 5.4 and 6.1), which indicates a high lexical richness of book reportage.

In this article, I discuss a linguometric method/procedure that I am developing myself, with which it will be possible to forecast upcoming changes in the extra-linguistic reality. Econometric analyses are a model for this procedure. Underlying the proposed linguometric method, I made a cognitive assumption related to the linguistic picture of the world (or more precisely here: textual worldview) of a some kind of communicative community (here: Polish communicative community) and conducted corpus-based frequency-lexical analyses with reference to three exemplary historical events: a) the global economic crisis of 2008–2009; b) the outbreak of World War II in 1939; c) the Russian aggression against Ukraine in 2022. In the corpus‑based linguistic data, I tracked the frequency-lexical symptoms of the coming of the mentioned events. It was possible to establish by means of statistical data (frequency and textual frequency of synonymic words from the thematic fields CRISIS and WAR) that language ‘foretells’ an imminent change in reality 2 to 4 years before it occurs (it is therefore possible to predict future events on the basis of linguistic data). It seems, therefore, that the proposed linguometric procedure can be complementary to econometric, political science, sociological, and many other analyses. I also think that the method developed can be implemented into a digital linguometric tool operating on language corpora, which – for the purposes of linguometrics – should be continuously developed. Such a linguometric tool could be developed in the information and linguistics team.

This article deals with language in the media. The aim of the study is to analyze the language game in contemporary media texts in the aspect of linguistic means used in it. The following research methods are used in the article: structural analysis method, semantic-connotation analysis method and functional-pragmatic analysis method. The results of the study showed that the dominant means of a language game in the research material of the article is lexical blending. Dephraseologisation has also been recognised as a special means of a language game.

The subject of this article are selected names of beers produced by Polish craft breweries. The aim is to determine the functions performed by marketing chrematonyms in the nomination, identification and differentiation of an object (product), but also in the process of communication between the author of the name and its recipient (consumer) within a specific group that can be integrated around cultural values. Beer names are described as microtext governed by the same rules as other texts, e.g. literary ones, and limited only in terms of length. For this reason, the description refers to a method known from the description of literary onomastics.

The article presents linguistic reflections related to the way of recording a thematic fragment of public discourse in the 18th century manuscript press genre. The object of analysis set in a genological context and referring to the linguistics of memory are the texts of Theodor Ostrovsky’s newspapers, which record the voices of collective memory of a specific social group about events and people related to Vilnius. The newspaper as a complex journalistic genre, and at the same time a secondary genre of memory, at the cognitive, pragmatic, stylistic level shapes and interprets the image of remembered Vilnius affairs, on the basis of individual voices of memory. The article discusses the strategy of serialization, lexical exponents of message mediation and authorial point of view, which introduce elements of communicative community memory (memory in genre) and situational memory. The cognitive polyphony of the press narrative is connected, among other things, with the adaptation of genres with primordially different life contexts, which modify the communicative and stylistic parameters of the analyzed messages.

The paper presents phrasemes from the lexical-semantic field DIABEŁ (DEVIL) in an anthropocentric perspective. The purpose is to describe these units that show what features and aspects of man’s activity – manifested in undertaking and carrying out different actions – have made these actions acquire a devilish character in phrasematics, and consequently – negative evaluation. A significant majority of phrasemes name behaviours, which – taking into account the way in which the actions are performed, as well as their intensity – are distinguished by lack of moderation and exceeding the conventionally accepted norm. As extremes located on the right side of the axis (slowly – fast, little – much, quietly – loudly), according to a popular belief (colloquial, sensible rationality – common-sense knowledge) are treated as unnatural and do not gain acceptance.