Present research attempts to investigate fauna of northwestern Iran during Bronze Age, when regional subsistence strategy is recognizable at agricultural and nomadic societies. Each enjoyed animals such as sheep, goat, cow, and gazelle, considering treating their demands. The research involves in archaeological evidence to achieve fauna of northwestern Iran during Bronze Age. The data include various motifs of metal and pottery vessels, clay figures, and animal bone remains. The animals are closely related to Iranian northwestern environment. Accordingly, investigating these archaeological findings can help to better understanding of the history of animal exploitation during Bronze Age. Bibliographically, the authors collected data from archaeological reports. The results indicate that human exploited fauna from northwestern Iran during Bronze Age, depicted as zooid motifs, for meat, wool, and milk.

Military organization in Wallachia during the time of the Phanariot princes (1716-1821). The communist historiography period (1946-1989) had credited the idea that one of the negative consequences of the establishment of the Phanariot rulers in Wallachia and Moldavia was the abolition of the earthly armies. Today we can state as clearly as possible the fact that the Phanariot rulers significantly reduced the military numbers of the armies from the two romanian countries. The Ottoman Empire never requested this, on the contrary, it allowed, in time of war, the Phanariot lords to increase their troops. Throughout the Phanariot era, Romanian military troops played the role of " auxiliary troops" for the ottoman army.

Modern research of museum archaeological collections, their attribution and digitizing are relevant questions of science, culture, and education in the world. The paper presents archaeological materials of the Siberian Upper Paleolithic sites Mal’ta and Buret’ and the ways of their systematization and documentation in a form of an information system on the internet. The system has a full-fledged item attribution, scientific description and extensive multimedia support including 3D models and macro photographs. The collections were obtained during the excavations under the direction of M. M. Gerasimov and A. P. Okladnikov, carried out in the early to mid-20th century ; the unique artifacts from the collections are kept in the funds of various museums in different cities of Russia (Moscow, St. Petersburg, Irkutsk) in a scattered and unsystematic form. Our project is aimed to the developing of the documentation of unique items from the collection of the Upper Paleolithic Mal’ta-Buret’ archaeological culture and presenting the results in a systematic way with visual materials. The collection includes a number of anthropomorphic, zoomorphic, ornithomorphic figurines, ornamented discs and plates, as well as items of personal ornamentation, and other unique artefacts. As part of the project, we took photographs and macro photographs of the objects, their 3D models using the photogrammetry method, made a detailed description and collected all available publications on them, both modern and the earliest. The art objects of the fragmented collection are systematized and presented in the form of a single virtual collection on the Internet – Information System of Mal’ta and Buret’ Mobile Art. Descriptions, photographic images and three-dimensional models of objects, the results of microscopic studies and trace analysis have been published.

We propose a possible model of genesis of the cluttered boulders and pseudokarstic caves, of which one is the famous St. Teodora’s cave, in the area of Sihla Skete, an important spot of tourism and Ortodox pilgrimage. Our model takes into consideration the entire geologic history of the area, beginning with the deposition of the sedimentary rocks on which the peculiar relief of the area is sculpted to present day.

The issue of Bohai people in the Liao Empire after the destruction of their state in 926 CE is a very complicated and important one in understanding the fate of ethnic groups in East Asia in the medieval period. As is known, after 926 many Bohai people remained in the Liao Empire, because they did not want to emigrate to other regions (such as the Koryo kingdom, Japanese Empire or the lands of the Jurchen tribes). Over two centuries the policy of Khitan rulers towards the Bohai population changed several times. This article considers the specifics of the situation of the population from the former Bohai state in Liao and analyzes the roles of Bohai people in the Khitan state. The time period of my research in this work is limited to 1029, which saw the biggest rebellion of the Bohai people in the East Capital of Liao. This event demonstrated the altered position of the Bohai population remaining in the Liao Empire.

Cette démarche met en évidence deux aspects, en premier lieu celui d’un retour chronologique sur les découvertes et travaux effectués sur le site de Djemila, antique ‘‘ Cuicul’’, depuis sa découverte, afin de cerner et comprendre la «réhabilitation » de la ville et la réappropriation du lieu mais c’est aussi le moyen de révéler à travers ce processus de découverte, le formidable potentiel qu’il nous est donné d’exploiter et de réadapter aux besoins et exigences actuelles. La ville de Djemila n’a pas connu de réévaluation conséquente depuis des décennies, la mise à niveau et l’interprétation des données scientifiques répertoriées ainsi que les approches relatives à la découverte progressive du site, sont autant d’arguments à réinterpréter, pour une réflexion appropriée de valorisation. Ce voyage initiatique d’une découverte qui aura révélé une entité urbaine décrite dans ses moindres recoins, se veut comme amorce à une réintégration de la ville dans tous ses aspects, face aux impératifs actuels de mise en valeur et de revitalisation du patrimoine archéologique du Maghreb. La mise à niveau du mode de la conservation et de sauvegarde du patrimoine archéologique a ouvert le champ du débat. En ce sens Djemila patrimoine mondial de l’humanité depuis 1982, est appelée à s’actualiser, les données de son passé encore inexploitées, pourraient alors redéfinir son avenir en matière de revitalisation et ouvrir le champ d’une réévaluation.

Radu Gioglovan is an example of how local history should have evolved during the communist regime. His studies combine archaeology and history in a fortunate manner and, for this reason, revisiting some of his hypotheses, placing them within the progress made in the field of research may provide answers regarding important aspects in the evolution of mediaeval Târgoviște city. Radu Gioglovan’s preoccupations covered important stages and moments in the development of the seat of Wallachia, whether one refers to the occupation of Târgoviște by Grand Vizier Sinan Pasha, during the 1595 military campaign, to the fortifications of the city or of the princely court, to the Chindia Tower or the Metropolitan Church.

In this paper, we try to present a chronological sequence of the most important stages in the history of discovery and knowing the Ialomița cave from Bucegi Mountains (Southern Carpathians, Romania). The most important documents, articles, books and studies related to this karst phenomenon are also mentioned.

Archaeological material of the very Early Neolithic (and „ Mesolithic traditions”) discovered in the archaeological site of Cristian I still presents surprising evidence of the behaviour of communities at that time. In this study, we have new data about painting ornamentation of the Early Neolithic pottery from here.

Forty years after the first excavation on Geangoești-Hulă, a new archaeological research project on site, a Kodjadermen-Gumelnița-Karanovo VI culture settlement, allow a better understanding of the stratigraphic sequences and gives new insight over constructive solutions and dimensions of a KGK VI settlement, sketching regional patterns. In the last five years, an impressive quantity of archaeological artefacts, mostly ceramic sherds, but over 200 whole vessels, a big lot of clay figurines and chipped flint and obsidian industry, some clay miniature objects, zoomorphic clay figurines, whirls and loom weight, but also copper and polished stone objects, was collected from different archaeological features and structures, as contemporaneous pits, foundation ditches, constructive pits, waste areas, houses etc. The present study brings to light the only three male figurines from the anthropomorphic collection from Geangoești, occasion to analyse them in a larger context, by comparing them with other male figurines from K G K VI culture and by reviewing some other forms used in Neolithic and Copper Age Eastern Europe to express masculine element.