The spleen in traditional Chinese medicine is the foundation of life activities after birth. Professor Ji Wei proposed the idea of combining traditional Chinese medicine to strengthen the spleen and strengthen the foundation with regulating intestinal immunity and bacterial homeostasis, exploring and summarizing the pathogenesis and treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and flexibly apply the medication experience of Chinese medicine master Zhu Liangchun. The commensal flora of the digestive tract affects the occurrence and development of rheumatoid arthritis through mechanisms such as leaky gut and cross-reaction. Professor Ji Wei believes that the spleen can elevate and nourish the body, transport and transform water and dampness.The dampness caused by spleen deficiency and dampness is a common causative factor for spleen and stomach diseases and rheumatism. The treatment is to strengthen the spleen and replenish qi, resolve dampness and remove obstruction and pain, and improve the intestinal tract. By using traditional Chinese medicine to improve intestinal flora restore gastrointestinal physiological function, and regulate immune homeostasis, the aim is to reduce the influence of dampness, turbidity, and evil energy on joint inflammation through the "gut joint axis".

Nutraceuticals, "borderline" products between food (requiring notification) and drugs (entering the market with authorization), still incompletely regulated by law, are increasingly widely used as ingredients in food or food supplements, preventive or curative in certain medical conditions, equally in humans and animals. These compounds can target multiple targets and act through multiple metabolic pathways. As a result, nutraceuticals can exert multiple activities, such as scavenging free radicals and antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, adaptogenic, sedative, antimicrobial, etc., with diverse pharmacological effects. Because, most of the time, it is not just about the standardized extract, but about a product containing a whole series of active compounds, clear criteria are needed to prove their cause-effect relationship, following human administration and animals The category of nutraceuticals includes: probiotics and prebiotics present in fermented dairy products (yogurt, kefir), antioxidants, dietary fibers, essential fatty acids, vitamins, coenzyme Q10, herbs and spices with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. A wholesome, wholesome diet of fruits and vegetables, along with an adequate mix of macronutrients, is essential for optimal health.

Material and methods. 4 groups of 15 white rats: 1st - intact, 2nd - model of nephrosis-nephritis, 3rd - model of intra-abdominal infection, 4th - model of nephrosis-nephritis and intra-abdominal infection. Intra-abdominal infection was simulated by intraabdominal injection of autofaeces mixture. Nephrosis-nephritis was simulated by subcutaneous introduction of 5% sodium nitrite solution. Intra-abdominal infection was simulated 3 months after diabetes simulation. The small and large intestines and peritoneal exudate microflora were studied. The material for examination was taken before the simulation of intra-abdominal infection, in 6, 12, 24, 48 h after. Results. Dysbiosis was found in the 2nd group. In the 3rd group, in 6 h, dysbiosis was found, in the 4th group dysbiosis progressed, with not only quantitative but also qualitative changes in the intestinal microbiocenosis were found, which further progressed. During the development of intra-abdominal infection, permanent changes in the intestinal microbiocenosis and peritoneal exudate microflora were detected. In the 4th group, the changes were more severe. In the 3rd group, in 48 h, microflora’s changes in both intestines and the peritoneal exudate indicate slight regression of pathological processes. In the 4th group, in 48 h, progression of pathological processes was detected. Conclusion. 1. Intestinal dysbiosis was detected in rats 12 h since acute nephrosis-nephritis simulating. 2. Simulating acute intra-abdominal infection in intact rats causes intestinal dysbiosis, a syndrome of excess bacterial colonization of small intestines. 3. Simulation of acute intra-abdominal infection in rats with models of acute nephrosis-nephritis increases intestinal dysbiosis, in 6 h not only quantitative but also qualitative changes in the intestinal microbiocenosis were detected, which further progress. 4. In intact rats, 48 h since acute intra-abdominal infection modeling, signs of dysbiosis regression and a decrease in the number of microorganisms in peritoneal exudate were found, instead in rats with models of acute intra-abdominal infection with underlying acute nephrosis-nephritis, signs of dysbiosis progression and an increase in the number of microorganisms in peritoneal exudate were found.

This study involved the production and quality assessment of cookies from whole wheat, kidney beans and unripe plantain peel flour blends. Whole wheat, kidney beans and unripe plantain peel flours were blended at different ratios to obtain three (3) different blends of composite flour. The blending ratios used were: 80:15:5(sample B), 70:20:10(sample C), 60:10:30(sample D) of whole wheat flour, kidney beans flour and plantain peel flour respectively. 100% whole wheat flour (sample A) served as the control. The proximate, anti-nutrients and mineral composition of the cookies were determined using standard methods. The proximate compositions ranged from 10.90% to 11.65%, 1.54% to 2.54%, 10.82% to 14.24%, 7.69% to 11.72%, 1.70% to 3.02% and 58.26 to 67.35% for moisture, ash, protein, fat, fibre and carbohydrate respectively. The anti-nutrients composition ranged from 2.27mg/100g, to 2.97mg/100g, 1.18% to 3.28% and 1.11% to 5.12% for oxalate, tannin and phytate respectively. The mineral content ranged from 45.22 to 75.31 mg/100g, 32.00 to 62.06 mg/100g, and 20.26 to 31.79mg/100g for calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus respectively. Production of cookies from whole wheat, kidney beans and unripe plantain composite flours would enhance the utilization of these underutilized crops and help in alleviating protein energy malnutrition problems as well as reduce food wastage in developing countries.

The Meat products types are highly nutritious foods, as they are sources of the proteins, fats, vitamins, and minerals. Due to their chemical characteristics and modifications resulting from processing, the meat products types are very susceptible to oxidation and microbial contamination, which justifies the use of the various food additives, such as antioxidants and preservatives, represented mainly by synthetic compounds whose consumption is related to several health risk factors. Therefore, there is an urgent need to replace these substances, and bioactive phytochemicals appear as a promising alternative. In this chapter, we discuss various aspects related to the use of natural antioxidants in the meat products types, comprehending the chemical composition of the meat and its derivatives, their oxidative processes, the toxic compounds due to oxidation, the use of natural antioxidants, and the other observed effects of isolated compounds, extracts, and essential oils, such as the antimicrobial activity, demonstrating their potential in reducing the use of the synthetic food additives.

The general objective of this study was to identify the major factors that influence the loan repayment performance of urban women in the case of vision fund micro finance institution, in Fiche town. The study was employed both qualitative and quantitative research methods. Surveys were conducted among urban women who have taken out loans from vision fund micro finance institutions. To select the desired sample from population of the study, stratified random sampling technique was used. Both descriptive statistics and econometric analyses particularly logistic regression (binary logit) was employed to present the results and findings of the research. Inferential statistics were used to identify significant correlations between different factors and loan repayment performance. The descriptive statistics results showed that out of 80 women borrowers 45 (56%) women borrowers were performing well or pay their loan on time while the remaining 35 (44%) were non-performing in their ability to pay their loan on time. In addition, the binary logit model results indicate that 8 variables were considered for the model out of which, 4 variables were found to significantly influence loan repayment performance of women borrowers at less than 5 percent level of significance. Education level of women, experience in credit use, and grace period positively and significantly influenced loan repayment performance of women borrowers while, engagement in social ceremonies negatively influenced the loan repayment performance of women borrowers in the study area. Finally, the researcher recommends that financial institution must provide educational training service related to loan, asses past credit experience of borrower, longer grace period while women borrowers must prioritize their spending pattern to improve their loan repayment performance.

The study was carried out to evaluate, identify, and characterize various traditional milk preservative plants and investigate their indigenous techniques of handling, processing and preserving in the South-Ari and Maale districts. Data were collected from 196 households by purposive sampling, interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire, and analyzed using SPSS. More than 12 indigenous preservative plants that were commonly used by the respondents were identified and collected. In the South-Ari district all (100%) respondents used plant species of Lippia adoensis Hochst, Cordia Monoica Roxb., Leucas Deflexa Hook.f and Satureja Paradoxa, while in the Maale district 63.5% of the respondents used only fresh Balanites Aegyptiaca leaves to clean the milk utensils while 36.5% used fresh leaves of Solanum Incanu, Hoslundia Opposita, Balanites Aegyptiaca, Lantana Camara, and Celosia Trigyna. as washing milking and storage vessels. About 96% of the plants frequently used to smoke milk equipment in the South-Ari district were Clerodendrum Myricoides, Eucalyptus Globulus and Olea Africana while almost all (99%) households in the Maale district smoked milk utensils with Balanites aegyptiaca, Solanum Incanum, Lantana Camara, and Ocimum Forskolei Benth. The application methods were through rubbing, burning, and both burning and immersion in the milk vessels. The main cause of the loss of milk after harvest in the South Ari (93.7%) and Maale (40%) districts was milk spoilage. The majority of the 92% in South-Ari and 66.7% in Maale respondents minimize milk spoilage by consuming early or selling to the market. It could be concluded that the herbal plants identified in this study required further examination and their impact on the health of consumers should be studied in detail.

Some species of termites are becoming a threat to the farming community as they are directly and indirectly using major losses to the agricultural system. Reports on economic losses caused by termite infestations have been made worldwide. Intensive use of insecticides which is of great environmental and health concerns was the most frequently control option. To make termites management environmentally friendly, there is a need to integrate indigenous knowledge about pest management techniques into the scaling-up process in order to improve farmers’ pest management practices. For centuries, humans planned agricultural production and conserved natural resources with the instruments of indigenous knowledge (IK). The development of indigenous knowledge systems is cumulative, representing generations of experience, careful observations, trial and error experiments. The objective of this review, we present the available information related to indigenous technology in termite management practices and to identify suitable and sustainable indigenous methods adopted by resource poor farmers for termite control.

The main review purpose this paper provides updated information on the effect of different transplanting dates on the infestation of tobacco insect pets were carried out at different location by different Scholars. The results revealed that different trials conducted in different agro ecological zone indicated that damage was higher and green leaves yield decrease were in late transplanted tobacco. While, the damage was gradually decrease and green leaves yield increase in early transplanted tobacco. Numerous species of insect pests of tobacco affect the crop in the field, in the greenhouse, and in storage. The effect tobacco insect pests reduced green leaf yield, quality and damage roots, leaves, buds parts of plants and others transmit several important tobacco disease pathogens. As management systems for flue-cured tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) used different transplanting date were compared to evaluate their influence on insect pests’ damage, leaves yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco. The results indicated that early transplanted significantly increase leaf yield, growth parameters and decrease insect pest damage incidence. The study indicated that transplanted has pronounced positive effect on management of tobacco insect pests and growth of tobacco.