Recently, overweight and obesity among adolescents have become a growing concern, necessitating a comprehensive understanding of both preventive and effective management strategies. The present study aimed to assess knowledge and practices on the prevention of overweight and obesity among secondary school adolescents in Morogoro Municipality. An institutional‐based cross‐sectional study was conducted from April to May 2023 among 253 randomly selected students studying in Form 1, Form 2, and 3 classes. Data were collected through face‐to‐face interviews using a semi‐structured questionnaire. Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) Version 25 was used for descriptive statistics to describe the study variables and logistic regression to identify factors associated with knowledge and practices on prevention of overweight and obesity. Among 253 respondents, 129 (51.0%) were females. Approximately 30% (n = 75) of the students mentioned vegetables and fruits as healthy foods, while 20.6% (n = 57) of the students were not aware of unhealthy foods. Despite the small number of students knowing that fruits and vegetables are healthy, only 20.2% (n = 51) and 43.5% (n = 110) reported consuming them 7 days a week, respectively. Most of the participants (82.2%, n = 208) were aware of the causes of overweight and obesity, and increasing physical activity (51.8%, n = 131) was the most cited preventive measure. Being in a higher level of study, that is, Form 2 (AOR 9.33, 95% CI: 2.71–32.10) and Form 3 (AOR 5.02, 95% CI: 1.38–18.25) were significantly associated with increased knowledge and practices on prevention of overweight and obesity. Conclusively, knowledge and practices regarding the prevention of obesity and overweight among secondary school adolescents vary significantly. While some aspects showed good knowledge and practices, others were less understood and practiced. This suggests a need for implementing a comprehensive community‐based health education program focusing on adolescents as a window of opportunity for current and future prevention of overweight, obesity, and associated comorbidities.

Introduction: One of the efforts to achieve Indonesia Emas, a vision of a prosperous and developed nation by 2045, is to prevent or eliminate stunting in under‐five children due to its long‐term adverse effects. Given the persistent prevalence of stunting in South Lampung Regency, Indonesia, there is a significant need to identify the influence of mother–child variables. Moreover, comparative studies between agricultural and nonagricultural households on stunting remain underresearched.Methods: An ordinal logistic regression model was applied at a 95% confidence level. The response variables are four levels of stunting under‐fives. The determinant variables tested were from the children’s side (age, gender, and nutritional status), the mother’s side (duration of breastfeeding, age during pregnancy, birth spacing, and livelihood), and household livelihoods (agricultural vs. nonagricultural). Data collection was designed cross‐sectionally and carried out from July to August 2022.Results: The research results showed that the nutritional status and age of the child and maternal factors such as exclusive breastfeeding, age during pregnancy, and birth spacing were determining risk factors (stunting). In particular, children from nonagricultural households show a lower risk of stunting than children from agricultural households.Discussion: The determinants of stunting in under‐five children in South Lampung Regency are significantly influenced by child‐specific factors, maternal conditions, and households with agricultural household livelihoods. To address stunting, it is essential to enhance maternal and child health programs and implement targeted nutritional interventions, particularly for agricultural households with farming fathers. Future research should investigate the impact of agricultural practices on child nutrition and assess the efficacy of interventions across various socioeconomic settings. Longitudinal studies are crucial for evaluating and refining stunting prevention strategies, ultimately contributing to the achievement of Indonesia Emas 2045.

Introduction: In recent years, there has been significant progress in the application of digital technology across various sectors, including health, and research on health technology has become a focal point for many researchers. Nigeria, in particular, has seen a substantial number of studies in this area. This scoping review aims to describe the advancements and current trends in digital health technology (DHT) research in Nigeria.Methodology: The scoping review followed the Arksey and O’Malley methodology and adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA‐ScR) checklist. Using preset key terms related to DHT, literature was identified through searches of PubMed/MEDLINE, Google Scholar, Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ), and African Journals Online (AJOL) databases. The literature was screened based on inclusion and exclusion criteria to select relevant studies. Data from the included literature was extracted into Excel, and descriptive statistics were conducted using IBM SPSS 27.1 and Python 3.12.4.Results: A total of 1840 studies were initially identified through electronic database searches and gray literature. After screening, 230 studies were included in the scoping review. The distribution of publication years increased dramatically from 2010 to 2024, with the lowest in 2012 (0.9%) and the highest in 2022 (15.2%). Most studies were cross‐sectional (36.5%), followed by reviews (27.8%), qualitative studies (13.0%), interventional studies (7.8%), and mixed‐method studies (4.3%). The main categories of health technology discussed included general DHT (25.7%), mobile health (mHealth) (23.9%), eHealth (12.2%), digital devices/tools (10.4%), telemedicine (7.4%), and health information systems (HISs) (6.5%).Conclusion: Since 2010, Nigeria’s health technology research has expanded significantly in different areas. Despite this growth, practical application remains limited. To fully digitize the healthcare system, collaboration among the government, private sector, and stakeholders is essential to fund projects and train leaders for effective integration of health tech solutions in the Nigerian healthcare system.

Objectives Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a growing concern globally, with Bangladesh implementing a National Action Plan (BNAP) to address the issue. This study evaluates the consequences of multi‐sectoral involvement in the BNAP on AMR programs. This is one of the few qualitative studies assessing how coordinated actions across sectors influence the implementation and outcomes of AMR policy in Bangladesh. Methods A qualitative study was conducted using semistructured, pretested questionnaires. Sixteen participants were selected from a comprehensive list of 22 organizations representing four sectors to ensure diverse, informed perspectives aligned with study objectives. Data were analyzed through qualitative and quantitative methods. Results The findings revealed that Bangladesh lacks a specific monitoring body for antibiotic prescriptions, and healthcare professionals often do not adhere to national guidelines. Most healthcare facilities lack infection prevention and control (IPC) protocols, standard operating procedures (SOPs), and monitoring systems. The availability and accessibility of antibiotics, coupled with unregulated distribution by dealers, were identified as primary contributors to AMR. Patients frequently consume antibiotics without consulting qualified doctors. The COVID‐19 pandemic has exacerbated antibiotic misuse, increasing instances of AMR. In the animal sector, antibiotic abuse is similarly alarming. BNAP has prompted the high court to issue a rule restricting antibiotic sales without prescriptions and establishing a national antibiotic surveillance system. Conclusion Multisectoral involvement has strengthened the implementation of BNAP policies on AMR. However, the study highlights the urgent need for an AMR‐specific multisectoral regulatory body to monitor existing facilities and identify antibiotic resistance patterns.

Introduction: Work‐related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) are typical health issues that have considerably caused disability among staff across industrial fields. Although aircraft mechanics and maintenance technicians reported significant workplace injuries, injury risk exposure evaluations of the various tasks in the industry are limited.Objective: The current study determined WMSD or pain prevalence and ergonomic risks faced by military aircraft personnel.Methods: A total of 40 military aircraft maintenance staff from the engineering department were selected according to the simple random sampling method. Data collection method was carried out with a self‐administered questionnaire, Cornell Musculoskeletal Discomfort Questionnaire (CMDQ), while the ergonomic risk factor level was assessed according to the Quick Exposure Check (QEC) method. QEC assessment method was done by both observer and participants. The preliminary action levels for the QEC score were also analysed.Results: Based on the 12‐month WMSDs prevalence, the shoulder and knees (90%, n = 36), lower back (77.5%, n = 31) and neck (70%, n = 28) recorded the highest body discomfort and pain percentages. The QEC results revealed that the engine bay area required immediate changes (red) 72%, while five other sites necessitated prompt alterations (orange) range between 51% and 70%.Conclusion: Military aircraft maintenance personnel, particularly individuals working in the engine bay, are exposed to notable risks of shoulder, wrist, back (static) and neck region injuries, which could affect their well‐being and productivity. Consequently, aviation maintenance personnel should perform routine physical exercises as an alternative to ergonomic interventions.

Teenagers are experiencing a shift in their eating habits toward fast food, which is high in unhealthy fats and carbohydrates and correlates with an increased risk of obesity and hypertension due to its high‐calorie density, large portion sizes, and accessibility. This systematic review compares the evidence on the carbohydrate and fat intakes toward adolescent hypertension. This evidence‐based analysis is based on the Preferred Reporting Item for Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis (PRISMA) 2020 statement. The data were processed qualitatively to assess the risk of bias using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale (NOS) and Agency for Health Research and Quality (AHRQ) standards as the threshold. This review was registered in PROSPERO with the registration number CRD42024599534. Published studies up to March 2024 sourced from PubMed Central, Springer Link, EBSCO Host, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar were used as databases in this study. Nine studies were included in this systematic review. Eight studies (88.9%) showed a relation between carbohydrates and fat intake toward adolescent hypertension. From six studies that mainly discussed comparing carbohydrates and fat intake and the risk of hypertension in adolescents, three out of six studies agreed that the risk of hypertension is more closely associated with higher fat intake than with carbohydrate intake. In summary, both excessive carbohydrate and fat intake are related to the development of hypertension in adolescents, but higher fat intake might show more outcomes in developing hypertension. This study is expected to be a theoretical foundation for future research.

Background: Vitamin D, a fat‐soluble nutrient essential for normal bone development and maintenance, plays a crucial role in the body’s absorption of calcium, magnesium, and phosphate. Recent research has highlighted its significant influence on menstrual health, an area of human well‐being that has often been overlooked.Objective: This review aims to explore the multifaceted role of vitamin D in menstrual health, examining its effects on various aspects of the menstrual cycle, mood regulation, and reproductive health, as well as its involvement in gene pathways and the modulation of stress.Methods: A comprehensive review was conducted using databases such as Ovid Medline, OVID EMBASE, OVID Cochrane Library, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science to identify peer‐reviewed articles published up to 2024. Keywords included “Vitamin D,” “Women’s menstrual phases,” “Menstrual cycle,” “Hormonal regulation,” and “Reproductive health.” Studies were screened and selected based on eligibility criteria, including a focus on the relationship between vitamin D and menstrual phases in women, and were subjected to a quality assessment for methodological rigour. The results show that vitamin D was found to have a significant impact on menstrual health, including the regulation of menstrual cycle phases, alleviation of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) symptoms, reduction of abdominal pain during menstruation, and support for bone health. Additionally, vitamin D exerts anti‐inflammatory effects, promotes cardiovascular health, and has a modulatory influence on stress and mood.Conclusion: This review highlights the pivotal role of vitamin D in women’s reproductive health, highlighting its comprehensive involvement in the menstrual cycle and its potential to enhance overall well‐being. The findings suggest that ensuring adequate vitamin D levels, whether through sunlight exposure, diet, or supplementation, may offer significant benefits for menstrual health and related aspects of women’s health.

Background and Objective: Aging can be described as a gradual decline in physical and mental abilities, accompanied by an increased susceptibility to illnesses and disabilities. This global phenomenon is escalating rapidly. Accurate prediction of future consequences based on identified factors is crucial for clinicians and researchers, particularly in progressive states such as aging. Thus, this study aims to investigate some of the most prevalent psycho‐cognitive factors that may influence elderly individuals’ participation levels, disability status, and duration of physical activity.Methods and Materials: In this correlational study, 150 subjects (87 males and 63 females) were selected through a simple non‐probability sampling method from community‐dwelling older adults in Tehran. Social participation, level of disability, and physical activity duration were evaluated using the CCIQ, the MHAQ, and a qualitative questionnaire, respectively. Anxiety and depression were assessed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and the Geriatric Depression Scale‐15 (GDS‐15), respectively. Cognitive function and balance were examined with the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and the Fullerton Advanced Balance (FAB) scale, respectively.Results: The multiple regression models showed that FAB alone accounted for 13.5%−61.9% of the variance in all three outcomes. MoCA, GDS‐15 and educational level were the second most significant predictorsof participation disability and physical activity time respectively.Conclusion: These results suggest that treatments that target balance, cognitive, and depression states and improve manual function may be particularly important for improving participation, disability state, and physical activity time in community‐dwelling older adults.

Male partner involvement (male partner participation (MPP)) in antenatal care (ANC) is shown to boost ANC attendance and compliance to recommendations, which in turn improves maternal and newborn health outcomes. MPP is still low in Kenya and in sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA) despite this. According to the Kenya Demographic and Health Survey (2014), the MPP rate was 30%. Burundi (18.2%), Senegal (31.8%), and Zimbabwe (32.4%) showed comparable patterns. The purpose of this study was to identify the key factors affecting MPP in ANC visits as well as its prevalence. An analytical cross‐sectional study design was conducted on a sample size of 250 mothers seeking childcare services in Kangundo, Machakos County, and Kenya, from July and August 2023. Participants were selected using systematic random sampling and data was collected using a structured questionnaire. Descriptive analysis was performed on all variables and associations with MPP were examined using the Chi‐square (χ2) test. Logistic regression was used and a step‐wise Akaike information criterion was done to determine the predictors of MPP. The prevalence of MPP in Kangundo was 29%. The significant predictors of MPP were health education (OR = 34.12; 95% CI: 13.36–95.55; p‐value = 0), pregnancy complication (OR = 17.99; 95% CI: 5.62–66.72; p‐value = 0), and the pregnant mothers request for male partner accompaniment to ANC (OR = 7.39, 95% CI: 3.04–19.77). In conclusion, to promote MPP, the study recommends that targeted healthcare education should be prioritized to inform male partners of their role and the importance of participating in ANC. The healthcare system must create an inclusive environment that facilitates MPP rather than relying solely on mothers to encourage their partners.