The global rise of antibiotic-resistant pathogens poses a serious challenge to public health, particularly in the healing of infected chronic wounds. Innovative, safe, and therapeutically adaptive strategies are urgently required to combat antimicrobial resistance (AMR) pathogens. A glucose-oxidase conjugated cerium oxide nanoparticle (CeO2 NPs-GOx)-based nanozyme displaying oxidase-mimetic activity at physiological pH and wound exudate is developed. The conjugate displays potent antibacterial activity and eradication of β-lactamase-producing clinical isolates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) by producing superoxide and hydroxyl radicals in the presence of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and glucose. Microscopic imaging, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release and lipid peroxidation assays revealed compromised bacterial cell wall structure and release of cytoplasmic contents due to the continuous production of free radicals. The in vivo MRSA-infected wound data showed that application of CeO2 NPs-GOx led to infection clearance within a week, as well as better wound closure than vancomycin. Upon CeO2 NPs-GOx treatment, wound tissues undergo enhanced re-epithelialization, collagen deposition, and angiogenesis, while reduced production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β). CeO2 NPs-GOx exposure displayed almost no accumulation rather rapid clearance of nanozymesfrom the body. Overall, this study establishes CeO2 NPs-GOx as an effective antibacterial nanozyme, integrating ATP-assisted oxidase-mimetic activity, exhibiting reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated elimination of MRSA infection from wounds. Thus, the developed novel CeO2 NPs-based nanozyme offers an alternative to antibiotics for clinical translation and effective control of AMR spread.

The sluggish kinetics and insufficient durability of platinum-based catalysts remain crucial barriers limiting proton-exchange-membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) deployment. Here, we report a theory-guided synthesis combined with rare-earth templating to realize a previously inaccessible Pt5Co-like phase with tailored atomic-scale strain. Guided by density functional theory (DFT) calculations, we identified that a Pt5Co-like sublayer can induce a unique mild compressive strain (-1.24%) to the Pt(111) shell and an optimal *OH binding energy shift (ΔE ≈ 0.11 eV). This shift positions the alloy catalyst near the apex of the oxygen reduction reaction activity volcano. This prediction guided the synthesis of ternary alloy Pt5(Ce)Co@Pt multilayer nanoparticles, featuring a Ce-stabilized core, a Pt5Co-like sublayer, and a Pt-rich shell. This catalyst demonstrates both exceptionally high activity and durability, achieving a mass activity of 2.6 A∙mgPt -1 in rotating disk electrode testing. In fuel cell membrane electrode assembly tests, Pt5(Ce)Co@Pt achieves a current density of 1.9 A∙cm-2 at 0.7V under heavy-duty vehicle conditions. Remarkably, it maintains 1.2 A∙cm-2 after 180000 AST cycles, doubling the U.S. DOE 2025 target. This work demonstrates a rational design strategy that DFT-guided strain engineering integrates with rare-earth templating to advance Pt-based catalysts for fuel cell applications.

High power conversion efficiency (PCE) and long-term operational stability are essential prerequisites for the commercialization of organic solar cells (OSCs). Small-molecule acceptors (SMAs) have driven remarkable advances in OSC performance, enabling continuous breakthroughs in device efficiency. However, OSCs based on SMAs generally suffer from poor long-term stability, which severely limits their practical application. This instability primarily originates from the low glass transition temperatures (Tg) of SMAs, resulting in rapid molecular diffusion and aggregation, as well as morphological degradation of the active layer, leading to a subsequent decrease in device performance. Oligomeric small-molecule acceptors (OSMAs) have recently emerged as a promising molecular design strategy to overcome these challenges. OSCs incorporating OSMAs have achieved impressive PCEs approaching 20%, while simultaneously exhibiting outstanding photothermal and mechanical stability. In this perspective, we systematically review recent progress in OSMA-based OSCs and discuss the key factors governing their efficiency and stability, including molecular structure, aggregation behavior, and morphology evolution. Finally, we outline the current challenges and future opportunities for OSMA materials in advancing high-performance and durable OSC technologies.

Understanding and regulating the rate-determining steps (RDSs) of lithium-sulfur batteries (LSBs) is crucial for enhancing their electrochemical performance. Herein, we propose a synergistic strategy that integrates a template sulfur host containing oxygen vacancies with a high-donor-number (high-DN) solvent as an additive of the traditional ether-based electrolyte. The strategy establishes a localized high-DN microenvironment with a significant concentration of trisulfur radicals on the cathode side. Both experiments and calculations confirm that trisulfur radicals serve as key mediators in accelerating the RDS from the intrinsically sluggish quasi-liquid-solid reaction to the more kinetically favorable trisulfur radicals-mediated conversion. Benefiting from the RDS enhancement mediated by trisulfur radicals, the LSB maintains an 85.4% capacity after 500 cycles at 1 C, with an average decay rate of only 0.03% per cycle. In addition, an initial capacity of 659.6 mAh g-1 is achieved at 5 C or 1126.9 mAh g-1 at a high sulfur loading of 4.6mg cm-2. This work presents a novel trisulfur radicals mediated-catalytic mechanism and breaks the limitations of the intrinsic RDS through integration of interface engineering and electrolyte modulation.

Uncontrolled traumatic hemorrhage, often complicated by infection and poor healing, accounts for over 30% of trauma-related deaths worldwide. Injectable hydrogels with robust multi-bond crosslinked networks, integrating fluidity and in situ stability, are promising for efficient hemostasis, but their crosslinkers' relatively single structures limit the multifunctionality required for effective trauma management in resource-scarce environments. Herein, a new class of versatile ε-polylysine grafted manganese dioxide (EPL-g-MnO2) nano-crosslinkers is synthesized to construct an injectable hydrogel (i.e., OSEG hydrogel). Driven by EPL-g-MnO2, OSEG hydrogel rapidly achieves stable wet adhesion and efficient hemostasis in critical injuries (e.g., 24.9 s in a rabbit model of cardiac hemorrhage) via imine, hydrogen, and ionic bonds, which form a robust and multifunctional crosslinked network upon full gelation.In the microenvironment of traumatic wounds, OSEG hydrogel undergoes accelerated degradation to further expose EPL-g-MnO2 and spermidine, thereby providing sufficient antibacterial and pro-healing effects. As a result, OSEG hydrogel achieves a bone volume/total volume 3.3 times that of commercial hemostat SURGIFLO in a rat model of infected cranial defect. This work may inspire the design of advanced injectable hydrogels for synergistic trauma management.

Ice formation poses significant challenges across multiple domains, including biomedicine, food industry, infrastructure, and intelligent sensors, where freezing environments can cause serious functional and safety issues. The development of effective antifreeze materials has become an urgent priority. Nature offers valuable insights in this regard, having evolved diverse psychrotolerant organisms from microorganisms to plants and fish. Within these organisms, key small molecules and macromolecules responsible for cold tolerance have been progressively identified. Inspired by them, recent years have witnessed the design and synthesis of a series of high-performance antifreeze materials through biomanufacturing or chemical synthesis. This review highlights the significant progress in antifreeze materials, tracing their evolution from natural models to rational design systems: (1) natural antifreeze materials and their mechanistic insights, with emphasis on molecular lessons for ice inhibition; (2) biomanufacturing and rational design of antifreeze proteins based on emerging structure-activity relationships; (3) nature-inspired synthetic antifreeze materials, such as polymers, hydrogels, and elastomers; and (4) key applications in cryopreservation, food preservation, anti-icing coatings, and freezing-tolerant flexible sensors. While promising advances have been made, this review also addresses persistent challenges in translating these laboratory innovations into scalable applications.

The practical implementation of two-dimensional (2D) transistors is fundamentally limited by the lack of gate dielectrics that can simultaneously deliver a high dielectric constant, a wide bandgap, strong breakdown strength, and long-term environmental stability-an often-overlooked yet critical requirement for reliable device integration. Here, we report 2D single-crystalline TbOCl nanosheets as gate dielectrics that uniquely reconcile these competing demands. TbOCl exhibits a high dielectric constant (12.5), an ultrawide bandgap (∼6.6eV), and a high breakdown field (11.9 MV cm-1). MoS2 field-effect transistors (FETs) gated by TbOCl exhibit excellent electrostatic control, yielding a near-ideal subthreshold swing of 72mV dec-1, a small hysteresis of only 8mV, and an ultra-low gate leakage current of ∼10-13 A. Notably, TbOCl-based devices maintain ultrastable electrical performance after more than 9 months of ambient storage with negligible performance degradation. The superior stability originates from an intrinsic dual-antioxidation mechanism that effectively suppresses oxidative degradation of the dielectric. Furthermore, logic inverters fabricated with TbOCl gate dielectrics exhibit fast switching behavior, with rise and fall times of 80 and 16 µs, respectively. Together, these results establish TbOCl as a stable, high-performance 2D dielectric platform, offering a viable pathway toward reliable 2D electronic devices.

Two-dimensional (2D) indium selenide (InSe) has attracted considerable interest due to its superior ballistic transport properties, superplasticity, and thermoelectric properties. Ferroelectricity and a variety of other intriguing physical characteristics. These arise from its van der Waals (vdW) layered structure, interlayer coupling, and intralayer interactions. The vibrational modes of 2D InSe are highly sensitive to thickness. The phase transitions in 2D materials, which are critical to their properties and applications, are closely related to interlayer and intralayer vibrations. However, the effect of the thickness on these vibrational behaviors during phase transitions remains insufficiently understood. In this study, we investigate the Raman spectra of β-InSe with layer numbers (LN) ranging from 4 to 33 under high pressure and construct a pressure LN phase diagram. Unexpectedly, due to the quantum confinement and defect effects, InSe flakes with fewer layers require more energy to undergo phase transitions which is confirmed by PL experiments and DFT calculations, irrespective of whether pressure is being increased or decreased. This research establishes a solid foundation for exploring and characterizing interlayer and intralayer lattice dynamics through pressure engineering in vdW materials.

Constructing robust nanofibrillar networks in layer-by-layer (LbL) organic solar cells (OSCs) is challenging since small-molecule acceptors lack polymer-like interlocking capabilities. Herein, we propose a topology-driven strategy using bulky siloxane-terminated side chains to induce fibrillation. We synthesized asymmetric acceptors BTP-2Ph and BTP-3Ph by substituting one alkyl chain of L8-BO with diphenylmethylsilyl and triphenylsilyl groups, respectively. We reveal a size-dependent competition between steric hindrance and intermolecular interlocking. The bulkier triphenylsilyl group in BTP-3Ph provides strong interlocking that overrides steric-induced crystallinity loss, driving the formation of an interconnected acceptor nanofibrillar network. This creates an ideal dual-fiber morphology with the D18 donor. Consequently, the D18/BTP-3Ph device achieves an impressive 20.31% efficiency, significantly outperforming L8-BO (19.28%). Crucially, this physically interlocked framework kinetically freezes the optimal phase separation, enabling excellent operational stability with 85% initial efficiency retention after 650 h of continuous one-sun illumination.