[This retracts the article doi: 10.1590/ACB360802].

To evaluate bone health in obese patients undergoing surgery using the Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) technique. In a sample of 22 obese patients undergoing RYGB surgery, evaluation of bone densitometry (BD) and plasma levels of calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, vitamin D (VITD), parathyroid hormone (PTH), alkaline phosphatase, and albumin was performed. Signs of potential changes in calcification were detected in plasma tests, expressed as a decrease in VITD (46.4%) and an increase in PTH (50%). Three patients presented with bone framework damage. BD was unequivocally altered in three patients. A decrease in bone density was observed in 14 and 15 patients in the lumbar and femoral regions, respectively. Although PTH and VITD dosages did not show a direct correlation with BD, it was observed that approximately half of the patients had altered dosages of these hormones up to five years after surgery, and there was damage to the bone health expressed by BD. Loss to follow-up may have contributed to the increased risk of developing metabolic bone disease.

To determine whether pinocembrin (PC) confers protective effects against experimentally induced intestinal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in rats. Thirty Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into three groups (n = 10 each): sham (underwent laparotomy only); I/R (superior mesenteric artery occlusion for 60 min followed by 60 min reperfusion); and I/R + PC (5 mg/kg PC intraperitoneally before ischemia and again prior to reperfusion). Total antioxidant capacity (TAC), total oxidant status (TOS), and oxidative stress index (OSI) were measured in both plasma and intestinal tissue. Histopathological evaluation was performed using hematoxylin and eosin staining and a modified Chiu scoring system. Although TAC values did not show significant intergroup differences (p > 0.05), TOS and OSI values were significantly lower in the I/R + PC group than in the I/R group (p < 0.05). Histologically, the I/R + PC group displayed noticeably reduced mucosal damage compared to the untreated I/R group. These results suggest that PC alleviates oxidative stress and improves histological outcomes in intestinal I/R. PC exhibits a protective effect against intestinal I/R injury by decreasing oxidative stress and preserving tissue architecture. Further studies are warranted to optimize PC's dosing, timing, and mechanistic actions for clinical application.

To evaluate proteins from Plumeria pudica latex (LPPp) for their protective effect against ethanol-induced gastric injury in mice. The LPPp fraction was obtained by collecting P. pudica latex in tubes containing distilled water, followed by centrifugation and dialysis. The female Swiss mice (Mus musculus) received saline or LPPp (40 mg/kg) intraperitoneally 1 hour before oral administration of 500 μL of 50% ethanol. One hour later, the animals were euthanized, and their stomachs were removed for evaluation of tissue lesion area, histopathological analysis, and measurements of malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and nitrate/nitrite (NO3/NO2). An independent experiment assessed the effect of LPPp on gastric mucus production. The LPPp-treated animals showed a significant reduction in the mean injured areas of gastric tissue (0.73 ± 1.01 mm2) compared to the ethanol group (37.99 ± 3.11 mm2). Histopathological analysis revealed significant preservation of tissue architecture in the LPPp group compared to ethanol group. Additionally, LPPp maintained tissue levels of MDA, GSH, SOD, and NO3/NO2 comparable to the saline group and influenced gastric mucus production favorably (p < 0.05). These results suggested that LPPp has a protective effect against ethanol-induced gastric lesions, likely involving antioxidant activity and increased gastric mucus production.

To mitigate ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) triggered in solid organ transplant procedures, we aimed to evaluate the effects of multi-organ abdominal ischemic preconditioning (MAIP) in the context of renal IRI. An experimental kidney transplant model was conducted. Rats were divided into three groups: an intervention free basal group from which physiological data was collected; a control group (CT), which consisted of transplanted animals without MAIP; and a treated group, in which a MAIP protocol was implemented in the donor during the procurement of the left kidney, monitoring the recipient for 24 hours. Urea, creatinine, and lactate dehydrogenase, as well as histopathological analysis (Banff: CT 1,66 ± 0,57 vs. basal 0, and MAIP 1), showed a clear trend in favor of MAIP group. Similar results were observed for tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6 and CXCL10, as well as indicators of oxidative stress, with statistically significant levels for CXCL10 [0,295 ± 0,0074 arbitrary units (AU) CT and 0,0057 ± 0,0065 AU MAIP] and TBARS (2,93 ± 0,08 nmol/μg CT; and 2,49 ± 0,23 nmol/μg MAIP; p 0.05). The findings indicated that the MAIP exerts a protective influence on the transplanted kidneys, functioning as an IRI-protective strategy and enhancing the parameters associated with renal graft functionality.

To determine if endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) should be performed with surgery or as a different step, on acute cholecystitis, and which strategy has the least complications and morbimortality. Various databases (PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, Science Direct, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, CINAHL, Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature, clinical trials, Google Scholar) were searched for randomized trials comparing the different timings for ERCP and cholecystectomy. No language or time restrictions were applied. Risk of bias was assessed with RoB 2.0 (Cochrane's Risk of Bias 2), and evidence certainty evaluated using Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation. Data synthesis used R-4.1.0 Project for Statistical Computing for Windows, with meta-analysis via fixed-effects model and I2 for heterogeneity. Eleven studies was used, and meta-analysis was performed independently for each outcome. Different outcomes were evaluated, with preoperative ERCP as an intervention and intraoperative ERCP as the control: length of stays (four trials with mean differences - MD = -1.44; 95% confidence interval - 95%CI -3,87-0,98); bile leak (odds ratio - OR = 0.67; 95%CI 0.11-4.09); cholangitis (OR = 1.32; 95%CI 0.29-5.98); bleeding from sphincterotomy (OR = 0.98; 95%CI 0.20-4.86); wound infection (OR = 0.33; 95%CI 0.04-3.14); incisional bleeding (OR = 0.5; 95%CI 0.04-5.70); elevated amylase activity (OR = 5.22; 95%CI 2.17-12.59); acute pancreatitis (OR = 4.61; 95%CI 1.72-12.38); operative time (MD = -6,26; 95%CI -37.24-24.73); failure rate (OR = 1.74; 95%CI 0.99-3.05); conversion (OR = 1.34; 95%CI 0.6-2.96); morbidity (OR = 2.75; 95%CI 1.7-4.47). Risk of bias was significant due to lack of blindness. The morbidity, pancreatitis, and elevated amylase activity outcomes were the only ones to find statistical significance and favored the intraoperative approach.

To evaluate the effect of curcumin administered by gavage, on reducing intra-abdominal adhesions and attenuating the inflammatory process, assessed by a serum marker. Forty Wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups: the curcumin group, and the control group. The curcumin group received curcumin by gavage at the dose of 200 mg/kg over the seven days preceding and the seven days following surgery. In the control group, an isovolumetric administration of 0.9% saline solution was given by gavage. Both groups underwent a median laparotomy and left-sided colotomy. On the eighth postoperative day, the animals were euthanized for intracavitary adhesion analysis and left colon resection for histological examination. Intra-abdominal adhesions were classified from grade 0 to 4 based on increases in number, intensity, and ease of lysis. Curcumin administration did not significantly reduce the severity of intra-abdominal adhesions (p = 0.7143) nor the severity of colonic inflammatory infiltration. However, a significant reduction in C-reactive protein levels was observed preoperatively in the curcumin group (p 0.05). While curcumin was not able to reduce the severity of intra-abdominal adhesions, it demonstrated the ability to attenuate the inflammatory process associated with the surgical procedure.

To develop an experimental model of microsurgical scalp reimplantation in rabbits. Ten male albino New Zealand rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) were scalped and subjected to scalp reimplantation. The rabbits' scalp regions, including their ears, were surgically amputated. Based on a previous anatomical study, the superficial temporal artery and the central auricular vein were chosen for microanastomosis. Data on the morphometric parameters (vessel weight and caliber), surgical procedure (surgical time and number of stitches), and surgical recovery parameters (venous return, patency, and necrosis) were collected for up to 30 days postoperatively (PO) using a research protocol. Morphometric and surgical recovery parameters did not significantly differ in our sample. No animals died during the intraoperative period. Three animals were euthanized because they developed partial or total scalp necrosis. The venous return was impaired from three to ten days PO, with spontaneous regression after this period, which significantly improved (p = 0.02) after 14 days PO. Superficial necrosis was observed starting at two days PO with complete resolution by day 21 PO (p <0.01). The rabbit provides a realistic biological model for training scalp reimplantation with high fidelity to human vascular structures.

To create tridimensional (3D) anatomical models of diaphyseal fractures in dogs (3D AMDFD) and to evaluate the models from their radiographs. The study consisted of six stages: preparation of femur from a healthy dog cadaver; digitalization of the bone through a 3D scanner and creation of the base model; creation of a 3D AMDFD based on the image of the base model, 3D modeling carried out to reproduce five different types of diaphyseal fractures; printing the models produced on a 3D printer with a thermoplastic material; insertion of neodymium magnets in the fracture line to allow the assembly and disassembly of the parts; and radiography of 3D AMDFD in lateromedial and craniocaudal positions. The base model and 3D AMDFD had high precision in the replication of bone structures, like the bone in natura. The radiopacity and radiolucency of the 3D AMDFD did not necessarily correspond to the bone densities found in the radiography of the natural canine femur. The 3D AMDFD and their respective radiographs accurately reproduced the anatomical structures and fracture lines.

To evaluate whether enemas containing sucralfate (SCF) alone or in combination with n-acetylcysteine (NAC) reduces inflammation and oxidative stress (OS) in the colonic mucosa without fecal stream. Forty-eight rats were subjected to left colostomy and distal rectal mucous fistula. During the procedure, 2 cm of the colon was collected to constitute the sham group. Twelve weeks after the surgical procedure, the animals were divided into two groups (n = 24) and received daily enemas containing saline, SCF (2 g/kg), NAC (100 mg/kg), or SCF + NAC (2 g/kg + 100 mg/kg, respectively) for two or four weeks. At the end of the intervention period, the animals were euthanized, and colonic segments without fecal stream were removed for histological and biochemical analyses. The diagnosis of colitis was made by histological analysis, and the inflammatory score was assessed using a validated scale. The neutrophilic infiltrate was evaluated by quantifying the content of myeloperoxidase (MPO) in the tissue. OS was determined by evaluating the activity of colonic antioxidant systems (superoxide dismutase, catalase, and reduced glutathione) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. The differences among subgroups were analyzed with the Mann-Whitney's test, whereas changes over time were analyzed via the Kruskal-Wallis' test, with the significance level of 5% (p < 0.05). Enemas with SCF and NAC alone or in combination reduced colonic inflammation and the tissue levels of MPO and MDA and increased the levels of antioxidant enzymes. SCF and NAC enemas alone or in combination reduced inflammation activity and OS in colon segments without fecal stream.