Early childhood caries (ECC) is a global public health issue that is present worldwide and its effects have a significant impact on the overall health and quality of life. Atraumatic restorative treatment (ART) is a low-cost alternative to increase the accessibility of restorative treatment in these children. Conventionally glass ionomer cement (GIC) has been used in ART. Off late Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) is widely used in management of carious lesion.

Introduction. The most commonly used lavage solution for periodontal irrigation are diluted antiseptic solutions, the most important of them, is chlorhexidine solution. The ability of chlorhexidine to be fixed for periods of time of 8 hours on the surface of the tooth is among the main characteristics of the mechanism of action of this solution. Aim of the study. The aim of this study is to reveal the latest news about the indications for the application of chlorhexidine in cases of periodontal pathologies. Material and Methods. The electronic search to complete the purpose of the study was carried out on PubMed website for the last 3-year period, using the selected key words. Results. Based on the analysis of 32 articles extracted from the literature, from the combination of the key words chlorhexidine and endodontics and periodontics, not antibiotics, not probiotics, it was noticed that only 1 article was not included in the scope of our study. Conclusions. For chlorhexidine as a periodontal solution, the effects are known mainly in the control of bacterial plaque, but it is believed that new ways or different systems of its release should be found to express the periodontal effect. The side effects of chlorhexidine as a periodontal irrigating solution are better known, but in the processed data no concrete conclusions emerge as to which concentration of chlorhexidine would be the most indicated for specific periodontal diagnoses. Keywords: antibiotics, probiotics, chlorhexidine, non-surgical treatment, indications, endodontic lavage solution, persistent apical periodontitis

Introduction. The most commonly used lavage solution for periodontal irrigation are diluted antiseptic solutions, the most important of them, is chlorhexidine solution. The ability of chlorhexidine to be fixed for periods of time of 8 hours on the surface of the tooth is among the main characteristics of the mechanism of action of this solution. Aim of the study. The aim of this study is to reveal the latest news about the indications for the application of chlorhexidine in cases of periodontal pathologies. Material and Methods. The electronic search to complete the purpose of the study was carried out on PubMed website for the last 3-year period, using the selected key words. Results. Based on the analysis of 32 articles extracted from the literature, from the combination of the key words chlorhexidine and endodontics and periodontics, not antibiotics, not probiotics, it was noticed that only 1 article was not included in the scope of our study. Conclusions. For chlorhexidine as a periodontal solution, the effects are known mainly in the control of bacterial plaque, but it is believed that new ways or different systems of its release should be found to express the periodontal effect. The side effects of chlorhexidine as a periodontal irrigating solution are better known, but in the processed data no concrete conclusions emerge as to which concentration of chlorhexidine would be the most indicated for specific periodontal diagnoses. Keywords: antibiotics, probiotics, chlorhexidine, non-surgical treatment, indications, endodontic lavage solution, persistent apical periodontitis

Introduction: The microbial flora in children's oral cavities is diverse, with Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) and Lactobacillus playing key roles in the development of dental caries and periodontal inflammation. Resin restorations, commonly used for carious lesions, may lead to secondary decay and complications over time, making dental crowns a preferred option in pediatric dentistry. Metal crowns are effective for multiple surface lesions, while zirconium crowns offer superior aesthetics and biocompatibility. However, crown placement can promote bacterial adhesion, particularly by S. Mutans on enamel and cementum, and Lactobacillus on dentin, potentially affecting long-term restoration success. Bacterial adhesion can be assessed through plaque samples to evaluate restoration durability. Aim of the study: The purpose of the study is to evaluate the microbial adhesion of S. mutans and Lactobacillus on pedodontic crown surfaces. Material and methods: 60 patients with metal and zirconium pedodontic crowns were included in the study. We analyzed the bacterial load with KariesScreenTests. Conclusion: Metal pedodontic crowns have higher microbial adhesion, with S. mutans outnumbering Lactobacillus. Zirconium crowns show lower microbial adhesion, with fewer bacteria overall. S. mutans is present in higher quantities than Lactobacillus, but still less than in metal crowns. Zirconium crowns are a better option for restoring primary teeth, as they reduce plaque buildup and bacterial growth, offering improved long-term oral health benefits. Keywords: pedodontic crowns, bacterial adhesion, KariesScreenTest.

Introduction: The microbial flora in children's oral cavities is diverse, with Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) and Lactobacillus playing key roles in the development of dental caries and periodontal inflammation. Resin restorations, commonly used for carious lesions, may lead to secondary decay and complications over time, making dental crowns a preferred option in pediatric dentistry. Metal crowns are effective for multiple surface lesions, while zirconium crowns offer superior aesthetics and biocompatibility. However, crown placement can promote bacterial adhesion, particularly by S. Mutans on enamel and cementum, and Lactobacillus on dentin, potentially affecting long-term restoration success. Bacterial adhesion can be assessed through plaque samples to evaluate restoration durability. Aim of the study: The purpose of the study is to evaluate the microbial adhesion of S. mutans and Lactobacillus on pedodontic crown surfaces. Material and methods: 60 patients with metal and zirconium pedodontic crowns were included in the study. We analyzed the bacterial load with KariesScreenTests. Conclusion: Metal pedodontic crowns have higher microbial adhesion, with S. mutans outnumbering Lactobacillus. Zirconium crowns show lower microbial adhesion, with fewer bacteria overall. S. mutans is present in higher quantities than Lactobacillus, but still less than in metal crowns. Zirconium crowns are a better option for restoring primary teeth, as they reduce plaque buildup and bacterial growth, offering improved long-term oral health benefits. Keywords: pedodontic crowns, bacterial adhesion, KariesScreenTest.

Reconstruction of postsurgical wounds, especially in the maxillofacial area, remains a difficult step for the patient´s management. In some cases, surgical reconstruction is not an option, because of various reasons, that is why for these particular cases other alternatives should be considered. Anaplastology is the medical branch that offers the possibility of reshaping the entire facial aspect. We present the case of a 54-year-old patient who lost the left eyeball due to childhood retinoblastoma surgery. Surgical reconstruction was not performed, primarily due to socioeconomic deficiencies. The stepwise method used to create an epithesis that would restore the facial symmetry is thoroughly explained. After taking the impression of the area and creating a model on the spot, successive steps followed, including eyeball creation. The purpose of this difficult procedure was to ensure the social reintegration of the patient, after years of struggling with depression. The outcome was excellent, obtaining a precise epithesis with limited resources.

Introduction: Aesthetics plays a vital role in the treatment of completely edentulous patients. Modern prosthodontics goes beyond merely replacing missing teeth, with a strong focus on improving facial aesthetics. One of the significant concerns is the loss of support to the facial musculature, leading to sunken cheeks due to flaccid facial muscles. This change in facial appearance not only affects the aesthetics but also impacts the psychological well-being of the patient. Cheek plumper appliances are designed to provide additional support to weakened facial musculature, thereby restoring facial contours and enhancing overall aesthetics. Case Presentation: A partially edentulous patient with pronounced sunken cheeks due to the loss of facial muscle support was presented. A detachable acrylic cheek plumper appliance was fabricated to address these issues. The appliance was designed with push-button attachments, which were selected due to their durability compared to magnetic attachments, which lose their magnetic properties over time. The appliance was designed and fitted to offer adequate support and improve the patient's facial aesthetics. Discussion: Cheek plumper appliances are an effective solution for restoring facial aesthetics in edentulous patients with sunken cheeks. Traditional attachments such as magnets have been commonly used, but they tend to lose their magnetic strength over time, leading to appliance failure. In contrast, push-button attachments have been shown to offer better durability and longevity, making them a more reliable option. This report highlights how push-button attachments help cheek plumper offer reliable support and better facial aesthetics. Conclusions: Detachable acrylic cheek plumper appliances utilizing push-button attachments provide a reliable and long-lasting approach to restoring facial esthetics in completely edentulous patients. This technique provides lasting support for sunken cheeks, improving both facial aesthetics and psychological well-being. Keywords: Facial Esthetics, Sunken Cheeks, Detachable cheek-plumper, Cheek lifting appliance, push-button.

Introduction: The three-dimensional and hermetic obturation of the root canal is considered a fundamental element for successful root canal treatment. Aim of the study: This study aimed to compare the effects of different NiTi file systems and canal obturation techniques on the amount of root canal filling. Material and Methods: A total of 80 standardized transparent acrylic blocks (TABs) with canals of 17 mm length, a constant taper of 2%, and a curvature of 30 degrees were used. The canals were shaped using 4 different NiTi file systems [ProTaper Next (PTN), ProTaper Ultimate (PTU), VDW Rotate (VR), and XP-Endo Shaper (XPS)], with 20 samples per system. After shaping, TABs were weighed 3 times using a precision scale, and the averages were recorded. They were then randomly divided into 2 subgroups [Single Cone (SC) and Continuous Wave Compaction (CWC)], and canal obturation procedures were performed. After obturation, TABs were again weighed 3 times on a precision scale, averages were recorded, and weight differences were calculated. Statistical analyses included the Shapiro-Wilk test, one-way ANOVA, and Tukey HSD post-hoc tests. Results: Statistically significant differences were found among all groups (P 0.05). The PTU-CWC group exhibited the highest filling amount (0.0248 ± 0.0032), while the lowest filling amount was observed in the XPS-SC group (0.0083 ± 0.0027). Among SC groups, VR-SC showed the highest filling amount and XPS-SC the lowest. Within CWC groups, the PTU-CWC group had significantly higher filling amounts compared to the other groups, while no significant differences were found among the PTN, VR, and XPS groups. Conclusions: The findings of this study indicate that the amount of root canal filling significantly varies depending on the NiTi file system and obturation technique used. Thermoplastic techniques generally produced similar results; however, the PTU system provided significantly greater filling amounts. In SC techniques, the VR system exhibited the highest, and the XPS system showed the lowest filling effectiveness. Keywords: Root canal treatment, endodontic files, root canal obturation, gutta-percha, NiTi rotary systems.

Introduction: Periodontal disease has become a global health concern, affecting 20-50% of the population and negatively affecting the patient's quality of life by compromising function and aesthetics through rapid tooth loss. The implant prosthetic all on six concept offers a promising solution for rehabilitating these patients with fixed restorations immediately after tooth extractions. Case Presentation: Our manuscript presents two maxillary full-arch rehabilitation cases using the all on six concept. Both patients (female and male, 45 and 49 years) with chronic periodontal disease background were treated similarly: clinical and radiological examination; diagnosis; Cone bean-computed tomography examination for accurate treatment planning; extractions of all the maxillary teeth with pathological mobility; immediate implant placement (six implants) with a torque at least 35 N/cm; attachment of straight and angulated multiunit abutments torqued with 25 N/cm; PMMA provisional restorations (facilitated by enhanced primary stability); control radiographs after the osseointegration period (six months), and the realization of the screw-retained final restorations (zirconia-ceramics in case of the female patient and metal ceramics for the male patient); occlusal adjustments; periodic follow-up. Conclusions: Post-extraction implant placement and temporary restorations inserted in both full-arch rehabilitation cases improved masticatory function and enhanced physical appearance, increasing the quality of life. Achieving well-adapted and integrated prosthetic works requires thorough analysis and design. The all on six systems are a reliable alternative for complete dentures. Keywords: all-on-six, implant-prosthetic, zirconia ceramics, metal ceramics, titanium

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