Accurate, precise, current and complete information about national mortality is necessary for planning, determining health priorities, distributing services, allocating budgets and delivering equitable healthcare services.Despite World Health Organisation guidelines, errors in death certificates (DC) have been observed in all regions and are very common.Many studies have pointed to various error types during death certification, focusing on the presence or absence of certain specific entities.Although there are many ways to stratify the errors, they are generally categorised into major and minor.Major errors refer to errors that seriously impact the selection and classification of the underlying cause of death (UCD) (misclassification and definition of UCD, improper sequencing, mechanism of death without data of UCD, multiple and independent causes of death, insufficiently specific cause of death).In contrast, the minor errors have little impact on the classification of UCD (absence of time interval, abbreviations, specifying other significant conditions (comorbidities), more than one diagnosis on a line in Part I of DC, illegible handwriting).Completing the DC is an essential skill that physicians should possess.The key to reducing these errors lies in continuous training based on international guidelines, underlining the importance of ongoing education in this field.

by Bojan Vukovi, with contributions of co-authors Bratislav Vasiljevi, and Petar Vesovi, published in Volume 64,

Occupational skin diseases are changes in the skin and its adnexa which occur under the influence of various exogenous and endogenous factors.They can be caused by irritants or allergens (irritant or allergic contact dermatitis).To examine the impact of the work environment and occupational hazards concerning the occurrence of Occupational Allergic Contact Dermatitis (OACD), a study on workers in the rubber and construction industries diagnosed with contact dermatitis (CD) was conducted.The structure of the workers was presented according to sex, place of residence, age, qualifications, years of service, type of allergen and work position.The importance of medical, occupational, and social rehabilitation was emphasized, as well as prevention measures (professional orientation, education and health education of the workers).The following conclusion was reached-in the construction industry, men are more frequently affected and there is a higher risk of OACD, although a longer time of exposure is required.The causing allergens are varied.It is imperative to register those affected by the disease and to undertake the corresponding measures of treatment and prevention.

In traditional medicine, clary sage (Salvia sclarea L.) is known as an aromatic and medicinal plant used in the treatment of respiratory, digestive, and menstrual issues, as well as various inflammatory processes such as gingivitis, stomatitis, canker sores, and arthritis.This study examined the antioxidant, antimicrobial, and spasmolytic effects of the hydroethanolic extracts from the aerial parts of S. sclarea collected in Mala, near Ni, Serbia.Two extracts were prepared using the digestion method with 80% and 60% ethanol (HE80D and HE60D, respectively).The extracts were chemically characterized, revealing significant amounts of phenolic compounds, with rosmarinic acid being the most dominant.The tested extracts showed considerable antioxidant potentials in the 2,2diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and -carotene/linoleic acid systems.The results indicated that the extracts were particularly effective as antilipoperoxidant agents.The most pronounced antimicrobial effects of the extracts were observed against Staphylococcus aureus, with moderate effects against Bacillus cereus and Listeria monocytogenes.The extracts demonstrated significant inhibition of rat ileum spontaneous smooth muscle contractions.At the maximum concentration of 1.5 mg/ml, the HE80D and HE60D extracts reduced ileum contractions by 40.45 2.06% and 40.60 1.22%, respectively.Further research on S. sclarea extracts should be directed towards more detailed in vivo and clinical studies to assess their potential use in rational phytotherapy.

Hospital (nosocomial, hospital-acquired) infections represent the greatest health challenge in more developed countries worldwide.Infections caused by the bacterium Clostridium difficile have been a serious medical problem for years.Despite the constant progress and improvement of diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, they still represent one of the most frequent and most severe hospital-acquired infections, and their incidence rate, mortality rate, as well as severity of their clinical picture are all on the rise.This paper aimed to analyse the epidemiological situation surrounding hospitalacquired infections caused by the bacterium Clostridium difficile at the University Clinical Centre of Ni between 2015 and 2019.In this study, Clostridium difficile was the most frequent cause of hospital-acquired gastrointestinal infections and was identified in as many as 48% of the studied samples.Preventive measures to control the spread of Clostridium difficile in a hospital environment are based on identifying transmission routes.In 1995, the first prevention and control guidelines were issued, while the Center for Disease Control and Prevention in Atlanta (CDC) modified the guidelines to control the spread of Clostridium difficile in health facilities, which were re-evaluated in 2005, while hygiene guidelines following contact with a patient infected with Clostridium difficile were added.The European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) published a new set of guidelines in 2008, while the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America (SHEA) and the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) published the most recent set of guidelines in 2010.A comprehensive examination into the interplay of different aspects of important factors dealing with C. difficile would provide a more detailed understanding of the various factors that could inform academics and practitioners and improve theoretical knowledge and actual practices in this really important area of public health.In that sense, the study of potential and significant factors which could have a significant impact on the health of the population, especially illnesses caused by the bacterium C. difficile in a hospital environment, should be an imperative in the scientific and professional sphere.

The gold standard for the treatment of advanced coxarthrosis is the installation of a total hip endoprosthesis.Degenerative hip disease occurs bilaterally in about 42%.The operation is usually performed first on one hip, and after at least 6 months on the other hip.Rarely, this operation is performed simultaneously on both hips, which represents a more demanding operation as well as rehabilitation.This paper is a case report of a patient with good results of functional recovery after bilateral simultaneous hip arthroplasty, who was followed prospectively from the 5 th postoperative day until the end of the 3 rd .monthafter surgery.The patient suffered from secondary bilateral coxarthrosis, which is the result of a developmental disorder of the hips.The good recovery results of this patient with simultaneous bilateral hip arthroplasty can be explained by the selection of a good patient selection for simultaneous bilateral arthroplasty, well-chosen endoprostheses, welldone surgery and timely and adequate rehabilitation.