Abstract Our current understanding of the Bell Beaker complex is based on sites in the area of Budapest and a few in the territory of today's Western Hungary and Eastern Austria. This study presents a reassessment of the related sites in Vas County: Bucsu–Hosszú-Aszú-dűlő, Csepreg, Szombathely–Zanat, and Vát–Rátka-patak keleti oldala [‘the eastern bank of Rátka Stream’], and includes a detailed discussion of the find material and features excavated in 2004 at the multi-period site of Bucsu–Hosszú-Aszú-dűlő (by the state border between Hungary and Austria). The discovered features include the remains of boat-shaped and rectangular buildings of the Early Bronze Age (EBA) Bell Beaker complex, as well as pits assigned to the preceding Baden-Kostolac and the Late Bronze Age (LBA) Urnfield cultures. Based on radiocarbon data obtained from House 6, the settlement was inhabited around 2500–2300 BC, which corresponds to the Rei Bz A0 phase and the early or early classical phase of the Bell Beaker phenomenon in Austria, as well as the middle of the EBA I and II in Hungary. Accepting this dating would mean that the Bell Beaker phenomenon had disappeared in the region in focus by 2300 BC (if it ever gained ground there at all), while it remained popular in the central part of today's Hungary (e.g. Albertfalva, Budapest–Békásmegyer, Szigetszentmiklós) until the Rei Bz A1 phase.

Abstract The present study describes and reconstructs the architecture of Bronze Age Houses G and H from Borsodivánka-Marhajárás-Nagyhalom, Northeastern Hungary. The site was investigated in the frame of the Borsod Region Bronze Age Settlement (BORBAS) project. Beyond the information on these two buildings derived from the excavation, we will also incorporate the results of scientific studies, micromorphology and phytoliths analysis conducted on the architectural remains and vernacular architectural parallels. Due to the tell character of the site and the burnt condition of the investigated layer, inner divisions, wall decoration made from daub and some other important architectural elements were preserved in situ and form the basis of the reconstruction.

Abstract This paper provides an overview and a complex analysis of the numerous and varied hearths found during excavations at the multi-component site of Toboliu. The discussion focuses on the structural and technical characteristics of these fire installations, as well as on their find contexts. The forms, construction methods, and materials of the hearths will be discussed, as is their location. As hearths were the focal points of the household, playing a key role in the daily life of past societies, it is hoped that through this overview of fire installations in Toboliu we can contribute to a better understanding of household life and activity at this complex site.

Abstract In the Bronze Age Ottományi/Otomani tell-type settlements, we can examine the building solutions of several centuries. In my paper, I would like to review the buildings excavated in the Bronze Age tell-type settlement of Bakonszeg-Kádárdomb, based on the different solutions used in their construction. My work is based on the drawings and diaries of an excavation carried out by Márta Sz. Máthé in 1974. Despite the small size of the 5 × 5 m trench, it provides a lot of valuable information about the different construction techniques. The wall structures and floors of the buildings were constructed using several different methods. My aim is to evaluate the data within a coherent framework in order to obtain a more complete picture of the interior of Bronze Age settlements. At the same time, I would like to try reconstructing the buildings excavated at different levels of the tell settlement on the basis of ethnographic examples and archaeological data.

Abstract The objective of this paper is to enhance our understanding on the Upper Palaeolithic chronology and archaeological taxonomy of the Carpathian Basin based on the sites of the Dunazug Mountains (Western Hungary, Transdanubia). At the onset of the 20th century, both the cave and open-air sites of the region were attributed to the ‘Magdalenian’ corresponding to the late Pleistocene. From the 1960's the lithic assemblages of the cave sites were grouped together under the term ‘Pilisszántó culture’ which encompassed Late Glacial industries in Hungary. Following the abandonment of the term ‘Pilisszántó culture’, both the cave sites and the open-air Pilismarót site cluster were integrated into the Epigravettian phase. As a result, the sites in the Dunazug Mountains were not only considered contemporaneous but also thought to be integral components of the same hunter-gatherer annual cycle. This conclusion was drawn from the presumed similarities in the lithic industries and the observed differences in the faunal remains. To test this hypothesis, we analyzed the lithic assemblage from Kiskevély Cave near Csobánka. Our study revealed that the tool types from the cave differ from those previously published from open-air sites. The high proportion of armatures, characteristic of the Late Gravettian in Eastern Central Europe, indicates that the site was occupied by hunter-gatherers prior to the Last Glacial Maximum. These findings suggest that the area was not exclusively inhabited by Epigravettian groups, suggesting a more complex pattern of hunter-gatherer presence and landscape use in the region during the Upper Palaeolithic.

Abstract The research of the Hajdúbagos–Cehăluț pottery tradition which emerged during the Koszider period and can be traced through the first two phases of the Late Bronze Age dates back to the early 20th century. However, despite sporadic periods of focused study, it remained largely under-researched until the turn of the millennium, particularly within its modern-day Hungarian territory. Various terms have been used to describe this ceramic style, including the Hajdúbagos group, Cehăluț or Pișcolt–Cehăluț cultural group, Hajdúbagos/Cehăluț, Hajdúbagos/Pișcolt–Cehăluț, Hajdúbagos–Cehăluț, and Cehăluț–Hajdúbagos.In our study, we present the research history of the Hajdúbagos–Cehăluț ceramic tradition and provide an overview of the current state of research through a comprehensive site catalogue.

Abstract During the Late Bronze Age and Early Iron Age, hillforts of various sizes and topographic features appeared in the mountainous areas of Northern Hungary. The difficult accessibility and the forest environment make research on the sites a complex task, therefore little is known about the internal layout of the settlements, and the structure, as well as the quantity and location of the buildings on their territory.Between 2022 and 2024 – within the framework of the research project on Early Iron Age crises – the staff of the Institute of Archaeology of Eötvös Loránd University carried out excavations at Dédestapolcsány-Verebce-bérc, a fortified settlement, which was besieged and destroyed in the 7th–6th centuries BC. The research was undertaken at the southwestern part of the 140-ha site, known as the Pados, which is covered by an artificial terracing system. On two of the investigated terraces, remains of buildings of different structures were observed: one had stone foundation, and the other had a wooden construction and clay plastered walls. The excavated houses provide new information about the architectural methods of the period and the region.The aim of this work is to provide a more accurate theoretical reconstruction of the Early Iron Age houses and their building process by examining the archaeological features and artefacts excavated at Dédestapolcsány-Verebce-bérc. This will be aided by the remains of charred beams and planks, as well as daub fragments bearing the impressions of structural elements.

Abstract In the vicinity of the village Tamási (Hungary) two bronze statuettes and utility objects, including a bronze jug, were buried 2.5 m deep in a wooden box. Towards the end of the 2nd century the find inventory of a house sanctuary was buried. The bronze jug is to be an import in Pannonia. However, its shape appears among the Pompeian bronze vessel material, shape B 1221a. The unusual handle structure suggests Alexandrian origin, but the image on the lower attachment has similarities with theatre masks depicting Maenads. In the Vesuvius Region these proliferated due to the Bacchic cult.