General Background: Civic Education plays a strategic role in developing students’ religious values and social attitudes at the elementary level. Specific Background: However, the learning process often relies on conventional methods, making abstract values difficult for students in the concrete operational stage to understand and internalize. Knowledge Gap: There is limited focus on how Problem Based Learning integrated with audiovisual media supports the internalization of both religious and social values beyond cognitive outcomes. Aims: This study aims to analyze the implementation of video-assisted Problem Based Learning in Civics Education for fostering religious values and social attitudes among third-grade students at MI Darul Ulum Jotosanur. Results: The findings indicate that video-based Problem Based Learning increases student engagement, critical thinking, collaboration, and the ability to relate values to real-life contexts, although challenges arise from teacher readiness, student ability differences, time limitations, and environmental support. Novelty: The study highlights the integration of Problem Based Learning with audiovisual media to emphasize value internalization through real problem-solving experiences in elementary students. Implications: The study suggests that teachers design contextual Problem Based Learning supported by visual media and consistent reflection, along with collaboration between schools and parents, to support character formation in students. Highlights• Video-supported problem scenarios stimulate active participation and classroom interaction• Contextual tasks guide learners to connect moral concepts with daily behavior• Implementation constraints emerge from pedagogical readiness and learning conditions KeywordsCivic Education; Problem Based Learning; Religious Values; Social Attitudes; Video Media

General Background Mathematics learning in elementary schools plays a crucial role in developing logical thinking and problem-solving skills; however, it is often dominated by procedural exercises. Specific Background In the context of learning the greatest common factor (FPB) in class V MI Ma’arif NU Sukolilo, teaching practices remain focused on lectures and written tasks, limiting students’ conceptual understanding and numeracy literacy. Knowledge Gap This condition indicates a gap between concept-oriented mathematics learning and the conventional instructional practices that do not sufficiently engage students in contextual and meaningful experiences. Aims This study aims to describe the implementation of the FPB Fun Day co-curricular program and analyze its role in improving numeracy skills, FPB conceptual understanding, and numeracy literacy. Results Using a descriptive qualitative approach, the findings reveal that FPB Fun Day is implemented through contextual activities such as distributing objects evenly, increasing student participation, conceptual comprehension, and the ability to interpret and communicate mathematical problems. Students with higher abilities tend to apply conventional strategies, while those with difficulties benefit more from contextual approaches. Novelty The study introduces a co-curricular, experience-based learning model integrating FPB concepts with numeracy literacy through real-life activities beyond classroom routines. Implications The findings suggest that contextual and activity-based learning can serve as an alternative strategy for strengthening conceptual understanding and numeracy literacy, supported by teacher creativity, student engagement, and institutional support despite challenges in time management and varying student abilities. Highlights • Contextual activities using real objects support deeper mathematical reasoning• Learners with lower abilities gain clearer understanding through visual practice• Collaborative tasks promote active participation and logical problem solving Keywords FPB Fun Day; Mathematics Learning; Numeracy Literacy; Conceptual Understanding; Contextual Learning

General Background: Employment relationships in Indonesian labor law are determined by cumulative elements of work, wages, and orders as the basis for legal protection. Specific Background: Supreme Court Decision Number 656 K/Pdt.Sus-PHI/2024 raises debate on the interpretation of these elements in the context of informal workers with flexible work patterns. Knowledge Gap: There is tension between a formalistic normative approach and the need for substantive legal protection for informal workers in modern labor dynamics. Aims: This study aims to analyze how the Supreme Court interprets the elements of work, wages, and orders and to examine its implications for labor law protection. Results: The Court interprets the elements strictly based on statutory provisions, concluding that wages are not fixed due to a ritase system, the element of orders is absent due to lack of subordination and work regulation, and work is not continuous or structurally integrated, leading to the classification of the relationship as a partnership rather than an employment relationship. Novelty: The study highlights a recent judicial decision within the evolving context of flexible work arrangements and informal labor classification. Implications: Although normatively consistent with labor regulations, the interpretation reflects a formalistic approach that potentially limits substantive legal protection for informal workers, indicating the need for more progressive legal interpretation oriented toward worker protection principles. Highlights• Strict cumulative interpretation determines legal classification as partnership• Flexible work patterns exclude recognition of normative wage structure• Formal legal reasoning constrains protection scope for non-formal labor KeywordsEmployment Relationship; Informal Workers; Legal Protection; Supreme Court Decision; Labour Law

General Background: Social media has become a strategic medium for mass communication in disseminating gender justice issues. Specific Background: Instagram is utilized by Afkaruna Official to communicate gender justice based on Islamic feminist perspectives to diverse audiences. Knowledge Gap: Existing studies rarely analyze communication strategies, message representation, and audience reception within Islamic feminist digital activism. Aims: This study examines the urgency of dissemination, communication strategies, and audience responses. Results: Instagram serves as a strategic space shaped by persistent gender bias and low literacy. Strategies include optimized content distribution, persuasive education, visual storytelling, and inclusive Islamic framing. Audience responses are generally positive through likes, comments, and shares, although active dialogue remains limited. Novelty: The study integrates digital communication strategies with Islamic feminist perspectives in social media activism. Implications: The findings indicate that social media contributes to gender justice literacy and public awareness while requiring more participatory communication approaches. Highlights• Instagram operates as a discourse space connecting religious values with equality narratives• Content strategies rely on narrative depth, visual formats, and inclusive language• Audience engagement shows acceptance through symbolic interaction rather than discussion KeywordsGender Justice; Information Dissemination; Mass Communication; Social Media; Islamic Feminism

This study examines the implementation of local wisdom-based character education management through the “Molaulita” culture at an elementary school. General Background: Character education is essential for developing intellectually capable, morally grounded, and culturally rooted students. Specific Background: Integrating local wisdom into school activities offers a contextual approach to strengthen character formation and cultural identity. Knowledge Gap: Previous practices often lack systematic management and fail to consistently integrate local wisdom into structured educational programs. Aims: This study aims to describe the “Molaulita” culture and analyze its management in supporting character education at SD GKST Peura. Results: Findings show that “Molaulita,” implemented through weekly co-curricular storytelling in the Poso (Pamona) language, functions as both cultural preservation and a medium for character development, fostering communicative skills, responsibility, patriotism, and curiosity. The program is managed through planning, organizing, actuating, controlling, and evaluating, involving school leaders, teachers, and students. Novelty: The study provides an empirical model of character education management grounded in local culture through structured co-curricular activities. Implications: The findings highlight the potential of integrating local wisdom into educational management to support sustainable character development and cultural preservation in elementary education. Highlights:• Weekly storytelling activities embed cultural language use in classroom practice• Management functions structure co-curricular programs for character formation• Student traits develop through routine participation and guided reflection Keywords: Education Management; Character Education; Local Wisdom; Molaulita; Elementary School

General Background: Marriage harmony requires effective interpersonal communication, particularly amid increasing household conflicts in urban communities. Specific Background: The Religious Affairs Office (KUA) in Biringkanaya Makassar provides marriage consultation services where registrars (penghulu) act as mediators through structured communication. Knowledge Gap: Studies have rarely examined the specific interpersonal communication strategies of penghulu in practical consultation contexts. Aims: This study analyzes communication stages, forms, supporting factors, and obstacles in marriage consultation. Results: Findings show a staged process consisting of building trust, exploring problems, clarifying and reflecting issues, and facilitating solutions and commitments. Communication forms include persuasive verbal, empathetic nonverbal, and religious symbolic communication. Supporting factors involve registrar credibility, institutional legitimacy, and alignment with religious values, while obstacles include emotional instability, cultural and educational differences, and limited time. Novelty: The integration of empathetic communication with religious values emerges as a key strategy to foster openness and resolve domestic conflicts. Implications: The study contributes to interpersonal communication theory and provides practical guidance for improving marriage consultation services in religious institutions. Highlights• Structured stages guide consultation toward shared solutions• Combined communication forms address emotional and cognitive aspects• Value-based interaction supports conflict resolution KeywordsInterpersonal Communication; Communication Strategy; Marriage Consultation; Religious Institutions; KUA

General Background: Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) are a key driver of economic development and local income generation, particularly through distribution channels that connect products with consumers. Specific Background: In Pekanbaru City, souvenir centers function not only as retail destinations for tourists but also as platforms for distributing local MSME products and promoting regional culture. Knowledge Gap: Previous studies largely focus on general MSME performance using quantitative approaches, with limited attention to the specific role of souvenir centers in local economic ecosystems. Aims: This study aims to analyze the role of souvenir centers in increasing MSME income and to identify obstacles affecting partnership performance. Results: Using a descriptive qualitative approach with in-depth interviews and NVivo analysis, the findings reveal that souvenir centers contribute to MSME income growth by 15–50%, expand market access, support digital promotion, strengthen production capacity, improve product quality and standardization, and provide distribution platforms without initial costs. However, challenges include cash flow constraints due to consignment systems, limited human resources, production capacity issues, incomplete product legality, and competitive pressures. Novelty: This study introduces an independent mapping of souvenir center ecosystems, including location, product diversity, and accessibility, which were previously undocumented. Implications: The findings suggest the need for improved payment systems, legal assistance, and capacity building to ensure sustainable MSME development and provide insights for policymakers and practitioners in strengthening local distribution networks. Highlights• Income gains reach 15–50% through structured retail distribution channels• Market expansion achieved via tourism-based consumer reach• Partnership barriers arise from consignment schemes and operational limitations KeywordsSouvenir Centers; MSMEs Income Growth; Local Distribution Channels; Market Access Expansion; Product Standardization

General Background: The Holy Qur’an serves as a fundamental source of moral values, ethics, and social guidance in Islamic societies. Specific Background: In Iraq, characterized by sectarian diversity and strong religious traditions, Qur’anic teachings contribute to shaping individual and collective behaviour. Knowledge Gap: However, integrated social analyses examining how Qur’anic principles guide behavioural formation within the Iraqi context remain limited. Aims: This study aims to analyse the role of the Holy Qur’an in shaping human behaviour in Iraqi society from a social perspective. Results: The findings indicate that the Qur’an provides a behavioural framework through legislative guidance, Qur’anic narratives, moral accountability, and ethical values such as justice, responsibility, cooperation, and spiritual purification. The study also shows that religious authorities, educational institutions, and community initiatives contribute to translating Qur’anic teachings into social practices. Novelty: This research presents an integrated social analysis linking Qur’anic teachings, interpretative diversity between Sunni and Shia traditions, and behavioural formation in Iraq. Implications: Strengthening Qur’anic education and encouraging inter-sectarian dialogue may support the development of ethical conduct and social cohesion in Iraqi society. Highlights• Qur’anic teachings provide a comprehensive ethical system guiding personal and social conduct in Iraq• Religious authorities and institutions contribute to translating scriptural teachings into community practices• Sectarian interpretative diversity shapes the understanding of moral values in Iraqi society KeywordsQur’anic Values; Human Behaviour; Iraqi Society; Social Ethics; Islamic Teachings

General Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a multisystem infectious disease with diverse clinical manifestations and outcomes, particularly among hospitalized patients. Specific Background: Individuals with chronic diseases frequently experience more complicated clinical courses during COVID-19 infection, requiring detailed clinical and laboratory assessment to understand disease progression. Knowledge Gap: Despite numerous investigations, uncertainty remains regarding which clinical and laboratory characteristics are associated with severe and critical forms of COVID-19 in patients with multiple underlying conditions. Aims: This study analyzed the clinical manifestations and laboratory characteristics of COVID-19 patients with comorbid conditions and identified indicators associated with severe disease progression. Results: A total of 182 hospitalized patients with moderate, severe, and critical COVID-19 were examined during 2021–2022 using comprehensive clinical, laboratory, and instrumental assessments. The majority presented with severe disease (80.8%). Coronary heart disease, hypertension, anemia, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and obesity were the most frequent accompanying conditions. Severe and critical cases were more common among elderly individuals and those with multiple concurrent disorders. Clinical manifestations included fever, cough, dyspnea, and weakness, frequently accompanied by bilateral or polysegmental pneumonia and respiratory failure. Laboratory findings showed leukocytosis, neutrophilia, lymphopenia, elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, increased C-reactive protein levels, hyperglycemia, and altered liver and renal function markers, particularly in critically ill patients. Novelty: The study provides integrated clinical and laboratory characterization of hospitalized COVID-19 patients with multiple concurrent diseases. Implications: Identification of these clinical and laboratory indicators supports early risk stratification, timely initiation of intensive treatment, and improved management of patients with severe COVID-19. Highlights: Elderly Hospitalized Individuals Frequently Present Severe or Critical Disease Stages. Respiratory Failure and Bilateral Pneumonia Appear Commonly in Advanced Clinical Cases. Systemic Inflammation Markers and Metabolic Abnormalities Increase in Critically Ill Groups. Keywords: COVID-19, Comorbidities, Laboratory Parameters, Pneumonia, Respiratory Failure.

General Background: Trichomonas vaginalis is one of the most prevalent protozoan sexually transmitted infections affecting women and is associated with reproductive and inflammatory complications. Specific Background: Accurate molecular detection and characterization of the parasite are essential for understanding its epidemiology and its interaction with host immune responses. Knowledge Gap: Despite the widespread occurrence of trichomoniasis, limited molecular and immunological data are available regarding the genetic diversity of local isolates and their relationship with inflammatory biomarkers in Iraqi populations. Aims: This study investigated the prevalence of T. vaginalis infection among women in Wasit Province, Iraq, using PCR targeting the internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) region, examined the phylogenetic relationships of detected isolates, and assessed associated immune markers including cysteinyl leukotrienes, interleukin-8, and leukotriene B4. Results: Molecular analysis identified a 7.56% infection rate among 291 examined women. Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of 22 isolates revealed strong similarity with previously reported Iraqi strains. Infected women demonstrated significantly elevated levels of CysLTs, IL-8, and LTB4 compared with non-infected individuals. Novelty: The study integrates molecular detection, phylogenetic characterization, and immunological biomarker evaluation of T. vaginalis isolates in a single population-based investigation. Implications: These findings contribute to improved epidemiological understanding of trichomoniasis and highlight the potential role of inflammatory mediators in the pathophysiology of infection. Keywords: Trichomonas Vaginalis, ITS1 Region, Molecular Detection, Phylogenetic Analysis, Immune Biomarkers Key Findings Highlights PCR analysis identified trichomoniasis in 7.56% of examined women from Wasit Province. Sequenced isolates clustered with previously reported Iraqi strains in phylogenetic analysis. Infected participants showed marked elevation of inflammatory mediators including IL-8 and leukotrienes.