General Background: The Holy Qur’an serves as a fundamental source of moral values, ethics, and social guidance in Islamic societies. Specific Background: In Iraq, characterized by sectarian diversity and strong religious traditions, Qur’anic teachings contribute to shaping individual and collective behaviour. Knowledge Gap: However, integrated social analyses examining how Qur’anic principles guide behavioural formation within the Iraqi context remain limited. Aims: This study aims to analyse the role of the Holy Qur’an in shaping human behaviour in Iraqi society from a social perspective. Results: The findings indicate that the Qur’an provides a behavioural framework through legislative guidance, Qur’anic narratives, moral accountability, and ethical values such as justice, responsibility, cooperation, and spiritual purification. The study also shows that religious authorities, educational institutions, and community initiatives contribute to translating Qur’anic teachings into social practices. Novelty: This research presents an integrated social analysis linking Qur’anic teachings, interpretative diversity between Sunni and Shia traditions, and behavioural formation in Iraq. Implications: Strengthening Qur’anic education and encouraging inter-sectarian dialogue may support the development of ethical conduct and social cohesion in Iraqi society. Highlights• Qur’anic teachings provide a comprehensive ethical system guiding personal and social conduct in Iraq• Religious authorities and institutions contribute to translating scriptural teachings into community practices• Sectarian interpretative diversity shapes the understanding of moral values in Iraqi society KeywordsQur’anic Values; Human Behaviour; Iraqi Society; Social Ethics; Islamic Teachings

General Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a multisystem infectious disease with diverse clinical manifestations and outcomes, particularly among hospitalized patients. Specific Background: Individuals with chronic diseases frequently experience more complicated clinical courses during COVID-19 infection, requiring detailed clinical and laboratory assessment to understand disease progression. Knowledge Gap: Despite numerous investigations, uncertainty remains regarding which clinical and laboratory characteristics are associated with severe and critical forms of COVID-19 in patients with multiple underlying conditions. Aims: This study analyzed the clinical manifestations and laboratory characteristics of COVID-19 patients with comorbid conditions and identified indicators associated with severe disease progression. Results: A total of 182 hospitalized patients with moderate, severe, and critical COVID-19 were examined during 2021–2022 using comprehensive clinical, laboratory, and instrumental assessments. The majority presented with severe disease (80.8%). Coronary heart disease, hypertension, anemia, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and obesity were the most frequent accompanying conditions. Severe and critical cases were more common among elderly individuals and those with multiple concurrent disorders. Clinical manifestations included fever, cough, dyspnea, and weakness, frequently accompanied by bilateral or polysegmental pneumonia and respiratory failure. Laboratory findings showed leukocytosis, neutrophilia, lymphopenia, elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, increased C-reactive protein levels, hyperglycemia, and altered liver and renal function markers, particularly in critically ill patients. Novelty: The study provides integrated clinical and laboratory characterization of hospitalized COVID-19 patients with multiple concurrent diseases. Implications: Identification of these clinical and laboratory indicators supports early risk stratification, timely initiation of intensive treatment, and improved management of patients with severe COVID-19. Highlights: Elderly Hospitalized Individuals Frequently Present Severe or Critical Disease Stages. Respiratory Failure and Bilateral Pneumonia Appear Commonly in Advanced Clinical Cases. Systemic Inflammation Markers and Metabolic Abnormalities Increase in Critically Ill Groups. Keywords: COVID-19, Comorbidities, Laboratory Parameters, Pneumonia, Respiratory Failure.

General Background: Village-Owned Enterprises (BUMDes) function as strategic institutions supporting rural economic independence through accountable business management, where reliable financial administration is essential for transparency and decision-making. Specific Background: Within accounting systems, the general ledger serves as the central record of financial transactions prior to the preparation of formal financial statements, making it a critical component of financial reporting administration. Knowledge Gap: Despite its widespread adoption, the implementation of general ledger–based financial reporting systems in BUMDes contexts still presents operational challenges and has not been sufficiently examined through qualitative evaluation at the institutional level. Aims: This study evaluates the general ledger–based financial reporting administration system implemented at BUMDes Arjuna Lestari in Jatiarjo Village, Prigen District, Pasuruan Regency. Results: Using a descriptive qualitative approach with interviews, observation, and documentation studies, the findings indicate that the system supports structured recording of financial transactions and improves traceability of financial data. However, several constraints remain, including limited human resources, continued reliance on manual recording practices, and standard operating procedures that are not yet fully optimized. Novelty: The study provides an in-depth qualitative examination of operational practices and constraints within a village-level financial administration system utilizing a general ledger framework. Implications: The findings suggest the need for capacity development among BUMDes managers, standardized accounting procedures, and the adoption of simple digital financial applications to strengthen the quality and reliability of financial reporting. Highlights: Structured transaction documentation and improved data traceability were observed in organizational accounting practices. Operational constraints include limited managerial capacity, manual bookkeeping practices, and incomplete procedural standards. Strengthening managerial skills and adopting simple digital accounting tools are recommended for better reporting quality. Keywords: BUMDes, Financial Administration System, Financial Reporting, General Ledger, Descriptive Qualitative

General Background: Polymer materials have become essential components in modern technology due to their lightweight structure, chemical stability, and adaptable physical characteristics. Specific Background: Advances in polymer science have enabled the modification of molecular structures and the integration of nanoparticles, allowing polymers to perform functions beyond traditional insulating and structural roles. Knowledge Gap: Despite extensive use in industrial and technological fields, a comprehensive conceptual synthesis linking polymer structure, classification, properties, and emerging nanotechnology applications remains necessary to clarify their functional relationships. Aims: This study analyzes the fundamental principles of polymer science, including structural composition, polymerization mechanisms, classifications, and key physical and chemical properties, while highlighting emerging nanopolymer applications. Results: The analysis demonstrates that polymer performance is strongly related to molecular structure, degree of polymerization, and intermolecular interactions. The integration of metal and oxide nanoparticles within polymer matrices introduces additional optical, electrical, and catalytic functionalities. Novelty: The work provides an integrated conceptual overview connecting classical polymer theory with modern nanocomposite developments in materials science. Implications: Understanding the structure–property relationship of polymers supports the development of advanced materials for applications in electronics, renewable energy systems, biosensors, and biomedical technologies, while also emphasizing the importance of sustainable polymer research. Keywords: Polymer Science, Nanopolymer Materials, Polymer Structure, Polymer Nanocomposites, Materials Engineering Key Findings Highlights Polymer molecular structure determines mechanical, thermal, and electrical material behavior. Nanoparticle integration introduces new optical and electronic functionalities in polymer systems. Polymer nanocomposites support emerging technologies in energy systems, sensing devices, and biomedical materials.

General Background: Problem-solving skills represent a central competency in 21st-century science education, yet Newton’s Laws are often perceived as abstract concepts that are difficult for junior high school students to understand. Specific Background: Digital learning media such as Electronic Student Worksheets (E-LKPD) integrated with local wisdom and supported by deep learning approaches have been increasingly developed to contextualize physics concepts and connect them with students’ cultural experiences. Knowledge Gap: Although numerous studies have explored the development and implementation of E-LKPD integrated with local wisdom and deep learning approaches in Newton’s Laws instruction, a systematic synthesis of research trends, characteristics, and reported findings within this field has not been comprehensively mapped. Aims: This study aims to analyze publication trends, identify research characteristics, and synthesize findings regarding E-LKPD integrated with local wisdom using deep learning approaches for improving junior high school students’ problem-solving skills in Newton’s Laws during the 2021–2025 period. Results: Using a Systematic Literature Review with the PRISMA protocol, twenty selected journal articles from Google Scholar, SINTA, and DOAJ databases were analyzed. The findings reveal an increasing research trend between 2023 and 2025, with dominant research designs including research and development and quasi-experimental studies. Local wisdom contexts range from traditional games, maritime and agricultural activities, cultural arts, architecture, and community practices, while deep learning approaches commonly involve Problem-Based Learning and Project-Based Learning. Novelty: This review provides an integrated synthesis of research patterns and learning design characteristics connecting E-LKPD, local wisdom, and deep learning in Newton’s Laws instruction. Implications: The findings offer guidance for educators and instructional media developers in designing contextual digital learning media that connect physics concepts with cultural contexts to support students’ problem-solving development. Highlights • Publication growth between 2021 and 2025 indicates increasing research attention in contextual physics learning.• Cultural contexts including traditional activities, arts, and community practices provide authentic scenarios for conceptual analysis.• Deep learning models such as PBL and PjBL frequently appear in digital worksheet design for mechanics topics. Keywords E-LKPD; Local Wisdom; Deep Learning; Newton’s Laws; Problem Solving Skills

General Background: Science learning frequently involves abstract concepts that are difficult for students to understand through text-based explanations alone, creating a need for multimodal instructional media that combine visual representation, narrative, and interactivity. Specific Background: Two accessible forms of multimodal media widely used in science education are science comics and the Educaplay quiz platform, both designed to support conceptual understanding and interactive engagement in classroom learning. Knowledge Gap: Despite increasing publications on multimodal learning tools, previous studies largely examine individual media within limited contexts and rarely provide a systematic overview of research trends and synthesized findings related specifically to science comics and Educaplay in science education. Aims: This study analyzes publication trends and synthesizes research findings on the use of science comics and Educaplay in relation to students’ cognitive learning outcomes in science learning during the 2021–2025 period. Results: Using a Systematic Literature Review following PRISMA 2020 guidelines, 22 eligible articles were selected from 385 identified studies. The synthesis shows consistent positive learning gains associated with both media, with an average effect size of 0.69. Science comics support visualization of abstract scientific concepts and promote emotional engagement through narrative representation, while Educaplay provides interactive quiz-based activities and immediate feedback that strengthen student participation and conceptual retention. Research trends reveal a transition from media validation studies toward classroom implementation and multimodal integration. Novelty: This review provides a consolidated analysis of research developments and learning outcomes related to science comics and Educaplay within science education literature from 2021–2025. Implications: The findings suggest that integrating narrative-based visualization and interactive quiz platforms may support multimodal science learning, while future studies are encouraged to explore longitudinal evaluation and adaptive media development. Highlights • Science comics facilitate visualization of abstract scientific concepts and narrative-based learning engagement.• Educaplay quizzes provide interactive activities with rapid feedback supporting conceptual retention.• Research progression shows a shift from media validation studies toward multimodal classroom integration. Keywords Multimodal Media; Science Comics; Educaplay Platform; Cognitive Learning Outcomes; Science Education

General Background: Continuing professional development is essential for strengthening teacher competence and sustaining educational quality in early childhood education. Specific Background: In Aceh Tamiang District, many kindergarten teachers still face limitations in early childhood learning methods, training access, and relevant professional development opportunities. Knowledge Gap: Empirical research remains limited on how a school-based training model is implemented for continuing professional development among kindergarten teachers in this local context. Aims: This study aimed to analyze the implementation of a school-based training model for the continuing professional development of kindergarten teachers in Aceh Tamiang District. Results: Using a qualitative case study involving 26 teachers, with data collected through observation, interviews, documentation, and focus group discussion, the study found that implementation was carried out systematically through planning, implementation, and evaluation stages. The process was supported by school-based management, teacher discipline, democratic principal leadership, educator commitment, professionalism, and adequate facilities. The study also identified obstacles, including limited understanding of school-based management among some education personnel, external policy intervention in school decision-making, limited mastery of teaching materials and teaching techniques, and uneven participation in evaluation meetings. Novelty: The study specifically examines school-based training and continuing professional development for kindergarten teachers in Aceh Tamiang by emphasizing local conditions, actual teacher needs, and institutional support. Implications: The findings indicate that school-based training can serve as a contextual and sustainable strategy for teacher professionalism when supported by participatory leadership, adequate resources, and stronger teacher capacity in learning management Highlights • Systematic stages covered program design, execution, and review.• Democratic leadership, staff discipline, and educator commitment sustained implementation.• Constraints involved managerial understanding, external policy pressure, teaching mastery, and meeting participation. KeywordsSchool Based Training; Continuing Professional Development; Kindergarten Teachers; School Based Management; Early Childhood Education

General Background: Islamic Religious Education requires learning approaches that support not only cognitive attainment but also the affective domain and character formation. Specific Background: At SMP Muhammadiyah 56 Binjai, Grade VII Islamic Religious Education learning was still largely teacher centered, theoretical, and minimally dialogic, so students had limited opportunities to reflect on and internalize Islamic values in daily life. Knowledge Gap: Existing learning practices had not optimally facilitated value clarification, moral reflection, and conscious decision making, while students’ Islamic character awareness remained low. Aims: This study aimed to develop a multimedia based Value Clarification Technique model for Islamic Religious Education and examine its feasibility, practicality, and outcomes in fostering students’ Islamic character awareness. Results: Using Research and Development with the ADDIE model, the study involved 18 Grade VII students, an Islamic Religious Education teacher, and school stakeholders. The developed product obtained very high material validity (98%) and design validity (97%), while practicality reached an average of 95.2%. Learning outcomes also improved, with the mean score increasing from 54 on the pretest to 80 on the posttest, an N-Gain of 0.534 in the moderate category, and mastery rising from 11% to 83%. Novelty: The study offers an integrative Value Clarification Technique model supported by interactive video and reflective value discussion specifically designed for Islamic Religious Education. Implications: This model provides a structured and contextual alternative for strengthening Islamic character awareness and the affective dimension of learning in junior secondary Islamic Religious Education. Highlights• Developed a multimedia-supported Value Clarification Technique model through the ADDIE stages for Grade VII Islamic Religious Education.• Achieved very high feasibility and usability, with 98% material validity, 97% design validity, and 95.2% practicality.• Recorded learning progress from a mean pretest score of 54 to 80, with N-Gain 0.534 and mastery rising from 11% to 83%. KeywordsValue Clarification Technique; Islamic Religious Education; Islamic Character Awareness; Multimedia Learning; Affective Domain

General Background The integration of nanotechnology into agriculture has introduced new fertilization strategies aimed at improving nutrient availability and crop productivity. Specific Background Ornamental bulbous plants such as Iris pseudacorus L. require balanced macro- and micro-nutrient supply to support flowering performance and bulb development. Knowledge Gap Despite increasing attention to nanofertilizers in horticulture, limited experimental information is available regarding the response of yellow iris to foliar applications of macro- and micronutrient nano-fertilizers at different concentrations. Aims This study evaluated the response of yellow iris to foliar spraying of nano-fertilizer containing macro- and micro-nutrients at concentrations of 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 g L⁻¹ under a randomized complete block design with three replicates. Results The findings showed that nano-fertilizer treatments did not significantly change most vegetative growth traits. However, application at 4 g L⁻¹ accelerated flowering to 138 days and increased flower longevity to 15 days. The same treatment also produced higher bulb and bulblet formation with averages of 2.43 bulbs and 8.45 bulblets per plant, accompanied by increases in fresh bulb weight, bulblet weight, and bulb diameter. Novelty The study provides experimental evidence describing concentration-specific responses of yellow iris to foliar nano-fertilizer applications in relation to flowering behavior and bulb productivity. Implications These findings support the use of nano-fertilizer foliar spraying as a promising approach for improving reproductive performance and propagation capacity of ornamental iris cultivation. Keywords: Nano Fertilizer, Iris Pseudacorus, Foliar Application, Flowering Traits, Bulb Yield Key Findings Highlights Foliar nano-nutrient treatment accelerated flowering time in yellow iris plants Higher concentrations produced greater bulb and bulblet formation Flower longevity increased under optimized nano-fertilizer spraying

General Background: Teacher quality determines learning processes and educational development through pedagogical and professional competence. Specific Background: Academic supervision functions to monitor and guide teacher performance but often focuses mainly on administrative evaluation. Knowledge Gap: Supervision practices rarely integrate motivational theory as a structured basis for teacher evaluation and development. Aims: This study examines an academic supervision strategy based on Atkinson’s achievement motivation concept and curriculum evaluation domains. Results: The literature review shows that integrating the structure–process–product framework in supervision encourages intrinsic motivation, openness to feedback, reflective teaching, and innovative instructional practices while supporting systematic evaluation of planning, implementation, and learning outcomes. Novelty: The study proposes a supervision model combining achievement motivation theory with the structure–process–product evaluation framework. Implications: This approach offers an alternative strategy for sustainable teacher professional development and educational quality improvement. Highlights: Structure–process–product evaluation framework supports systematic review of instructional planning, classroom practice, and learning outcomes. Motivation-oriented guidance encourages openness to feedback, reflective teaching, and innovative instructional practice. Continuous mentoring with recognition and moderate challenges supports sustained educator development and learning quality improvement. Keywords: Academic Supervision, Pedagogical Competence, Professional Competence, Atkinson's Concept, Achievement Motivation.