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  • Research Article
  • 10.22456/2238-6912.142345
A NEW SCRAMBLE?
  • Sep 9, 2025
  • AUSTRAL: Brazilian Journal of Strategy & International Relations
  • Al Chukwuma Okoli + 1 more

This study explores how the Sahel has emerged as a contested space for influence, competitive stakes, resources, and markets. The paper posits that the Sahel’s geopolitical economy is characterized by a new scramble – a multi-polar struggle by the global and regional powers – for dominance and strategic advantage, with far-reaching implications for the sovereignty of the member states as well as regional stability and development. The paper underscores the nuanced issues that underpin the evolving geopolitical landscape in the Sahel and what they hold African agency and sovereign virtues, especially in the realms of economy and geo-strategy. Keywords: Geopolitics, global powers, multi-polarity, political economy, sovereignty, the Scramble.

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  • Research Article
  • 10.22456/2238-6912.142627
REFLEXÕES SOBRE O BRASIL E A COOPERAÇÃO EM DEFESA:
  • Sep 9, 2025
  • AUSTRAL: Brazilian Journal of Strategy & International Relations
  • Kamilla Raquel Rizzi + 1 more

Trata-se de pesquisa que analisa a cooperação em defesa no Brasil, buscando viabilizar uma discussão teórica e uma proposta de periodização histórica das ações de cooperação em defesa do Brasil. Ao responder quais as características mais evidentes da cooperação em defesa do Brasil, como hipótese de trabalho aponta-se que há a) vantagens e desafios nas ações de cooperação em defesa do Brasil, b) uma correlação entre política externa e defesa nessas ações e c) evidencia-se o mapeamento de áreas prioritárias. A cooperação em defesa é uma estratégia que envolve colaboração entre países para aumentar a capacidade de defesa, compartilhar informações, realizar treinamentos conjuntos, desenvolver tecnologias e fortalecer laços diplomáticos. A revisão da literatura da área teórica aponta diversas possibilidades, entendimentos e caminhos para a cooperação em defesa, mas nesta pesquisa optou-se pelo uso do conceito de estabilidade como fator gerador da cooperação, bem como a evolução da correlação entre política externa e de defesa na história brasileira.

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  • Research Article
  • 10.22456/2238-6912.142813
ENERGY AND NATURAL RESOURCES IN THE ARGENTINA-CHINA RELATIONSHIP
  • Sep 9, 2025
  • AUSTRAL: Brazilian Journal of Strategy & International Relations
  • Julian Bilmes

The aim of this article is to analyze the outstanding role that energy and natural resources play in the increasing relationship between China and Argentina to inquire what type of development is outlined. These topics have a central role in terms of the bilateral trade balance, investment, funding and around cooperation mechanisms, due to Argentine bet to build new export complexes and Chinese needs for its energy and supply security. Oil and gas, mining and different type of energy generation are analyzed: nuclear, hydroelectric, solar and wind, highlighting Chinese firms positioning as well as bilateral cooperation agreements, its obstacles and challenges

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  • Research Article
  • 10.22456/2238-6912.139572
CANADA'S CONTRIBUTIONS TO PEACEKEEPING IN LEBANON
  • Sep 9, 2025
  • AUSTRAL: Brazilian Journal of Strategy & International Relations
  • Mohamad Zreik

Canada has a long history of participating in peacekeeping missions around the world, and has played an important role in maintaining peace and stability in many conflict-affected countries. This study aims to examine Canada's contributions to peacekeeping efforts in Lebanon, with a focus on the role Canada has played in preserving peace and stability in the country. The research will analyze Canada's involvement in the United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL), including the impact of Canada's presence on the peace process, the challenges and successes Canada has faced in maintaining peace, and the broader impact of Canadian peacekeeping efforts on the international community. By examining Canada's peacekeeping efforts in Lebanon, this study aims to shed light on the ways in which Canada contributes to peace and stability around the world and to explore the effectiveness of Canadian peacekeeping in resolving conflict and promoting stability. Keywords: Canada, Peacekeeping, Lebanon, UNIFIL, Stability.

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  • Research Article
  • 10.22456/2238-6912.143915
THE UKRAINIAN WAR AS AN ANTI-SYSTEMIC IMPERATIVE AND ITS GEOPOLITICAL CONSEQUENCES
  • Sep 9, 2025
  • AUSTRAL: Brazilian Journal of Strategy & International Relations
  • Charles Pennaforte

A Guerra da Ucrânia tornou-se um catalisador de importantes transformações geopolíticas e econômicas, desafiando a ordem global estabelecida, liderada pelos Estados Unidos e seus aliados. Este artigo analisa o conflito como um "imperativo antissistêmico", uma resposta dos países afetados que colabora para uma mudança com importantes repercussões a médio e longo prazo. Utilizando a Análise de Sistemas-Mundo e o conceito de Ciclos Sistêmicos de Acumulação como quadros teóricos, argumentamos que as sanções econômicas contra a Rússia aceleraram o processo de afastamento dos países BRICS do dólar americano, demonstrando os riscos de depender de uma moeda única para o comércio internacional. O conflito também aumentou a cooperação entre os países que se opõem a hegemonia ocidental e abriu caminho para a expansão dos BRICS, que agora incluem a Arábia Saudita, o Egito, os Emirados Árabes Unidos, a Etiópia e o Irã. Este formato "BRICS Plus" aumentou significativamente a influência geográfica, demográfica e económica do grupo, posicionando-o como um ator geopolítico relevante. Embora o processo de desdolarização ainda esteja na sua fase inicial, a utilização crescente de moedas e sistemas de pagamento alternativos assinala uma mudança significativa na ordem económica mundial. O artigo conclui que a Guerra da Ucrânia acelerou os processos em curso, como o enfraquecimento relativo do dólar e o aumento da cooperação entre o Sul Global, contribuindo, em última análise, para a transição para uma nova ordem mundial multipolar.

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  • Research Article
  • 10.22456/2238-6912.138106
A DESINFORMAÇÃO NAS RELAÇÕES INTERNACIONAIS
  • Sep 9, 2025
  • AUSTRAL: Brazilian Journal of Strategy & International Relations
  • Leandro Loureiro Costa

Algumas das maiores preocupações sobre a segurança da informação nas Relações Internacionais são os impactos da desinformação no processo político interno de forma a enfraquecer Estados adversários. Alguns estudos têm apontado para a falta de efetividade desse tipo de articulação em produzir resultados significativos na alteração do comportamento dos alvos. À luz desse pressuposto, esta pesquisa buscou testar, no caso do Brasil, três hipóteses que contestam a efetividade desse tipo de instrumento. Conclui-se que o país se encontra em uma situação de vulnerabilidade estratégica, mas tem movido esforços institucionais para contornar as possíveis consequências de uma campanha de desinformação. Palavras-chave: Desinformação; Subversão; Segurança da Informação; Brasil.

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  • Research Article
  • 10.22456/2238-6912.144021
ECOPOLITICS AND ECOLOGICAL TRENDS IN THE MIDDLE EAST
  • Sep 9, 2025
  • AUSTRAL: Brazilian Journal of Strategy & International Relations
  • Katarzyna Czornik

The paper explains that Islam and ecology do not contradict each other. Countries dominated by Muslims focus on the development of ecological trends. Ecological trends become essential to enhance the state’s position in the region and the international arena. In this case, ecopolitics becomes practical tools used by political decision-makers to create an image of a modern state whose economy is innovative and whose society is aware of the benefits resulting from the implementation of ecological solutions. Nevertheless, there is a close correlation between religious and political circumstances (functioning of authoritarian regimes) and low effectiveness of environmental movements and groups.

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  • Research Article
  • 10.22456/2238-6912.146442
A COOPERAÇÃO SINO-RUSSA E SEUS IMPACTOS NA ÁSIA CENTRAL
  • Sep 9, 2025
  • AUSTRAL: Brazilian Journal of Strategy & International Relations
  • Giorgio Romano Schutte + 1 more

O artigo analisa a cooperação sino-russa na Ásia Central, examinando a crescente presença econômica da China e a reconfiguração da influência russa na região. Desde 2014, sanções ocidentais e tensões geopolíticas levaram Moscou e Pequim a aprofundar sua parceria. Enquanto a China expande investimentos por meio da Iniciativa Cinturão e Rota, a Rússia preserva sua centralidade na segurança regional e sua influência financeira. O estudo argumenta que, apesar da ascensão chinesa, a Ásia Central tornou-se um espaço de acomodação estratégica, no qual as duas potências evitam conflitos diretos e consolidam sua presença global.

  • Open Access Icon
  • Research Article
  • 10.22456/2238-6912.141443
THE RISE OF RIGHT-WING POPULISM IN THE EUROPEAN UNION
  • Sep 9, 2025
  • AUSTRAL: Brazilian Journal of Strategy & International Relations
  • Adrian Cuevas Talens

The rise of right-wing populism in the EU over the past two decades has reshaped European politics. This paper explores the causes, characteristics, and impacts of this trend, focusing on political, economic, and social factors. The 2008 financial crisis, the 2015 refugee crisis, and debates on sovereignty and EU integration have heightened the appeal of populist rhetoric. Right-wing populists frame themselves as defenders of "common people" against "corrupt elites" and immigration. Case studies from Greece, Spain, Sweden, Germany, the UK, and Italy highlight how these parties gained traction and their effects on EU cohesion and democratic values. Addressing these challenges involves strengthening democratic institutions and enhancing solidarity among EU member states.

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  • Research Article
  • 10.22456/2238-6912.139268
SECURITY SECTOR REFORM AND PEACEBUILDING
  • Mar 28, 2025
  • AUSTRAL: Brazilian Journal of Strategy & International Relations
  • Felipe Duran + 1 more

The roots of the ongoing civil conflict in Yemen lie in the inability of Yemeni society to address and resolve the frustration arising from political marginalization, economic deprivation and the effects of an extractive, corrupt and rent-seeking state. By definition, such systems are characterized by the concentration of power in the hands of a restricted elite and impose few restrictions on their exercise of power. This systemic failure has produced a cycle of violence, political upheaval, and institutional collapse since the creation of the modern Yemeni state in the 1960s, of which the current conflict appears to be only the latest eruption. We propose, as a way of accessing potential possible results for resolving the contradiction, a proposal based on the combination of policies based on Peace Studies, understanding that the mechanisms of the Security Sector Reform processes and transitional justice are crucial for the construction and peacebuilding in the Republic of Yemen. This work analyzes how structural violence has perpetuated in recent years in Yemen and how we can direct the conflict towards positive peace.