The presented article is an attempt to show the relationship between the emerging new forms of spirituality and the threat of sects. The authors analyze the contemporary cultural context in terms of widely understood spirituality. They then come to the conclusion that subjectivization of religion leads to destabilization of the religious life of a given community and gives rise to possibilities of abuse in the religious space. At the same time, the authors are aware of the urgent need to free religion from ossification, passivity, the feeling of siege, excessive institutionalisation. However, they want to draw attention to the dangers resulting from the simplification that is increasingly being heard, which can be formulated as follows: Let us move religion into the private sphere, and the problems of religious conflicts and abuses connected with spiritual life will end. The authors draw attention to the fact that the problem is much more complex and requires coordinated action on religious security.

The concept of safety has changed over the centuries and has been taken into account by many different factors. This was because some stability only covered some areas of human life and others were subject to change. Often the changes were created by different temporary fashions and trends. By referring to different philosophical concepts over the centuries, we would like to point out that many researchers claim that there is a constant trend to question a stable, certain world picture in global dimensions. If this thesis is true, then it begins to live and function, both in the individual and social dimension in an increasingly dangerous global world.

These instructions give you guidelines for preparing papers for ASEJ Scientific Journal. Use this document as a template if you are using Microsoft Word 2003 or later. Otherwise, use this document as an instruction set. The format of this paper is a letter size, one column text, with 20 mm top and bottom margins and 16,5 mm left and right margins. Do not cite references in the abstract. The abstract should be self-contained and should not exceed 200 words. Follow the style of structured abstracts, but without headings. It should contain main items: place the question addressed in a broad context and highlight the purpose of the study, briefly describe main methods or treatments applied in the paper, summarize the paper's main findings; indicate the main conclusions or interpretations with the proviso that it cannot contain results which are not presented and substantiated in the text.

The growing impact and relevance of safety and security in tourism can be discerned in the increasingly more substantial foreign and Polish academic literature on the subject. Based on the available publications and enhanced by the author’s individual reflections and tourist experiences, the paper attempts to outline a number of issues selected arbitrarily by the author. The goal of this paper is to attempt to define the various threats posed for the safety and security of tourism in Poland, and to look at the salient problems and dilemmas that may, in the nearest future, become the object of further research and enquiries. Being absorbed by the trip implies that tourists frequently fail to pay enough attention to the dangers that await them. Situations of this sort are, indeed, numerous: some are caused by the people themselves, and the origins of others need to be traced in nature. The role of tourism organisers and travel agencies, as well as tourists themselves, is to strive to make sure that trips made to get some sunshine, bathe in warm water sofexotic seas, and expeditions to the mountains do not turn into a nightmare (Mansfeld 2006). Each type of tourism has its unique specificity that goes with smaller or bigger chances of fortuitous events. It is not just the specific nature of the above types of tourism that can trigger a variety of fortuitous events, but also at the individual stages of consumption of a tourism product (Sanetra&Sanetra-Półgrabi 2018) situations can occur that are caused by factors related to tourist transport, and staying at a given rest spot. Admittedly, the essence of tourism rests on people’s travelling to destinations that pride themselves on outstanding tourist qualities, and that are located beyond the place where tourists reside on a permanent basis. This form of travelling constitutes the basic element of the consumption of tourism. This paper is the fruit of critical literature-based research, and desk research conducted on the subject matter at hand.

these instructions give you guidelines for preparing papers for ASEJ Scientific Journal. Use this document as a template if you are using Microsoft Word 2003 or later. Otherwise, use this document as an instruction set. The format of this paper is a letter size, one column text, with 20 mm top and bottom margins and 16,5 mm left and right margins. Do not cite references in the abstract. The abstract should be self-contained and should not exceed 200 words. Follow the style of structured abstracts, but without headings. It should contain main items: place the question addressed in a broad context and highlight the purpose of the study, briefly describe main methods or treatments applied in the paper, summarize the paper's main findings; indicate the main conclusions or interpretations with the proviso that it cannot contain results which are not presented and substantiated in the text.

We can certainly say that identity theft on the Internet is a growing criminal phenomenon. The perpetrators’ actions are most often motivated by financial gain. The article discusses selected issues concerning so-called Internet fraudsters. In particular, it draws attention to the actions taken in cyberspace and the risks that accompany such decisions. I point out that the most vulnerable to identity theft are elderly people who do not even know basic security procedures. The article not only draws attention to the dangers themselves but also describes the way criminals act. It also states that in order to minimize the risks faced by network users, attention should be paid to training needs related to with security in cyberspace. An important aspect of this is to draw attention to the risks associated with personal data improperly stored on electronic media integrated into the Internet.

This paper is purely theoretical in which I have illustrated the contributions of the founding theorist of Western sociology, by focusing on how they addressed (or didn’t address) organizations. Then, I have discussed (in brief) the development of organizational theory and how organizational theorists are responding to the emergence of challenges to the traditional rational approaches to understanding organizations. These analyses are situated on the historical contexts include major contributions of each theorist. This research is solely based on the secondary information. Paper contents four Sections: first the work of the three founding theorists of Western Sociology, Karl Marx; Émile Durkheim and Max Weber, secondly, I have exemplified the development of organizational theory and the emergence of challenges to the traditional rational approaches to understand the organization; where I have analyzed the work of Classical theorists- Max Weber, Henri Fayol, Frederick Taylor, Luther Halsey Gulick, Herbert A. Simon, Berton H. Kaplan, modern theorist- Michel Foucault, Jurgen Habermas, Jacques Derrida, Jurgen Habermas etc. Third Section covers the contemporary theories and perspectives. In this section I have exemplified how Philip Selznick, Peter Blau, James David Thompson and Charles Perrow incorporated the Weber notion of bureaucracy followed by DiMaggio, Paul, J. and Walter W. Powell etc. and in forth section, covers the feminist approach in theory building with focus of organizational analysis (with the focus of Arlene Daniels, Dorothy Smith, Marjorie DeVault, Gisela Bock and Susan James, Martha Calas, Linda Smircich etc. work). This paper has detailed footnotes quoted from the original sources and contents useful reference of the sociological theory and practices for concerned social scientist to build their knowledge base and research direction.

The proper role and high importance of regional peculiarity of innovation and technological activity in the context of ensuring technological competitiveness of the economy depends on its identification and understanding of the critical differentiation of the regions of Ukraine by the number of innovatively active enterprises, production volumes, share of realized innovative products, as well as the positioning the regions of Ukraine by the share of enterprises with technological innovations, the rate of its growth and the share of realized innovative products in the total volume of industrial products sold. It is shown that the modern policy of ensuring technological competitiveness of the Ukrainian economy is formed in the context of contemporary challenges of global competition, fundamental features, which are the impact of global crises, financial and economic instability; increase of external expansion due to processes of globalization, development of information economy; pressure on the country's debt; increase in import dependency; high external labour migration activity; destabilization of economic development through military conflict and hybrid attacks; critical disparities in regional development. The strategic priorities of the state policy of ensuring technological competitiveness of the Ukrainian economy have been determined: intensification of technological development of the economy, growth of the general level of innovative activity, formation of a competitive market of intellectual property, development of infrastructure for support of technological innovations, improvement of resource provision of innovative activity, improvement of business parameters of competition.

In this article we would like to touch upon the problem of reprehensible practices, pathologies that are present in many economic organizations today. We would like to consider how much unethical behavior should be largely attributed to employees, and how much it is associated with external cultural, organizational and situational factors. With this perspective, the author wants to associate pathologies in the workplace with the rich in associations, synonymous with the word kitsch, which can also be applied to economic and business issues. It is worth emphasizing that kitsch and pathology seem to permeate, and maybe even one of them can result from another. This is a paradox that the author wants to address in this article. The proper tracking of the activities of organizations by their management is the basic form of preventing pathologies in the organization. It is also associated with a significant impact on the economy, because the effectiveness of work is closely related to the problems of anxiety or embarrassment in the workplace. Some researchers may conclude that kitsch, pathology and frustration that leads to professional burnout can often be related to workaholism or even law violations in specific companies. This article is based on the method of critical analysis of literature and the method of deduction in observing behavior in organizations.

Social fear of crime is a phenomenon of interest to scientific disciplines. The present study draws primarily on the achievements of criminology. It shows that there are different ways of interpreting fear of crime, explaining its causes and responding to it. The conclusions also depend on the perspectives - whether it is the perspective of an individual, small social groups or large social structures. There are always objective and subjective elements in evaluations, including irrational ones. The latter hinder rational criminal policy. Fear of crime has negative social consequences, such as a loss of citizens' sense of security, aggressive attitudes, a loss of trust in law enforcement services, a reduction in the need for social contact, a reduction in the willingness to provide assistance - as a result, an increase in crime and an even greater sense of threat, particularly affecting socially weaker groups. The rigour and emotional approach to the problem of punishing criminals, resulting from the fear of crime, gives rise to the phenomenon of so-called penal populism, often used by politicians with the participation of the media. Finally, the economic costs of social fear of crime are not insignificant. For these reasons, the phenomenon should not be underestimated, but should not be overestimated, because in the context of other threatening situations and various dangers, it does not constitute the main feeling of threat to citizens and is far behind such fears as social, economic, health, fear of war, etc. Favourable developments in areas other than internal security, e.g. increased prosperity reduces social fear of crime more than restrictive criminal law.