Corrosion phenomena, control, and prevention are significant scientific issues that require ongoing attention due to the increasing demand for metallic materials in various technological developments. The use of natural inhibitors is an attractive option for preventing corrosion due to their environmental friendliness, cost-effectiveness, and ease of sourcing and renewability. This research investigates the potential of locally sourced, non-edible plants as corrosion inhibitors. Specifically, extracts from Lantana camara, Cassia occidentalis, and Ricinus communis seeds and leaves were tested on mild steel in a 2M HCl solution to determine their corrosion prevention potency and compare the inhibitive properties between the leaves and seeds of each plant. The maceration method was employed for extraction using ethanol as the solvent. Corrosion tests were conducted using the weight loss technique to determine the corrosion rate of mild steel coupons over a 14-day period, with measurements taken at 24-hour intervals. The results indicate that Cassia occidentalis leaves and Lantana camara leaves exhibit lower corrosion rates compared to their respective seeds. Conversely, Ricinus communis seeds showed a lower corrosion rate than its leaf extract. All inhibitors demonstrated notable inhibitive properties, with Cassia occidentalis leaves displaying the highest inhibitive efficiency, likely due to its high phytochemical constituents.

This paper outlines an evaluation and comparison of three different You Only Look Once (YOLO) object detection models - YOLOv3, YOLOv8, and YOLOv10 for use in automated license plate recognition (ALPR) systems. To analyze these models, a total of 261 license plate images were collected from the car park of an auditorium inside the University of Lagos, Nigeria. Metrics of each model (accuracy, precision, recall, F1 score, and training efficiency) were used to measure the performance of the models. Results indicates that YOLOv8 (accuracy of 86.9%, precision score 100%, recall of 87%, and an F1 score of 0.93) significantly outperformed the other models, demonstrating its potential as a robust solution for object detection. In contrast, YOLOv3 had an accuracy of 62.1%, precision of 75%, a recall of 78.3%, and an F1 score of 0.766, reflecting balanced performance but slower training times. YOLOv10, despite being the latest version, showed mixed results, achieving an accuracy of 43.2%, a precision of 47.5%, a recall of 82.6%, and an F1 score of 0.603. This study highlights the critical importance of model selection based on specific application needs and suggests that further optimization may enhance the capabilities of YOLOv10 for future developments in ALPR systems.

The increasing environmental concerns associated with petroleum-based lubricants and growing demand for environmentally friendly solutions have spurred research into non-edible green oil-based lubricants, particularly for their application in two-stroke engines. Two-stroke engines, while offering advantages in power-to-weight ratio, pose environmental challenges due to their inherent design of the oil-fuel mixture. By utilizing non-edible sources, these lubricants help avoid competition with food crops, ensuring that edible oils remain available for human consumption, while non-edible oils present a promising solution. Study have shown green oil enhances mechanical and thermal braking efficiency by 13% and 27%, while it reduces emission of CO, CO2 and HC approximately by 62%, 54% and 44% respectively compared to conventional lubricants. This review explores the properties of various non-edible green oils, including their physicochemical characteristics and potential as base stocks for lubricants production. Furthermore, it explores the challenges and opportunities associated with these non-edible green oil-based lubricants. Furthermore, it analyses previous research on the application of green oil-based lubricants in two-stroke engines, focusing on their impact on engine performance, emissions, and wear. The review also discusses the role of additives and blending in improving the overall performance of these lubricants and highlights the need for further research to optimise their application in two-stroke engines. Finally, the review identifies key research gaps and future directions, emphasizing the need for systematic investigation of blend ratios, exploration of environmentally friendly nano-additives, and rigorous engine testing to unlock the full potential of blended non-edible green oil-based lubricants for sustainable two-stroke engine applications. This review underscores the potential of blended non-edible green oil-based lubricants as viable solutions for enhancing performance in two-stroke engines and encourages further research into their long-term effects and commercial viability.

Earthquakes pose a significant threat to structural integrity and human safety, necessitating effective seismic mitigation strategies. This review paper explores the effectiveness of Fluid Viscous Dampers (FVDs) in mitigating seismic responses in high-rise structures. FVDs, as passive energy dissipation devices, enhance structural resilience by reducing inter-story drift, base shear, and overall structural accelerations without significantly altering stiffness. The study compares FVDs with alternative damping systems, including Tuned Mass Dampers (TMDs), Hysteretic Dampers (HDs), Friction Dampers (FDs), and Lead Rubber Bearings (LRBs), highlighting the superior adaptability and efficiency of FVDs in high-rise applications. Placement strategies for FVDs, their integration with other damping systems, and their effectiveness under varying seismic intensities are examined. Findings indicate that uniform distribution across all stories ensures balanced energy dissipation, while targeted placement at lower levels enhances efficiency in specific structural configurations. Also, hybrid approaches, such as combining FVDs with BRBs or base isolation, show promising outcomes in optimizing seismic resilience. The review suggests the importance of further research into computational optimization and practical implementation, torsional irregularities, uniform load distribution in high-rise structures on FVD performance particularly in developing regions like Nigeria, where seismic risks are evolving.

Reducing cost of production arising from high energy due to friction and tool failure using cheaper readily available and environment friendly lubricant is evaluated in this study. An experimental evaluation of tribological properties of Canarium Shweinfurthi (African Elimi) was carried out using Ring Compression Test. This was carried out using Boron Nitride as additive to determine the best quantity that can be added in vegetable oil lubricants. The formulated oils were applied to the die/ring surfaces as they were compressed in the Califonia Bearing Ratio (CBR) using digital display Testometric Universal Testing Machine. The results show that friction factors for the developed lubricant range between m = 0.3 and 0.4 while the frictional coefficient results show μ = 0.07 to 0.09 which compared favorably to referenced (mineral) oil which has m = 0.4 and μ = 0.12. Additionally, frictional coefficient obtained from the developed lubricant are within the range for vegetable lubricants such as groundnut oil, palm oil, palm kernel and shear oil which range from 0.072 to 0.3. Furthermore, it was observed that Canarium Shweinfurthi oil could be used as substitute to mineral based oils that are currently in use as lubricants in manufacturing process. Therefore, industrial organizations can take advantage of the benefits this natural, environmentally friendly, biodegradable and low toxicity oil lubricant presents.

Increase in the cost of fossil fuels as a source of energy, coupled with environmental pollution associated with their consumption, calls for the search for alternative energy sources. Therefore, this study focused on the construction and performance evaluation of a biodigester to produce biogas as a renewable energy source for domestic use. A 24-litre biodigester was constructed and used in this study. The biogas was produced using a mixture of cassava peels and avocado seeds with cow dung as inoculum under mesophilic conditions. The cassava peels and avocado seeds were mixed in the ratio 5:1. The experiment was carried out under mesophilic conditions, while the mass and composition of the produced biogas were measured. The findings showed the production of 256 g of biogas corresponding to 0.438 m3. The biogas produced was found to contain 64.4% of methane, 5% of water vapour, 0.9% of O2 content, 560 ppm of CO, and 478 ppm of H2S. interestingly, a relatively higher methane content was observed in this study than in previous studies. Thus, implying the influence of the choice of the agricultural wastes (cassava peels and avocado seeds in this case) and inoculum used as substrate which enhanced anaerobic digestion process in connection with the improved biodigester. These results revealed that biogas generation could be achieved using locally sourced agricultural wastes and thus promoting green and renewable energy in agreement with the Sustainable Development Goals. Therefore, Biogas production would not only provide an alternative source of energy but would also aid in farmland and marketplaces' waste management.

This study investigated thermal death time (D – value) of Bacillus cereus in acha starch flour, with the aim of providing thermo-bacteriological data that would enhance the safety of acha starch flour. The data would therefore serve as a guide to potential food processors, engineers and scientists thereby promoting the starch usage in food development and formulation beyond its present status. Acha starch was prepared, stored under hygienic conditions and sterilized in an autoclave prior to its thermal treatments. The sample water activity (aw) was then adjusted, and the value confirmed via the aw meter. Design Expert 13 for window was used for the experimental lay-out, comprising three inactivation temperatures and aw values with all experiments conducted in triplicate. The Bacillus cereus thermal destruction characteristics were obtained by plotting number of survivor (CFU/g) against time and corresponding D-value was determined. The D-values obtained were analyzed descriptively and inferentially using Turkey’s posthoc test (Design-Expert 7.00) for Window and fitted into a linear equation representing the dependent and independent variables. The D-value ranged from 20.4 to 12 min. as water activity and destruction temperature changed from 0.55 and 92.1 °C to 0.65 and 80 °C, respectively. The interactive effects of water activity and destruction temperature on natural logarithm of D-value of Bacillus cereus in acha starch flour was linear. The maximum D-value was observed at 80 °C temperature when the water activity was 0.55. This study, therefore, provides valuable thermo-bacteriological data that could be employed as a guide to potential food processors, scientists and engineers in order to improve consumption safety of the product.

This study investigates the application of plantain peduncle extract (PPE) as a green corrosion inhibitor of copper in 1 M hydrochloric acid (HCl) using electrochemical, adsorption, and surface analysis techniques. Ethanol-extracted PPE was tested at concentrations of 0.1–0.3 mL and temperatures of 30–50°C. Electrochemical tests, such as potentiodynamic polarization and open circuit potential (OCP) measurement, proved PPE to inhibit corrosion current density (Jcorr) by a maximum of 88% and anodically shift corrosion potential (Ecorr), with the maximum inhibition efficiency of 89.5% occurring at 0.3 mL PPE and 40°C. similarly, adsorption experiments confirmed that Freundlich isotherm (R² = 0.906 at 40°C) best described the process, indicating heterogeneous multilayer physisorption, also confirmed by Gibbs free energy values (ΔGads = -16.58 to -19.78 kJ/mol). In addition, optical micrographs confirmed these findings, with minimal pitting and smooth surfaces in ideal conditions (0.3 mL PPE, 40°C), compared to extensive corrosion in uninhibited samples. Statistical comparison using Analysis of Variance, (ANOVA) revealed the significant influence of concentration (p < 0.0001) and temperature (p = 0.0048), with their interaction (p = 0.0213) showing the necessity of balanced operating parameters. While PPE functioned well under middle temperatures, efficiency reduced at 50°C (IE% = 80.2%), reflecting thermal limitations.

The concept of smart homes has gained more interest in recent years, as the unwavering advancement in IoT technologies enable devices to operate and communicate autonomously. As urbanization accelerate and energy demand increase, on-grid energy system faces significant challenges, including high carbon emissions, energy inefficiency, and reliance on nonrenewable energy sources. The incorporation of solar power into this system not only reduces dependence on traditional energy sources but also promotes sustainability by utilizing clean, renewable energy. The research Present a comprehensive model that addresses these challenges, focusing on energy efficiency, seamless IoT integration, user interaction, scalability. A potable model called SMHome system is powered by solar energy, developed with an algorithm for monitoring and controlling the home autonomously over the internet. The Arduino Nano collects data from various sensors (temperature, motion) and communicates with the ESP8266 for Wi-Fi connectivity. The ESP8266 sends this sensor data to a cloud platform via TCP, allowing remote monitoring and control through a mobile app. Integration with the IFTTT app enables automation, where specific triggers from the sensors can initiate actions, such as sending notifications or controlling devices based on user-defined conditions. The proposed SMHome system is structured in a form that a potable box powered by solar energy can only be easily and efficiently control appliances over the Internet and support home safety with autonomous operation. By integrating solar energy with IoT technologies, the research demonstrates the potential for improved energy management, reduced environmental impact and enhanced quality of life for residents.