Any machining operation that generates heat must adequately dissipate it to minimize thermal stresses on the tool-workpiece contact. This inescapable heat production phenomenon, caused by using suboptimal machining parameters and a lack of long-lasting machining lubricant, adversely impacts the finished surface quality, tool destruction rate, and workpiece structure. Therefore, this review focuses on optimizing machining parameters and nano-lubricant effects on the various response parameters such as surface finishing, materials removal rate, tool wear rate, and cutting forces under drilling, grinding, and turning machining. The study reviewed reputable articles from Elsevier, Springer, and other quality outlets. This review cut across the impact of machining parameters and nano-lubricants on the drilling, grinding and turning process. The study also discussed the challenges of optimizing machining parameters during the drilling, grinding, and turning.

Earthquakes pose a significant threat to structural integrity and human safety, necessitating effective seismic mitigation strategies. This review paper explores the effectiveness of Fluid Viscous Dampers (FVDs) in mitigating seismic responses in high-rise structures. FVDs, as passive energy dissipation devices, enhance structural resilience by reducing inter-story drift, base shear, and overall structural accelerations without significantly altering stiffness. The study compares FVDs with alternative damping systems, including Tuned Mass Dampers (TMDs), Hysteretic Dampers (HDs), Friction Dampers (FDs), and Lead Rubber Bearings (LRBs), highlighting the superior adaptability and efficiency of FVDs in high-rise applications. Placement strategies for FVDs, their integration with other damping systems, and their effectiveness under varying seismic intensities are examined. Findings indicate that uniform distribution across all stories ensures balanced energy dissipation, while targeted placement at lower levels enhances efficiency in specific structural configurations. Also, hybrid approaches, such as combining FVDs with BRBs or base isolation, show promising outcomes in optimizing seismic resilience. The review suggests the importance of further research into computational optimization and practical implementation, torsional irregularities, uniform load distribution in high-rise structures on FVD performance particularly in developing regions like Nigeria, where seismic risks are evolving.

Urban vegetation is one of the key essential components that contributes to ecological balance and environmental sustainability. However, due to rapid urbanization in the last few decades, there has been cases of vegetation loss which has increased the land surface temperature (LST) and affected the environmental sustainability. Thus, the aim of this study is assessing the impact of vegetation loss on Land Surface Temperature of Bwari Area Council during the periods of 1990-2021, using geospatial techniques. The support vector machine (SVM) supervised classification algorithm was used to classify Satellite imageries into land use land cover (LULC) maps according into buildup area, water body, vegetation and rock/bare ground using ArcGIS Pro. All the classified LULC maps had an overall accuracy of more than 90% with the overall Kappa coefficient also more than 0.9. The analysis of LULC estimation suggests a significant increase in Built-up areas (+ 255.45%) and a reduction in Vegetated areas (-75.17 %) from 1990 to 2021. Brightness temperature, Land Surface Emissivity (LSE) and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) were computed to estimate land surface temperature. The results show that the LST was higher in the regions of built-up areas and rock/bare ground but lower in vegetated areas with the maximum temperature of the study area increasing from 37.11 °C in 1990 to 58.87 °C in 2021. Correlation between land surface temperature and NDVI/NDBI for the study periods was carried out. The results show that correlations between NDVI and LST are rather weak negative, but there is a strong positive correlation between NDBI and LST. These results call for implementation of policies to control rapid urban growth in Bwari Area Council and preserve vegetal covers and as well an extension of the implementation of the Abuja Master Plan to Satellite Towns around Abuja.

Global lubricant demand is on the increase and the continual consumption of mineral oil-based lubricant has devastating environmental impact. Despite the identification of animal fat and vegetable oil as alternatives to mineral oil-based lubricants, there is concern about its sustainability due to the food-versus-lubricant debate. Thus, non-edible vegetable oil-based lubricant development has become a topical area of research. In this paper, the study of physicochemical, rheological, temperature, thermo-oxidative stability, corrosion inhibition and biodegradability properties of castor oil extracted from Nigerian grown castor bean seeds was conducted using standard test methods. The results show that castor oil has specific gravity of 0.955, free fatty acid value of 19.74 mg KOH/g, pH of 5.76, saponification value of 185.41 mg KOH/g and Iodine value of 92.1 gI2/100g oil. An assessment of the rheological and temperature properties of the castor oil gave kinematic viscosity at 400C and 1000C as 280.6 cSt and 77.5 cSt respectively, viscosity index of 33.4, pour point of -23.20C, cloud point of -12.40C and flash point of 2820C. The peroxide value of the castor oil was 8.92 meq/Kg and it was of corrosion grade 0. The castor oil has higher viscosity at 400C, lower viscosity index, and poor physicochemical properties compared to the SAE 20W50. The properties of the castor oil require improvement except its cold flow, flash point and corrosion inhibition properties. The castor oil is highly biodegradable while the SAE 20W50 has poor biodegradability. Therefore, castor oil conforms to ISO VG220 grade lubricant and qualifies to be called a biolubricant.

This research investigates bio-oil production from soursop seed through pyrolysis, with process modelling and optimization conducted using RSM via Box-Benkhen design. Soursop seeds were oven-dried, ground, and sieved into various particle sizes within 1.0 to 6 mm range before undergoing pyrolysis at temperatures between 400 to 600 °C under inert nitrogen gas flow rates between 1.0 to 1.5 L/min. A Box-Behnken design under Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was used to model and optimize the effects of temperature, particle size, and inert gas flow on bio-oil yield. Proximate and ultimate analyses characterized the feedstock, while SEM revealed a porous structure favorable for pyrolysis. Bio-oil was characterized using FTIR and GC-MS to identify key functional groups and fatty acid composition. Proximate analysis showed the seeds had high volatile matter and fixed carbon, indicating good potential for pyrolysis. Ultimate analysis revealed carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, and sulphur contents of 51.29%, 5.90%, 0.50%, 42.30%, and 0.01%, respectively. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) showed a rough, porous structure with oil-like droplets on the surface, which enhanced pyrolysis efficiency by providing a larger reactive surface area and improving devolatilization rates. The experimental design considered temperature, particle size, and gas flow rate combinations, with the bio-oil yield as the response. Results showed that increases in these parameters significantly affected bio-oil production. The maximum observed yield of 33.1% was achieved at 500°C, 6 mm particle size, and 1.0 L/min gas flow. The RSM model showed a high degree of fit with an R² value of 0.9875, adjusted R² of 0.9715, and predicted R² of 0.8007. Optimization predicted a maximum yield of 31.43% under conditions of 461.84°C, 3.84 mm particle size, and 1.02 L/min flow rate, with a desirability of 1.0. Experimental results closely matched these predictions, validating the model. Similarly, FTIR analysis indicates that the predominant monounsaturated fatty acid made up 45.55% of the total fatty acid content, which depicts that the oil belongs to the linoleic acid group. Furthermore, the FTIR analysis reveals that the alkene group contributes to increased reactivity and combustion efficiency, boosts the octane number of the bio-oil, and decreases the boiling point of the oil. Therefore, the FTIR and GC-MS analysis findings confirm that the bio-oil was within ASTM specifications.

This study investigated thermal death time (D – value) of Bacillus cereus in acha starch flour, with the aim of providing thermo-bacteriological data that would enhance the safety of acha starch flour. The data would therefore serve as a guide to potential food processors, engineers and scientists thereby promoting the starch usage in food development and formulation beyond its present status. Acha starch was prepared, stored under hygienic conditions and sterilized in an autoclave prior to its thermal treatments. The sample water activity (aw) was then adjusted, and the value confirmed via the aw meter. Design Expert 13 for window was used for the experimental lay-out, comprising three inactivation temperatures and aw values with all experiments conducted in triplicate. The Bacillus cereus thermal destruction characteristics were obtained by plotting number of survivor (CFU/g) against time and corresponding D-value was determined. The D-values obtained were analyzed descriptively and inferentially using Turkey’s posthoc test (Design-Expert 7.00) for Window and fitted into a linear equation representing the dependent and independent variables. The D-value ranged from 20.4 to 12 min. as water activity and destruction temperature changed from 0.55 and 92.1 °C to 0.65 and 80 °C, respectively. The interactive effects of water activity and destruction temperature on natural logarithm of D-value of Bacillus cereus in acha starch flour was linear. The maximum D-value was observed at 80 °C temperature when the water activity was 0.55. This study, therefore, provides valuable thermo-bacteriological data that could be employed as a guide to potential food processors, scientists and engineers in order to improve consumption safety of the product.

This investigation analyzes hydroxyapatite (HAp) derived from tilapia fish scales as a green and sustainable corrosion inhibitor for copper in 1M HCl. While fish scales are an abundant biowaste source, the use of the scales' in assessing its corrosion inhibition capability will provide an eco-compatible option for the protection of industrial metals. The hydroxyapatite was purified using a multi-step process consisting of deproteinization, alkaline treatment, and high-temperature calcination under 1000°C to yield a purified nano-HAp powder. Open Circuit Potential (OCP), Linear Sweep Voltammetry (LSV), and Tafel polarization were used to determine the corrosion inhibition efficiency under various temperatures (30°C, 40°C, and 50°C) and different concentrations (0.2 g, 0.4 g, and 0.6 g). The results showed an extensive reduction in the current density of the corrosion and the rate of the corrosion, with a maximum inhibition efficiency of (~95%) occurring under the 0.6 g concentration. The analysis of the adsorption showed that the inhibitor conformed to the Freundlich and Temkin isotherms, inferring multilayer adsorption and strong surface interactions. Optical micrographs corroborated the protective capability of the inhibitor through reduced roughness of the surface and reduced pitting. This study established that hydroxyapatite obtained from fish scales is an effective alternative, and eco-compatible corrosion inhibitor, contributing to waste reduction and green chemistry.

Tannery wastewater is characterized by its high organic load and toxicity, primarily due to the presence of putrescible matter and heavy metals. This study aimed to simulate a comprehensive treatment process for tannery wastewater using Sewage Treatment Operation Analysis over Time (STOAT) software. The quality of treated wastewater from the simulation was evaluated against the National Environmental Standards and Regulations Enforcement Agency (NESREA) discharge standards to meet environmental safety requirements. The treatment system incorporated a multi-stage approach, including physical preliminary treatment units, chemical primary treatment, and biological secondary treatment. Additionally, the system featured a biogas production section and sludge dewatering units to maximize resource recovery. The simulation effectively modeled the treatment processes, capturing operational dynamics and interactions across the treatment units. Key pollutants, such as biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), total suspended solids (TSS), ammonia, and nitrate were monitored. Additionally, the study explored the impact of hydraulic retention time (HRT) on treatment efficiency. The results indicated that all parameters met NESREA's permissible discharge limits at various residence times. Similarly, the observed trends aligned with findings reported in the literature. Furthermore, the biogas yield from the simulation was 0.27 kg/m³ of tannery influent, with a maximum methane purity of 41%. Digested sludge was generated at a rate of 0.072 m³/m³ of tannery influent. However, extending digester residence time did not significantly enhance biogas yield or methane concentration, suggesting the need for process optimization or pre-treatment strategies. This research demonstrates the effectiveness of STOAT as a simulation tool for designing tannery wastewater treatment processes, ensuring compliance with stringent regulatory standards while optimizing resource recovery through biogas generation and sludge management. The findings emphasize the necessity of integrating physical, chemical, and biological treatment processes to enhance contaminant removal and improve the sustainability of tannery wastewater management.

Water resources remain the most essential need for both human and ecosystems sustenance. Continuous check of both surface and ground water quality remains a welcome approach globally to secure water safety and fitness for different purposes. This study aims to examine the effect of turbidity concentration on water quality of Hartbeespoort dam using remote sensing and Arc GIS. Study objectives examined the present situation of the dam water, access complete one year (2023) data of the water quality variations as weather changes. Remote sensing and Arc GIS application was utilized for this study with the use of Landsat 8-9 Operational Land Imager (OLI) and Thermal Infrared Sensor (TIR). NSMI mapping of turbidity showed high values range of 2.054 high concentration in the month of October, in February, 6.171 in June and 8.273 in October, 2023. NDTI (Normalized Difference Turbidity Index) mapping equally recorded high value of 2.194 in the month of October. The regression analysis utilizes Linear, Exponential and polynomial equation to examine seasonal variation of turbidity in Dam water. The result revealed a strong correlation such as (NDTI in Linear regression analysis records (R2 )= 0.54 while NSMI in linear regression records ( R2 )= 0.35. The value derived from NDTI and NSMI algorithm confirmed the capacity of band combination indices in retrieving suspended sediment in form of turbidity using Landsat 8-9. These study findings also punctuate the effectiveness of Landsat 8-9 satellite imagery in evaluating turbidity concentration especially in situations where in-situ data is not available.

Despite global advances in Construction 4.0 technologies for supporting circular economy (CE) goals, adoption remains limited in developing countries particularly Nigeria where contextual barriers remain poorly understood. Digital tools such as Building Information Modelling (BIM) and Internet of Things (IoT), drive sustainability through resource efficiency, waste minimization, and a closed-loop material flow. However, the extent to which these technologies are adopted in developing countries like Nigeria remains under-researched. This study investigates the specific challenges impeding the adoption of Construction 4.0 technologies in advancing CE practices within the Nigerian construction industry. While global literature highlights barriers such as cost, regulatory gaps, and resistance to change, this research uncovers localized obstacles including infrastructural deficiencies, poor internet reliability, dominance of the informal construction sector, and limited technical training opportunities. Using a qualitative research design, semi-structured interviews were conducted with industry professionals in Lagos State, Nigeria who were selected through purposive and snowball sampling to ensure relevance insights. Thematic analysis revealed that while most of the barriers identified mirror those already established in global literature such as high implementation costs, general lack of awareness, regulatory inadequacies, lack of standardization, skill shortages and implementation capacity, the study also uncovers additional, context-specific challenges that deepen understanding of these barriers in Nigeria’s setting. These include chronic infrastructural deficiencies such as unreliable internet and power supply, the dominance of an informal construction sector that resists standardization and technological uptake, and deep-seated cultural resistance to digital transformation. Furthermore, the study finds that even where awareness of technologies like BIM exists, practical adoption remains minimal due to the absence of policy support, technical training frameworks, and adequate incentives. For instance, several participants noted that Construction 4.0 tools are seen as “premium” and often incompatible with the cost and workflow structures of small- and medium-sized firms, especially those operating informally. This paper contributes to the literature by situating global adoption challenges within a localized Nigerian context, highlighting how familiar barriers are amplified by the institutional dynamics specific to developing countries, particularly Nigeria. The findings offer insights for policymakers, construction firms, and educators seeking to promote CE through construction 4.0. The findings also have practical implications for improving policy, workforce training, and infrastructure investment strategies tailored to Nigeria’s construction sector. By revealing how global challenges manifest in context-specific ways, the study supports the development of targeted interventions that bridge the gap between innovation and local feasibility.