Ülkemizde ve Dünyada son yıllarda yaşanan teknolojik gelişmeler çerçevesinde sürekli artış gösteren bir enerji ihtiyacı söz konusu olmuştur. Bu ihtiyaç çerçevesinde mevcut tükenebilir enerji kaynakları (petrol, doğalgaz vs) yetersiz kalmakla beraber yüksek oranda çevreye zarar vermektedir. Süreç içerisinde yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklarının (biyogaz, güneş enerjisi vs.) önemi bir daha anlaşılmıştır. Yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklarının kullanımı ile sürekli ve temiz bir enerji sağlamak mümkün olacaktır. Bu çalışma da, Konya-Cihanbeyli ilçesinin süt ve besi çiftliklerinden oluşan hayvansal atık ve tarımsal atık yoğunluğu gözlemlenmiş olup; T.C. Enerji ve Tabi Kaynaklar Bakanlığı Enerji İşleri Genel Müdürlüğü Biyokütle Enerjisi Potansiyeli Atlası (BEPA) verileri, T.C. Tarım ve Orman Bakanlığı Cihanbeyli İlçe Tarım Müdürlüğünün verileri ve kullanılan eşitlikler yardımıyla biyogaz ve biyogaz enerji potansiyeli belirlenmiştir. Büyükbaş hayvanlarda toplam 584935.3 ton, Küçükbaş hayvanlarda toplam 120942.8 ton Kanatlı hayvanlarda ise Toplam 2402.3 ton atık miktarı buna bağlı olarak biyogaz üretiminde kullanılabilir olan atık miktarları sırasıyla, 39483.1; 4716.8; 1094 ton olarak hesaplanmıştır. Toplam tarımsal atık miktarı ise 577038.60 ton olarak belirlenmiştir. Araştırmada yıllık biyogaz potansiyeli toplam 12.41 milyon. m³ /yıl ve enerji eş değeri toplam 343.76 milyon MJ/kg olarak hesaplanmıştır.

The present study investigated the effects of three fertilization (N-P2O5-K2O) rates (F1: 240-100-120 kg ha-1, F2: 192-80-96 kg ha-1, F3: 154-64-77 kg ha-1) coupled with four irrigation practices (Control: C, irrigated at the 100% field capacity, Drought: D, irrigated 60% of C, Saline: S, irrigated at the 100% field capacity, Drought and saline: D+S, irrigated 60% of S) on sweet corn yield, evapotranspiration (ET), water use efficiency (WUE), and shoot fresh-dry weights. The obtained results depicted that the grain yield at D, S, and D+S treatments decreased by 24.2%, 46.6%, and 62.0%, respectively, relative to the C treatment. Moreover, grain yield at the F3 condition was reduced by 45.3% compared to the F1 condition. Additionally, the highest ET (330.7 mm) and yield (74.0 g) was achieved with F1×C treatment. The F2 and F3 treatments reduced WUE by 17.9% and 31.5%, respectively, compared to the F1 treatment. The highest reduction in yield, ET, WUE, and shoot fresh-dry weights was found at D+S irrigation treatment under all fertilization conditions. The tallest plants were observed in the F1×C treatment, being 24.0%, 33.5%, and 43.2% taller than plants in the F1×(D+S), F2×(D+S), and F3×(D+S) treatments, respectively. Under F3 conditions, exposing sweet corn plants to single or combined salinity and drought stress remarkably degraded the growth ability of the plants, and therefore, it is not economical and sustainable cultivation for agriculture. Finally, cultivation of sweet corn plants under individual or combined drought-salinity stress is not recommended due to the high reduction in grain yield.

Türkiye has a very suitable climate for viticulture, and different grape varieties have been grown in almost every region since ancient times. Although these grape varieties have different names, there are also grape varieties with the same genetic structure. In particular, in the Black Sea Region, Vitis labrusca, which is resistant to heavy rainfall and humidity, and hybrids of this species grow. However, it is known that different genotypes of this species are grown in the region. Genetic confusion exists in Vitis labrusca L. and its hybrids due to natural pollen transfer and crossing. This study evaluated the genetic similarities and differences among Vitis varieties and genotypes, mainly Vitis labrusca genotypes, with 18 different SSR primers. In the genetic relationship dendrogram, the varieties/genotypes showed similarity at rates ranging from 0.65% to 0.98%. The highest similarity rate between the varieties and genotypes used in the study was determined between the genotypes 5 '57 Gerze 04' and 6 '61 Of 04' with 92%. The results obtained have revealed different grape gene pools, especially in the Black Sea Region, and are expected to contribute to disease resistance breeding studies in the future significantly. Increasing consumer awareness of climate change will increase the interest in disease-resistant or tolerant grapes, such as Vitis labrusca species, in the coming years.

Strawberry is a fruit species that must be harvested at full ripening and at the same time has an extremely short shelf life and deteriorates rapidly. Therefore, it is important to extend the shelf life after harvest. In this study, putrescine and modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) were applied during cold storage in order to maintain the quality and extend the shelf life of strawberry fruit. The commercial ripening fruit were treated with 1 mM putrescine and stored in MAP for 20 days. The quality characteristics such as weight loss, soluble solids content, titratable acidity, fruit color, organic acid and phenolic content were measured and analyzed on days 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20 of storage. At the end of 20 days of the cold storage, the highest weight loss was in control treatment (%). The decrease in soluble solids content (SSC) and titratable acidity (TA) values during cold storage was slowed down by MAP and putrescine treatments. Organic acids and phenolic compounds were significantly affected by storage time and MAP and putrescine treatments. After 20 days of the cold storage, citric acid (748.91 mg 100 g -1) and malic acid (258.34 mg 100 g-1), which were determined as basic organic acids, were highest in putrescine treatment. Shikimic acid (0.77 mg 100 g-1) and isocitric acid (112.58 mg 100 g-1) as phenolic compounds were highest in MAP and MAP+ putrescine treatments, respectively. These results releaved that the application of putrescine and modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) during cold storage significantly extends the market life of strawberries by preserving their quality attributes.

Germination and seedling growth periods have a very important function in plant life. Especially in cases where abiotic stress conditions occur, these periods are of vital importance for the sustainability of plant life. Taking this into account, this research was conducted to determine the most suitable temperature for germination and seedling growth parameters of cotton varieties. In this research conducted under controlled conditions, germination and seedling development parameters of two cotton varieties (May-344 and Candia) were tested at 8 different temperature levels (8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32 and 36°C). It was determined that the germination percentage was 45.17-16.17%, the germination time was 4.06-3.94 days and the emergence rate index was 1.89-0.58 in May-344 and Candia cotton varieties, respectively. Moreover; root length 37.89-16.43 mm, stem length 44.69-41.00 mm, root fresh weight 22.40-19.51 mg, stem fresh weight 90.37-131.80 mg and the root/stem ratio was 0.26-0.16 mg/mg in May-344 and Candia cotton varieties, respectively. The results of the experiment revealed that most of the tested parameters were significantly affected by temperature. The highest germination rate, as the average of the two varieties and for both varieties separately, was obtained at 20 oC and no germination occurred at 8 oC. Except root to shoot ratio, other seedling growth parameters were maximum between 20-32 oC and decreased at higher temperatures.

2012-2013 yıllarında Mısır (Zea mays) ile sulu koşullarda ikinci ürün olarak yürütülen çalışmada; farklı mısır çeşitleri ve sıra arası mesafe denenmiştir. Araştırmada; KWS 6565, Tarex 596 ve Maro SNH 8606 mısır çeşitleri ile 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24 cm sıra üzeri mesafe alarak ayarlanmıştır. Tesadüf Bloklarında Faktöriyel Düzenleme Deneme desenine göre 3 tekerrürlü olarak kurulan araştırmada, ham protein oranı (%), ADF (%), NDF (%), ham kül (%) ve ham selüloz (%) değerleri ile tanede bulunan yağ asidi miktarları Palmitik asit (%), Stearik asit (%), Oleik asit (%), Linoleik asit (%), Linolenik asit (%) incelenmiştir. Yıllar arasında Linolenik asit hariç incelenen tüm parametreler arasında istatistiki farklılık olmuştur. Kullanılan çeşitler içerisinde KWS 6565 çeşidi ham protein ve ham selüloz değerleri açısından istatistiksel olarak ilk grupta yer alırken, ADF değeri için en düşük istatistiksel grupta yeralmıştır. Maro SNH 8606 çeşidi yalnızca ham selüloz değerleri açısından ilk grupta yer alırken, Tarex 596 çeşidi ADF ve ham kül değerleri bakımından ilk grupta bulunmuştur. Sıklıklar açısından; 12 cm sıra üzerinde ADF ve NDF değerleri çoklu karşılaştırma testi sonucu ilk grubu oluşturmuştur. Ham protein değeri bakımından 14 cm ve 16 cm sırasıyla (%9.8-9.9) ile ilk grubu, ADF ve NDF değerinde12 cm, ham kül ve ham selüloz değerleri incelendiğinde 24 cm sıra üzeri mesafede istatistiksel olarak ilk grubu oluşturmuşlardır. Silajlık mısırda kaliteyi oluşturan bu parametreler incelendiğinde Y×Ç, Y×S ikili interaksiyonları ham kül değerleri hariç tüm parametreler açısından çok önemli bulunmuştur. Çeşit ve sıklık değerleri yıllar arasında farklılık göstermiş bu farklılık anlamlı olmuştur. YxÇxS üçlü interaksiyonu icelendiğinde tüm incelenen parametreler istatistiksel olarak önemli bulunmuştur.

Bu çalışmada Siyah Alaca süt sığırlarında süt ve döl verim özellikleri ile bu özelliklerin bazı temel etkili çevresel faktörlere göre değişiminin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Etki miktarları ve ortalamalar arasındaki farklar genel doğrusal model ve Tukey testi ile belirlenmiştir. Populasyonda laktasyon süt verimi (LSV) ile buzağılama aralığı (BA) 8620±20400 kg ve 383.07±55.46 gün olarak bulunmuştur. Varyans analizinde laktasyon sırasının (LS) pik sağımda geçen gün (PSGG) ile kuruda kalma süresi (KKS) dışındaki süt verim özellikleri üzerine etkisi önemli bulunmuştur (p

Mercury is a highly toxic heavy metal and a serious source of environmental pollutants. The purpose of the present study was to determine the effects of mercury on some life history parameters of Musca domestica Linnaeus, 1758 (Diptera: Muscidae). Forty larvae of M. domestica were placed on rearing media with three different concentrations of mercury (1.5 µg/g, 2 µg/g, 2.5 µg/g), and some life history parameters recorded (larval and pupal periods, larval, pupal and adult weights, larval and pupal survival rate). The development of M. domestica was studied at 30°C, 50% RH, and a photoperiod of 12:12 (L:D) h. In the present study, larval and pupal survival decreased as mercury concentrations increased and mercury decreased the pupal weight compared to the control. It has been demonstrated that the life-history parameters of M. domestica are sensitive to mercury residue and mercury changes in the environment. This study provides basic knowledge about the biology of this species, suggesting that the effect of the presence of mercury on larval development in corpses found in industrialized areas with high heavy metal pollution should be kept in mind in criminal investigations.

The aim of the study was to determine forage yield and silage quality in maize/sorghum (M/S) with sainfoin (SA). The field trial was conducted in 2022 to study the effects of different binary sowing ratios (80%M-20%SA, 60%M-40%SA, 30%M-70%SA; 80%S-20%SA, 60%S-40%SA, 30%S-70%SA, 100%M, 100%SA, 100%S) in 3 replications. Prior to ensiling, the hay yield and fresh yield in the intercropping plots were measured. Parameters of dry matter ratio, pH, crude protein, ADF, NDF, mineral matters, and organic acid were defined in silages opened after fermentation. Before ensiling the highest yield was obtained from maize and yield decreased with an increase in sainfoin sowing density. After ensiling, all of the silage parameters were affected by mixing ratios. When the sainfoin ratio was decreased, dry matter, crude protein, and pH of mixture silages were dramatically reduced, but mineral matters were increased. The highest dry matter was determined in sole sainfoin silage. The best results of lactic acid and acetic acid contents were defined in 80%S-20%SA and 60%S-40%SA silage (except for sole treatments). Besides, it was seen that the addition of sorghum to sainfoin silage increases lactic acid content compared to maize. As a result, intercropping of sainfoin with maize and sorghum provided profitable feed production and improved silage quality. As a result, intercropping of sainfoin with maize and sorghum provided profitable feed production and improved silage quality.

Bu çalışma, horoz ibiği (Amaranthus albus L.) bitkisinde PEG 6000 ile oluşturulan farklı ozmotik basınçta (kontrol, -0.5 MPa, -1.0 MPa ve -1.5 MPa) kuraklık stresi ile Riboflavin (B2) (kontrol, 0.1, 0.5, 1.0 ve 2.0 mM) uygulamalarının bitkide büyüme parametreleri ile biyokimyasal değişiklikler üzerine etkilerini belirlemek amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Araştırmada uygulanan faktörlerin etkisi doğrultusunda horoz ibiğinde bitki boyu (9.0-25.83 cm), kök uzunluğu (28.07-46.07 cm), gövde yaş ağırlığı (2.57-13.23 g), gövde kuru ağırlığı (0.39-1.23 g), kök yaş ağırlığı (4.79-15.90 g), kök kuru ağırlığı (0.64-2.27 g), bitki sıcaklığı (23.60-24.87°C), askorbik asit miktarı (13.55-20.96 ppm), malondialdehit (4.06-9.65 µmol g-1), azot balans indeksi (27.60-86.40 mg g-1), klorofil (28.87-41.30 SPAD), Flavonoid (0.41-1.14 dx) , antosiyanin (0.02-0.08 dx) ve suda çözülen madde miktarı (% 3.90-10.53) incelenmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda; PEG 6000 ile oluşturulan kuraklık stersi sonucunda bitki boyu, kök uzunluğu, gövde yaş ve kuru ağırlığı, kök yaş ve kuru ağırlığı, klorofil ve Flavonoid değerlerinin kısmen ya da tamamen azaldığı görülmüştür. Araştırmada sıcaklık, MDA, azot balans indeksi ile suda çözülen madde miktarında ise artışlara neden olduğu belirlenmiştir. Kuraklık stresinin askorbik asit ve antosiyanin üzerine etkisi ise istatistiksel olarak önemsiz bulunmuştur. Bu çalışmada PEG 6000 ile oluşturulan kuraklık stersine karşı riboflavin (B2) dozu uygulamalarının incelenen fizyolojik ve biyokimyasal özellikler üzerinde olumsuz etkisini azaltıcı ve düzenleyici etkiye sahip olduğu tespit edilmiştir.