The purpose of this study is to compare the effects of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and Corporate Governance (CG) on Corporate Resilience (CR) during the first and second waves of COVID-19 in Indonesia and Malaysia. Data for this study were collected from companies listed on the IDX80 of the Indonesia Stock Exchange and the FTSE Bursa Malaysia 100 of the Bursa Malaysia. STATA 14.2 was used for data analysis. The results indicate that in Indonesia, Environmental Disclosure, Social Disclosure, Board of Directors Size, and Audit Committee Size have a significant effect on CR, but not Economic Disclosure and Board of Commissioners Size. In Malaysia, only the size of the Audit Committee has a significant effect on the CR. On the other hand, during the second wave of the pandemic in 2021, CSR and CG did not significantly impact CR for Indonesia and Malaysia. This study shows that internal factors such as CSR and GC do not affect investors' decisions to buy stocks during pandemics. Future research should consider including additional variables, not limited to internal factors, but external factors such as inflation rate and interest rate. Future researchers may need to further combine financial and non-financial data to examine if these factors influence investor decisions to buy stocks during pandemics.

This study analyzes the distribution of the Human Capital Readiness Index (HCRI) among workers in disaster-prone areas of West Sumatra, focusing on Padang City and Pesisir Selatan Regency. The index, constructed through a Principal Component Analysis (PCA) of four dimensions digital competence, adaptability, information access, and sustainability planning—illustrates the workforce’s readiness for post-disaster digital transformation. Based on responses from 384 workers, results show that 50.52% fall into the High Readiness category, 25.78% Moderate, 16.41% Very High, 6.77% Low, and only 0.52% Very Low. These findings indicate that most workers demonstrate a relatively strong readiness level, supported by increasing digital exposure and adaptive capacity, yet gaps remain in planning and information access. The results highlight the importance of targeted human capital interventions and digital capacity development to ensure equitable resilience across both formal and informal sectors in disaster-affected regions

This study examines the effect of environmental innovation, carbon emission, and resource use on financial distress, with corporate governance as a moderating variable, in companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during the 2020–2024 period. The sample was selected using purposive sampling, consisting of 15 companies that consistently published sustainability reports and had environmental scores from Refinitiv LSEG, resulting in a total of 75 observations. Secondary data were obtained from financial statements and sustainability reports, and analyzed using panel data regression with the Fixed Effects Model. The findings reveal that environmental innovation has a significant negative effect on financial distress, while resource use has a significant positive effect. In contrast, carbon emission does not significantly affect financial distress. Regarding the moderating role, corporate governance positively strengthens the relationship between environmental innovation and financial distress, indicating that in the short term, high investment costs in green innovation may increase financial pressure. Meanwhile, corporate governance does not significantly moderate the effect of carbon emission on financial distress, but significantly weakens the positive effect of resource use on financial distress. Overall, the results highlight that environmental innovation is crucial in reducing financial risks, efficient resource management must be optimized, and strong corporate governance serves as a key mechanism to enhance the effectiveness of sustainability strategies.

Entrepreneurship training has been widely recognized as an effective strategy to enhance the economic empowerment of housewives, particularly in the context of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs). This study aims to examine the effect of entrepreneurship training on the economic independence of housewives, with MSME strategies as a mediating variable and socio-economic factors as a moderating variable. The research sample consisted of 133 housewives engaged in MSMEs and residing in Kembangan District. A quantitative approach using Structural Equation Modeling-Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) was employed to analyze both direct and indirect relationships among the variables. The results indicate that entrepreneurship training does not have a direct effect on economic independence. However, it significantly influences MSME strategies, which subsequently contribute positively to economic independence. This confirms the role of MSME strategies as an important mediator linking entrepreneurship training to economic outcomes. In addition, socio-economic factors were found to have a direct effect on economic independence, but they did not function effectively as moderating variables. These findings underscore that entrepreneurship training alone is insufficient to economically empower housewives. Its effectiveness depends on the implementation of appropriate MSME strategies. The study highlights the importance of strengthening MSME development as a strategic pathway to enhance the economic independence of housewives, while recognizing socio-economic conditions as direct determinants rather than moderating influences.

This study examines the role of work motivation as a moderator of the effects of competence, workload, and organizational support on the performance of Intelligence and Security personnel (Intelkam) at the Lima Puluh Kota Police Resort. Employing a quantitative explanatory survey design, the study surveyed the entire Intelkam personnel population using Likert-scale questionnaires. Data were analyzed through Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling with SmartPLS. Findings indicate that competence, workload, organizational support, and work motivation did not have statistically significant effects on personnel performance in the tested model. Moreover, work motivation did not significantly moderate the relationships between competence, workload, or organizational support and performance. These results suggest that other factors—such as leadership, organizational culture, facilities, and field task dynamics—may better explain performance variation in the Intelkam context. Recommendations include adding additional predictors and employing qualitative methods to better understand operational dynamics; practical implications urge institutional review of training programs, workload management, and enhancement of tangible organizational support to improve performance.

Culture shock among executive leadership teams has become a growing challenge in Sub-Saharan African boardrooms, largely due to the increasing frequency of cross-cultural interactions. This study investigates how cultural intelligence, cross-cultural training, and leadership style influence the occurrence of culture shock in multinational corporate governance. Drawing on Cultural Intelligence Theory and Transformational Leadership Theory, a quantitative cross-sectional design was employed using secondary data from 312 firms across Nigeria, Kenya, Ghana, and South Africa. Firm level archival data were analyzed using Pearson correlation and multiple regression analysis in STATA version 26. The results reveal a significant negative relationship between each of the three variables and culture shock: cultural intelligence cross cultural training, and leadership style. These findings suggest that firms with stronger cultural competence, structured training, and inclusive leadership are better equipped to reduce disorientation and interpersonal tension in diverse board settings. The study recommends that organizations institutionalize cultural intelligence frameworks, formalize cross-cultural training programs, and promote transformational leadership practices to improve boardroom cohesion and strategic effectiveness.

This research aims to study the factors related to perceived novelty of products and inspiration received that influence customer loyalty at retail stores in Surat Thani province. A questionnaire was used as a data collection tool, targeting 384 customers of the Klong Chan Jao store. The samples were selected using convenience sampling. The statistical methods used for data analysis included mean, standard deviation, and multiple regression analysis. The results showed that the customers' opinions in all aspects were rated the highest. In order from highest to lowest, these aspects were: customer loyalty (¯x= 4.34, S.D. = 0.60), perceived novelty of products (¯x= 4.27, S.D. = 0.58), and inspiration received (¯x = 4.25, S.D. = 0.59). The multiple linear regression analysis revealed that factors affecting customer loyalty at retail stores in Surat Thani province were statistically significant at the 0.05 level. The most significant factors, in order, were perceived novelty of products (β = 0.56, p = 0.05) and inspiration received (β = 0.32, p = 0.05) Entrepreneurs can increase customer loyalty by focusing on introducing innovative and trendy products that are in line with market trends, while inspiring customers through experiential marketing.

This study aims to determine: (1) The effect of work life balance, Work life Balance, Psychological Empowerment dan Employee Engagement on innovative work behavior in employees of PT Sinar Sosro Tbk. Kota Medan. This research is associative research using a quantitative approach. The population of this study were 103 employees of PT. Sinar Sosro Tbk. Medan City with saturated sampling purposive. Data collection using a questionnaire. Data processing in this study using the PLS (Partial Least Square) 4.0 software program the data collection techniques used in this study are questionnaires (questionnaires), interviews, in analyzing the data and information needed, the authors use data analysis techniques including measurement models (outer model), namely reliability and construct validity; and (b) discriminant validity. (2) structural model analysis (inner model), namely (a) coefficient of determination (R-square); (b) F-square; (c) hypothesis testing, namely (1) direct effect; (2) indirect effect.

Background – Europe & Asia Beverages Co., Ltd. is a top beverage manufacturer in Myanmar, offering soft drinks, energy drinks, and bottled water. As the industry grows, employees face rising job stress due to production demands and quality control measures. Psychological well-being and training are crucial for improving performance, yet often overlooked. This study examines how these factors impact employee outcomes at Europe & Asia Beverages Co., Ltd. Aim – This study aims to examine the effects of job stress, psychological well-being, and employee training on job performance in Myanmar’s beverage industry, with a specific focus on Europe & Asia Beverages Co., Ltd. Design / methodology / approach – This study employs a quantitative research approach to examine the impact of job stress, psychological well-being, and employee training on job performance at Europe & Asia Beverages Co., Ltd. in Myanmar. Data were collected using structured questionnaires distributed to 150 employees, including managers, supervisors, and laborers. The study utilized a cross-sectional design and analyzed the data using descriptive statistics, reliability tests, and SmartPLS software to test hypotheses and assess relationships between variables. Findings – The findings reveal that psychological well-being and employee training significantly and positively influence job performance. Employees with higher psychological well-being exhibit better focus, motivation, and job satisfaction, leading to improved performance. Research Implication – This research highlights the importance of fostering psychological well-being and investing in employee training to enhance job performance. Organizations should prioritize mental health initiatives, such as counselling and mindfulness programs, and implement structured training programs tailored to employees' needs. Limitations – The study's reliance on self-reported data introduces potential biases, such as social desirability bias. The cross-sectional design limits the ability to establish causal relationships between variables. Furthermore, the sample is restricted to a single organization in Myanmar's beverage industry, which may limit the generalizability of the findings to other industries or cultural contexts.

This study examines how entrepreneurial traits—risk-taking and need for achievement—influence the performance of rural women-owned microenterprises in Indonesia, with innovation as a mediating variable. Grounded in trait theory and McClelland’s Theory of Needs, it integrates psychological and behavioral perspectives to explore business outcomes in gendered, resource-limited settings. Data were collected from 227 female entrepreneurs in Agam Regency, West Sumatra, via structured questionnaires. PLS-SEM was used to analyze relationships among variables. Findings reveal that both traits positively affect innovation, which in turn enhances entrepreneurial performance. Risk-taking also has a direct impact on performance, while need for achievement operates indirectly through innovation. These results underscore the role of innovation as a key behavioral link between traits and outcomes. Notably, risk-takers may pursue performance through multiple strategies, while high achievers rely on innovation as a path to success. This study contributes to the entrepreneurship literature by contextualizing trait-performance links within rural female entrepreneurship. It offers practical insights for designing targeted programs that strengthen entrepreneurial motivation, innovation capacity, and market communication skills. The findings are relevant for policymakers and development practitioners promoting inclusive economic growth through women’s entrepreneurship.