This study examines and compares the practice of multiculturalism in Indonesia and Malaysia by situating it within their respective historical trajectories, policy frameworks, and implementation patterns in social and educational contexts. The research employs a qualitative library research design, drawing on relevant scholarly literature in the social sciences, religious studies, and the humanities. Data were analyzed using content analysis and a comparative approach, involving data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing/verification. The findings indicate that multicultural practices in Indonesia and Malaysia exhibit both similarities and differences shaped by each country's historical, cultural, and political contexts. In Indonesia, multiculturalism is grounded in the national motto Bhinneka Tunggal Ika, whereas in Malaysia it is articulated through the principle of unity embodied in the Rukun Negara. At the policy level, Indonesia constitutionally recognizes diversity through inclusive measures, such as the public recognition of religious holidays and support for the preservation of local cultures. In contrast, Malaysia adopts a National Cultural Policy, which some groups have criticized for its limited sensitivity to cultural diversity. Linguistically, Indonesian functions as a unifying national language across diverse ethnic groups, while Malaysia recognizes Malay, English, and Chinese as official languages, reflecting its multicultural composition and educational arrangements. In terms of religion, Indonesia formally acknowledges and protects multiple religions and the rights of religious minorities. In contrast, Malaysia grants Islam a privileged position as the state's official religion.

This study aims to analyze the concept of the integration of religion and science from Nidhal Guessoum’s perspective, with a particular focus on its epistemological dimension and its relevance to the development of contemporary Islamic education. The study is motivated by the limited number of works that examine in depth the epistemological aspects of Guessoum’s integrative paradigm, while discourse on the integration of knowledge in the Muslim world has largely been dominated by normative approaches such as the Islamization of knowledge. This research employs a library research method with source triangulation and a descriptive-analytical approach through an examination of Guessoum’s major works and relevant scholarly literature. The findings indicate that the paradigm of knowledge integration he proposes is grounded in three main principles: the non-contradiction between revelation and science, layered interpretation, and theistic falsification. This approach rejects rigid models of i‘jaz al-Qur’an and the Islamization of knowledge, while emphasizing a rational dialogue between religion and science. This study contributes theoretically to the strengthening of Islamic epistemology and offers practical implications for the development of Islamic education that is scientific, contextual, and open to scientific advancement.

The rapid development of digital technology has created new opportunities and challenges in higher education, particularly for Muslim students who are expected to integrate Islamic values with entrepreneurial practices. This study analyzes students as agents of Islamic technopreneurship in the digital era by examining the influence of digital literacy on Islamic entrepreneurship. The research employed a quantitative descriptive design with linear regression analysis, involving 48 first-year students from the Early Childhood Islamic Education (PIAUD) and Islamic Education Management (MPI) programs at STIT Nusantara Bekasi who participated in the 2025 orientation program themed “Independent and Visionary Students: Building Islamic Entrepreneurship Based on Halal, Sunnah, and Local Wisdom in the Digital Era. Data were collected through Likert-scale questionnaires and analyzed using descriptive statistics, normality tests, homogeneity tests, and linear regression. The results show that the classical assumptions of normality and homogeneity were met, supporting the validity of the regression model. Furthermore, the findings reveal that digital literacy significantly influences Islamic entrepreneurship, with a contribution of 20.1%. This indicates that students’ digital competencies positively strengthen entrepreneurial values such as honesty, trustworthiness, and social benefit. The study concludes that students play an essential role as agents of Islamic technopreneurship, capable of integrating digital innovation with halal business principles and local wisdom. Practically, the results emphasize the importance for higher education institutions to enhance curriculum and training programs that merge digital skills with Islamic ethical values, thereby preparing competitive and visionary Muslim technopreneurs for the global marketplace.

The issue of “santri slavery” that has circulated widely on social media has distorted the meaning of pesantren education by framing the teacher–student relationship through a paradigm of power rather than spirituality. This narration obscures the moral values underlying the traditional Islamic educational system and has generated public misunderstanding of the practice of devotion (khidmah). This study phenomenologically examines the concept of teacher’s ridha as both the moral foundation of Islamic educational ethics and a form of cultural resistance against accusations of exploitation in modern public discourse. Employing a qualitative approach with a hermeneutic phenomenological design, the research was conducted in three traditional pesantren in East Java, involving 10 active students (santri), 4 teachers (ustaz), and 3 alumni as the participants. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, participatory observation, and focus group discussions (FGD), and analyzed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). The findings reveal that teacher’s ridha serves as a value structure that governs the teacher–student relationship within a framework of compassion and moral responsibility rather than hierarchical domination. The practice of khidmah is understood as a form of experiential learning that cultivates sincerity, patience, and spiritual character formation. At the same time, the value of teacher’s ridha functions as a moral and symbolic mechanism of resistance to exploitation narratives by redefining devotion as an expression of inner freedom. Furthermore, pesantren have begun utilizing digital media to disseminate alternative narratives grounded in spirituality and adab (ethical conduct). Theoretically, teacher’s ridha is not merely an ethical value but also an epistemological mechanism in the formation of moral subjects, offering an alternative framework to secular paradigms by integrating spiritual legitimacy, exemplary conduct, and lived sincerity. Thus, teacher’s ridha operates as an authentic symbol of liberating Islamic education and as a form of cultural capital that enables pesantren to sustain their moral integrity amid the pressures of modernity.

Abu Raihan Muhammad bin Ahmad Al-Biruni, a prominent Muslim scholar born in 973 CE, made important contributions to the development of a more accurate method of Qibla direction determination. This Research aims to explore Al-Biruni's contribution to overcoming the limitations of traditional methods that lack precision by developing an innovative approach that combines astronomical observations and sophisticated mathematical calculations. By utilizing the positions of celestial bodies, such as the stars Canopus and Polaris, as well as the Sun's direction during the summer and winter solstices, Al-Biruni achieved a more accurate determination of Qibla. The research methodology uses a qualitative approach that includes an analysis of Al-Biruni's monumental work, Al-Qanun al-Mas'udi, especially book 5, section 5, which contains detailed calculations using spherical trigonometry and celestial sphere diagrams, as well as the application of sine and cosine rules in the process of calculating the Qibla Direction. The research findings show that Al-Biruni's method, which utilizes the positions of celestial bodies and spherical astronomical calculations, can produce a Qibla direction determination with a level of accuracy comparable to that of modern techniques. The originality of this approach lies in its systematic integration of astronomy and mathematics, which not only increases the accuracy of Qibla direction determination but also provides a basis for the development of contemporary scientific methods. The results of this research confirm the relevance and significance of Al-Biruni's method in bridging spiritual needs and scientific progress.

This research aims to analyze policy models for the government to prevent sexual violence against children, identify obstacles faced in its implementation, and formulate a more ideal integrative research policy model. This is research normative with a socio-legal research approach, namely analyzing normative law with an understanding of the social context and the dynamics of society. The research data, namely primary data, regulations, relevant legislation, and secondary data, were obtained from books, journals, and a report study. This research discloses that the Indonesian government has implemented several policies to handle cases of sexual violence against children. Policies that cover regulatory law, such as the Child Protection Act and the sexual violence crime act, prevention programs like child-friendly schools, as well as the provision of protective services for the victims. The implementation still faces challenges, such as a lack of coordination between institutions, limited source power, human and infrastructure, and low societal awareness, resulting in a lack of reported cases. To overcome obstacles, a more integrative and practical policy model is needed, including strengthening coordination between agencies to form a unit task special, improving source power and infrastructure, such as the regional technical implementation unit for the protection of women and children, as well as implementing more firm and restorative measures. In addition, public awareness needs to be improved through education and the public, as well as the utilization of technology in system reporting, based on big data analysis for supporting prevention, as well as handling cases of sexual violence against children more optimally.

Social justice is a fundamental principle in Islam, encompassing the regulation of inheritance law to ensure fair wealth distribution, particularly for women. Although inheritance rules in the Quran and Hadith grant rights to women, challenges such as patriarchal dominance, lack of legal awareness, and evolving roles of women in families often hinder the implementation of justice. Using the maqasid al-shariah framework as a theoretical approach, this study aims to analyze Islamic inheritance law's role in ensuring women's social justice. The methodology employed is a qualitative approach based on library research. It examines various Islamic legal sources, such as the Quran and Hadith, to understand women's inheritance rights and their obstacles in practice. Furthermore, this study explores solutions through ijtihad, hibah (gifting), and wasiyyah (bequests) to address these challenges. The findings indicate five key challenges women face in achieving social justice in inheritance law and four practical solutions to overcome these issues. This study seeks to contribute original insights into Islamic inheritance law's role in addressing women's social justice issues through the maqasid al-shariah approach.

This study explores the influence of school principals' instructional leadership on teacher performance and student learning outcomes at SD Negeri Gilis, Sarang District, Rembang Regency. The approach used in this research is descriptive qualitative, with data collection techniques including interviews, observations, and document studies. The results show that implementing the principal's instructional leadership plays a crucial role in improving the quality of lesson planning carried out by teachers. Although initially there were challenges related to the misalignment in the lesson plan preparation by most teachers, the principal's strategies, which included enhancing the quality of lesson planning, need-based academic supervision, and empowering teachers through the Teacher Working Group (KKG), successfully addressed these issues. After three months of implementation, 90% of teachers could prepare lesson plans aligned with the Merdeka Curriculum, and teacher involvement in KKG discussions significantly increased. Furthermore, time management and teaching methods in the classroom also showed improvements. This study concludes that well-planned instructional leadership by the principal, based on teacher professional development, can enhance the quality of teaching and positively impact student learning outcomes. Recommendations for further development include improving the principal's competence in academic supervision and utilizing technology in teaching.

This study aims to analyse the data-driven education quality improvement planning at SMA Negeri 1 Blora. Data-based planning enhances education quality through structured steps: identification, reflection, and improvement. This research uses a descriptive qualitative approach, with data collection techniques through observation, interviews, and documentation. The results show that the planning process at SMA Negeri 1 Blora begins with data collection through educational reports and evaluations of previous programs, followed by identifying issues by each relevant department. Reflection is conducted by analysing the data to identify root causes and formulate priority improvements. Improvement programs are then developed in the Annual Work Plan (RKT) and School Activity and Budget Plan (RKAS). Program implementation involves the entire school community, and evaluations are conducted regularly to ensure the success and relevance of the implemented programs. The results of the assessments are used for continuous improvement in budget and implementation strategies. This study concludes that structured data-based planning can enhance the quality of education and positively impact the educational practices at SMA Negeri 1 Blora.