A hybrid method of the boundary element method (BEM) and the finite element method (FEM) is proposed to establish the dynamics model before and after pulsed laser impact an LY12-CZ alloy materials, and the model with the size of 30 × 10 × 1 mm3 was obtained by the hybrid BEM/FEM. The modal responses before laser impact and the strengthening effects after laser impact were investigated by simulations and tests. As a result, the eigenvalues and frequencies before laser impact were calculated, and the distribution characteristics of residual stresses and the material’s deformation after different laser impact ways were described by comparing the single-sided, non-simultaneous double-sided, and simultaneous double-sided laser impacts. The results demonstrated that the model was feasible and effective by validating the measured and simulated values. In particular, the significant bending deformation had arisen from the model during single-sided and non-simultaneous double-sided laser impacts, and the maximum deformation amount arrived at 4.36 and 2.31 μm. However, the maximum compressive residual stress in the x direction reached 253.1 MPa during non-simultaneous double-sided laser impact, while the maximum depth of the plastic deformation layer was close to 0.188 mm during simultaneous double-sided laser impact.

We introduce a (q, τ)-deformation framework for analyzing topological invariants in non-Hermitian systems, with a focus on the Su–Schrieffer–Heeger model exhibiting asymmetric hopping. By incorporating the generalized (q, τ)-Gamma function as a spectral weighting mechanism, we define a deformed winding number ν(q,τ) that captures nonlocal memory and energy-selective effects. This new invariant retains the classical quantized winding number in the Hermitian limit but becomes fractional and continuous under non-Hermitian deformation, particularly near exceptional points or in the presence of broken reciprocity. Numerical analysis reveals that ν(q,τ) can interpolate smoothly between integer topological phases, providing a tunable geometric response sensitive to the spectral structure of the system. Our results demonstrate that (q, τ)-deformations offer a powerful tool for probing non-Hermitian topology, skin effects, and generalized bulk-boundary correspondence. This approach lays the groundwork for studying fractional topological states in spectrally complex quantum systems.

Using the pulsed laser deposition method, we investigated the fabrication and properties of β-Ga2O3 nanowires on sapphire substrates with various metal catalysts. Although most previous research has focused on growing Ga2O3 nanowires using Au and Ag catalysts, there has been limited investigation into other metal catalysts. Under the growth conditions employed in this study, β-Ga2O3 nanowires were successfully grown on sapphire substrates using Au, Ag, Cu, Ni, and Ti catalysts. The morphology and growth rates of the nanowires varied significantly depending on the type of metal catalyst and substrate. For Au, Ag, and Cu catalysts, the primary growth mechanism of the β-Ga2O3 nanowires was identified as the vapor–liquid–solid process, whereas for Ni and Ti catalysts, growth was predominantly governed by the vapor–solid mechanism. In contrast, under identical growth conditions, metals such as Sn and Cr failed to act as effective catalysts for nanowire growth due to their inability to sustain catalytic activity at the given temperature. Furthermore, the optical properties of the β-Ga2O3 nanowires were found to vary with the type of catalyst used. This study elucidates the correlation between the feasibility of nanowire growth, the resulting nanowire characteristics, and the properties of the metal catalysts, such as their melting points and eutectic points with Ga, through analysis of the phase diagram.

The laser tracker plays an important role in large-scale, high-accuracy measurement fields due to its exceptional accuracy and strong dynamic performance. For dynamic measurement tasks, using a laser tracker network measurement system is both effective and efficient. In current research on the laser tracker network, once the reference coordinate system is unified, raw observations from each station are used directly without adjustment, which limits further improvements in dynamic measurement accuracy. To address this issue, a dynamic measurement adjustment method based on distance constraints is proposed. First, four fixed points are placed on the moving target, and the distances between these points are computed using the trilateration network adjustment. These distances are then used as constraints for adjusting dynamic measurement data over time. In the user manual for Leica AT960/AT930 laser trackers, the static measurement accuracy is specified according to the ASME B89.4.19-2006 standard. However, no explicit specification is provided for dynamic measurement accuracy. To address this, the paper proposes a method for evaluating the dynamic measurement accuracy of a networked laser tracker system. Finally, a dynamic measurement system was established using a synchronization trigger and four laser trackers, and experiments were conducted with a tetrahedral artifact as the target. Experimental results show that the dynamic measurement accuracy improves by more than 70% after adjustment.

The geometry of the vane's leading-edge (LE) of a wedge diffuser determines the aerodynamic matching between the impeller and diffuser of a centrifugal compressor stage and is crucial for the performance and stable operation range (SOR) of the stage. This study presents an improved design of the vane's LE of the centrifugal compressor-III stage using the combined sweep and pre-compression configurations and performs a detailed numerical investigation to identify the effects of the geometrical modifications on the characteristics of flow in the vaneless and semi-vaneless regions and the interior of the vane passage. The influences of the surface roughness and the turbulence model on the simulation quality were first explored. The simulation results reveal that the local high-velocity flow at the vane's LE extends from the semi-vaneless region to the throat under near-choke conditions and reduces the effective through-flow area, which deteriorates the diffuser's performance. The LE modification could partially suppress the shock loss and regulate the flow at the inlet and interior of the vane passage. The adiabatic efficiency and total pressure ratio improve by 0.69% and 1.03% under the design flow rate, respectively, and the choke margin and overall SOR increase by 6.35% and 12.35%, respectively, at the design rotational speed for the M-II model. The analysis of the flow characteristics in the vane passage reveals that the swept vane reduces the separation on the vane surfaces and the energy loss, which mainly contributes to the improved stage performance. The pre-compression section generates a more uniform flow in the spanwise direction at the diffuser's inlet and improves the choke margin. The findings of this study are of reference significance for the design of high-performance diffusers.

Ultrasonic attenuation methods offer non-invasive and low-cost measurements on particle size and concentration in multiphase flows, wherein the forward model plays a critical role as it theoretically interprets the underlying physical behavior and yields the sensitivity matrix for connecting particle characteristics and ultrasonic spectrum contents. In this study, a novel Monte Carlo model (MCM) is developed, specifically tailored for the multiphase system with spherical bubbles and elastic solid particles. Within this framework, the discrete phonons are introduced to represent continuous ultrasonic waves, whose behaviors are probed statistically, with the support of the rigorous theorem on ultrasonic scattering and absorption. Thus, the acoustic attenuation coefficient is accessed numerically by counting the phonon arriving at the sensor rather than the solution of the wave equation. A bubble–liquid two-phase system is investigated first, providing numerical validation with the classical ECAH model and the BL model at the bubble volume concentration within 10%. By introducing a concept of mixing ratio, the MCM is then extended to a three-phase system, namely an aqueous suspension containing both bubbles and solid particles, numerically evaluating the significant influences of the mixing of bubbles on the ultrasonic attenuation. This study provides a concise numerical model to characterize the bubbles and particles simultaneously in multiphase systems.

This study introduces an innovative hybrid framework called diffusion-enhanced meta-deep-reinforcement-learning [diff+meta-deep reinforcement learning (DRL)] aimed at achieving ultra-reliable, low-latency, and energy-efficient resource allocation in 6G heterogeneous networks. The framework is structured in two stages: it first trains a denoising-diffusion encoder to understand complex channel dynamics and user behavior and then employs meta-reinforcement learning for a swift task-specific optimization. Experiments using the BUPTCMCC-6G-DataAI + channel dataset and multimodal DeepSense-6G trace collection revealed that diff+meta-DRL attained an average user throughput of 10.1 ± 0.11 Gbps, spectral efficiency of 7.00 ± 0.04 bit/s/Hz, latency of 5.6 ± 0.11 ms, and energy efficiency of 0.50 ± 0.03 Gbit/J, surpassing the state-of-the-art benchmarks by 6%–14% across all major metrics (p < 0.001). The proposed framework adapts to changes in topology within 100 episodes, which is three times faster than the traditional deep reinforcement learning, and maintains robustness with a 20% channel outflow rate. The combination of generative diffusion models with meta-learning for wireless resource management marks a significant leap in 6G network optimization, meeting the essential requirements for high data transmission, ultra-low latency, adaptability, and sustainability. The framework’s potential to enable time-sensitive applications and manage diverse traffic scenarios in 6G networks is considerable, setting the stage for intelligent, efficient, and reliable next-generation wireless communication systems.

Based on a full-particle PIC-MCC algorithm, we independently developed the functionally modular HD-HER platform for numerical simulation and visualization. Using this platform, we simulated the discharge process of the SPT-100 Hall thruster and analyzed wall erosion phenomena. Under rated operating conditions (anode flow rate 3 mg/s; anode voltage 300 V), the simulation yielded a discharge current of 3.05 A and a thrust of 73 mN. These results demonstrate good agreement with experimental data. The HD-HER platform’s visualization capabilities for Hall thruster discharge processes provide critical insights for experimental design, performance optimization, and thruster improvement. This approach also offers significant experimental cost reduction potential, highlighting its economic and application value.

Composite materials are widely utilized across various technological fields, including, but not limited to, the automotive and aerospace industries. Their performance is largely dictated by the interfacial mechanics of adhesion and friction between the contacting solid surfaces of their constituents. In this study, we investigated the interfacial characteristics of an aluminum/nickel (Al/Ni) interface, commonly used in nickel-coated carbon fiber-reinforced aluminum matrix composites. We employed a molecular dynamics simulation approach at both room and elevated temperatures to study the adhesion and friction forces at the Al/Ni interface. Additionally, we modeled the non-contact interactions using van der Waals forces. Furthermore, we analyzed the stress and deformation resulting from interfacial interactions and transverse loading. The results indicated that both adhesion and friction significantly influence interfacial behavior, as fracture was observed solely in the Al region near the interface. The observed failure mechanism ultimately influences the load transfer capability and the overall performance of composites incorporating Al/Ni interfaces. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of complex, temperature-induced atomistic failure phenomena at the interface.

Addressing the challenge of sharply increasing heat flux density due to spatial constraints in missile launch platforms and high-power integrated packaging modules, this paper proposes a novel split-type cold-plate (ST-CP) to achieve efficient thermal management via liquid cooling technology. Utilizing the mathematical expression defining the diverter hole size, diverter hole structure parameters are optimized using COMSOL Multiphysics 3.5a software. Compared to a traditional rectangular channel cold-plate, the ST-CP demonstrates significant advantages in temperature uniformity and heat dissipation efficiency, achieving a maximum temperature reduction of 15% and a 30% improvement in temperature uniformity. Furthermore, a mathematical model correlating the volume flow rate and flow resistance of the ST-CP is fitted, providing a design basis for engineering applications. The results solve the thermal dissipation problem for high-power density equipment and offer a new solution for enhancing heat dissipation uniformity.