Molecular doping is essential for enhancing the electrical performance of organic semiconductors in transistors and integrated circuits. However, in high-crystalline, ultrathin molecular semiconductors, conventional heteromolecular doping frequently induces disorder and disrupts molecular packing, leading to phase segregation, dopant diffusion, and impaired charge transport. Here, we report an isostructural doping strategy based on the monofluorinated derivative dopant 2-decyl-7-(4-fluorophenyl)[1]benzothieno[3,2-b][1]benzothiophene (F-Ph-BTBT-C10) of the high-mobility asymmetric semiconductor 2-decyl-7-phenyl[1]benzothieno[3,2-b][1]benzothiophene (Ph-BTBT-C10). This approach is designed to enhance charge transfer and boost the intrinsic hole density, especially in ultrathin films, while providing a means for promoting miscibility and preserving the crystalline order. We realize organic field-effect transistors with high electrical conductivities, low off-state current, bidirectional threshold voltage modulation, and an optimized contact. Furthermore, we demonstrate wide-temperature-range temperature-immune transistors with prolonged stability, and inverters exhibiting high gain (55 V V-1) and ultralow static power consumption (900 pW). This isostructural doping strategy provides a generalizable pathway toward stable ultralow-power, high-performance organic electronic devices.

Metal nanoparticles and their environment can be locally heated on an ultrafast time scale using femtosecond pulsed illumination of their plasmon resonance, making them of interest for spatiotemporal temperature control. Here, we propose experimental approaches to obtain time-resolved particle and medium temperatures using gold nanoparticles. 23.5 and 39 nm nanoparticles dispersed in water and DMF:water mixture were heated and probed using transient absorption spectroscopy. Simulations indicate that the change in absorbance >10 ps after excitation arises from temperature-induced alterations in the dielectric functions of the particle and the medium. Thus, we measured the temperature-dependent absorbance spectra of nanoparticles, where the signal reflects the combined response of the particle and the medium to heating for a known temperature. We then disentangled the spectra obtaining the particle (Method 1) and the medium contributions (Method 2) to heating independently, followed by a consistency check between the two approaches (Method 3). Accordingly, the transient absorbance spectrum was resolved to extract particle and medium temperatures at each time delay. The resulting profiles are in line with each other, revealing temperature increases of ∼80 K for the particle and 5-15 K for the medium when excited at 400 nm with ∼4 J/m2 fluence. A faster particle temperature decay was observed with decreasing particle size and a faster medium temperature decay with increasing medium thermal diffusivity, in agreement with expectations. Overall, we demonstrate an experimental methodology for simultaneous determination of particle and medium temperatures under a spatiotemporal gradient which is relevant for studies with transient heating and nanoparticles as sensors.

Nonwoven polymer fibrous materials have been widely adopted in passive radiative cooling due to their controllable subwavelength dimensions that relate to the visible to mid-infrared light regulation. However, existing radiative cooling fabrics, whether electrospun 2D nonwovens made of straight nanofibers or multilayer fabrics with functional coatings, sacrifice the crucial textile function of air-moisture permeability. Here, we explore the manufacturing and optical property engineering of 3D helical nanofibers for efficient radiative cooling alongside highly permeable air purification. Inspired by biological tendrils, cellulose acetate (CA) and polyvinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene (PVDF-HFP) are cospun via air-blown electrospinning, where their mechanical properties mismatch combined with electrostatic airflow perturbation drive the formation of helical fibers. The resulting helical nanofiber metafabric (HNMF) with its hierarchically porous nanohelix architecture and CA/PVDF-HFP molecular backbones, achieves ∼96% solar reflectance and ∼91% emission within the atmospheric transmission window. This enables effective radiative cooling while simultaneously removing >99.9% of PM0.3 particles at a low-pressure drop (52.8 Pa). Outdoor evaluations and building energy simulation confirm the practical applicability of HNMF for use as protective curtain and masks in addressing environmental thermal stress and particulate matter exposure, highlighting its potential as a multifunctional and scalable material platform for wearable personal protection and energy-efficient building solutions.

Conventional nanofluidic platforms rarely achieve the simultaneous combination of ion regulation, structural tunability, and scalable fabrication. Here, we demonstrate using fungal mycelium as a self-grown morphology-adaptable nanofluidic medium. Leveraging the natural growth of blue oyster mycelium, we directly fabricate 1D twisted fibers, 2D membranes, and 3D foams─without chemical modification─through simple lyophilization and mechanical shaping. These architectures preserve interconnected hyphal nanochannels with a naturally negative surface charge (-1.85 to -2.77 mC m-2, tunable via growth time), enabling stable ionic conductivities of 0.2-0.5 mS cm-1 in dilute potassium chloride (KCl) electrolyte (<1 × 10-3 mol L-1), several orders of magnitude above bulk values. Distinct from inorganic and polymeric analogues, the mycelium-based nanofluidic material system is shape-adaptable, flexible, biocompatible, and environmentally benign, offering a scalable pathway to green shape-adaptable ionic devices. By uniting intrinsic biological architectures with engineering control, this work establishes fungal mycelium as an emerging platform for next-generation nanofluidics.

Al2O3-coated separators (e.g., Al2O3/PE) are widely utilized in lithium batteries to enhance battery performance, however, the electrochemical role of the Al2O3 coating remains unclear. Here, we reveal that the generally conceived "inert" Al2O3 coating layer is electrochemically active, and it is lithiated to form a LiAlO2 thin layer of 20 nm on the surface of Al2O3 particles. The Al2O3 coating and in situ generated LiAlO2 spatially homogenize Li+ transport and regulate Li+ flux to enable uniform Li deposition. Moreover, the Al2O3 layer helps to anchor solvent molecules via Lewis acid-base interaction, thereby facilitating the formation of a solid electrolyte interphase enriched with inorganic components derived from anions, particularly lithium fluoride (LiF). The regulation of Li+ flux only acts in the battery with the Al2O3 layer facing the anode, while it is absent when the Al2O3 layer faces the cathode. The effect of anchoring solvent also becomes weaker for the Al2O3 layer facing the cathode than facing the anode. Consequently, a 4.48 Ah LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2||Li pouch cell with Al2O3/PE separator and porous polymer electrolyte demonstrates stable cycling over 250 cycles at a high energy density of 452 Wh kg-1. A 29 Ah LiNi0.9Co0.05Mn0.05O2||Li pouch cell with an energy density of 528.9 Wh kg-1 is also demonstrated. These findings uncover the critical electro-chemo-mechanical roles of the generally thought "inert" Al2O3 coating in enhancing the electrochemical performance of lithium metal batteries (LMBs), which provide scientific bases for utilizing ceramic coatings on conventional separators to boost the energy density of LMBs.

Partial nephrectomy (PN) is the standard treatment for renal tumors but is frequently complicated by acute kidney injury arising from two distinct pathological insults: the ischemia-reperfusion injury induced by vascular clamping and the mechanical trauma caused by parenchymal suturing. Conventional hemostatic suturing often exacerbates tissue necrosis via high tension, while IRI triggers oxidative bursts and ferroptosis. To overcome these synergistic challenges, a blood-triggered, dual-cross-linked adhesive hydrogel loaded with reactive oxygen species-responsive (ROS-responsive) GW7647 liposomes was engineered. Upon contact with the bleeding surface, the hydrogel rapidly solidified to achieve effective hemostasis, acting as a tension-free sealant to replace or reduce suturing. Concurrently, the elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in the ischemic microenvironment triggered the phase transition of the embedded liposomes, enabling the on-demand release of GW7647. Mechanistically, GW7647 activated the PPARα/Nrf2/GPX4-SLC7A11 signaling axis, effectively suppressing lipid peroxidation and blocking ferroptosis. By integrating rapid, noncompressive hemostasis with stress-adaptive metabolic regulation, this multifunctional platform promoted tissue regeneration and functional recovery, offering a promising therapeutic strategy for post-PN management.

Fenton reaction-based chemodynamic therapy (CDT) has emerged as a promising strategy for cancer treatment. However, its efficacy is fundamentally constrained by the limited efficiency of the Fenton reaction and a lack of tumor-selective control. To address these challenges, we develop an intelligent DNAzyme-metal-tannic acid (DzMT) nanoplatform that enables miRNA-regulated intratumoral Fenton reactions for cell-selective imaging-guided CDT. The DzMT system is constructed via coordinated self-assembly of a miRNA-activatable self-blocked DNAzyme, metal ions (Fe3+, Fe2+, and Mn2+), and tannic acid. Upon cellular uptake, the DzMT nanoplatform disassembles under acidic conditions, inducing the efficient release of therapeutic payloads. The liberated DNAzyme is activated by tumor-overexpressed oncogenic miRNAs to produce a strong fluorescence signal for selective cancer imaging. Concurrently, Mn2+ serves as a cofactor to activate the unblocked DNAzyme, leading to the cleavage of catalase mRNA. This miRNA-directed gene silencing inhibits H2O2 consumption and consequently induces substantial intracellular H2O2 accumulation. Fe2+ then catalyzes the accumulated H2O2 into highly toxic •OH and Fe3+ via the Fenton reaction. Meanwhile, the coreleased tannic acid reduces Fe3+ back to Fe2+, establishing a self-sustaining autocatalytic Fenton cycle that drives continuous •OH generation to eradicate cancer cells. This autocatalytic circuit is autonomously governed by tumor-specific miRNAs, making potent cytotoxicity being restricted to malignant cells while sparing normal tissues. Both in vitro and in vivo evaluations demonstrate high-contrast tumor imaging and effective suppression of tumor growth. This research introduces a class of tumor-specific CDT that transcends conventional material design by leveraging intrinsic biological intelligence for precise and personalized anticancer therapy.

The transport of Li+ within thick graphite electrodes has been deemed to be a key factor affecting the fast-charging performance of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). However, how to effectively enhance the kinetics of this process while regulating the Li plating behavior remains a challenge in the current research on graphite anodes. Herein, we propose a mediated ion redistribution strategy based on in situ lithiated antiperovskite nitride (LiCo3ZnN), tailored to suppress Li dendrite growth and enhance fast-charging performance of LIBs. By integrating density functional theory (DFT) calculations, finite element analysis (FEA) simulations, and in situ spectroscopic techniques, we demonstrate that LiCo3ZnN not only facilitates rapid Li+ transport within the electrode through its adsorption effect but also acts as a lithiophilic mediator to convert irreversible "dead Li" into reversible "active Li". Consequently, the modified anode (Co3ZnN@Gr) exhibits an outstanding comprehensive performance. Specifically, it achieves a capacity retention of 88.64% after 400 cycles at 4C in Co3ZnN@Gr||NCM622 cells with a high cathode loading of 20 mg cm-2. Notably, in pouch cells, it maintains 85.82% capacity retention after 1000 cycles at 4C. This work holds significant promise for advancing fast-charging LIBs, thereby paving the way for the widespread adoption of electric vehicles (EVs).

Layered transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are widely regarded as chemically inert nanofillers in polymer composites. Here, we demonstrate that this assumption fails under melt-processing conditions. We show that pristine WS2 nanopowders act as heterogeneous catalysts for polyester chain scission during melt extrusion, inducing a catastrophic, 10-fold reduction in molecular weight, severe loss of melt viscosity, printing failure, and brittle mechanical behavior at filler loadings as low as 0.2 wt %. To suppress this unexpected catalytic activity, we develop an edge- and defect-selective functionalization strategy for WS2 based on covalent carboxylation and hydroxylation, followed by surface-initiated ring-opening polymerization of ε-caprolactone. Spectroscopic and microscopic analyses (XPS, XRD, HAADF-STEM, and EELS) demonstrate that polymer grafting is confined to edge and defect sites, while preserving the multilayer 2H-WS2 lattice. When incorporated into a polycaprolactone (PCL) matrix and processed by large-format fused granular fabrication, polymer-grafted WS2 nanostructures exhibit stable melt rheology, excellent printability, and substantial mechanical reinforcement, with Young's modulus and tensile strength increases up to 45% and 65%, respectively, without loss of ductility. Crucially, polymer grafting effectively passivates catalytically active WS2 edge and defect sites, preventing melt-induced polymer degradation. These findings provide direct experimental evidence that exposed edge sites in layered nanomaterials can actively catalyze polymer degradation under melt-processing conditions and establish edge-site passivation as a general design principle to mitigate chemically driven polymer degradation in polyester-based systems during melt processing, with the magnitude of the effect depending on the chemical susceptibility of the host polymer.

The separator plays an essential role in the electrochemical and safety performance of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). However, commercial polyolefin separators face challenges such as poor thermal resistance, unsatisfactory electrolyte wettability, and interfacial instability. Herein, we propose a scalable method to fabricate a nanoporous poly(m-phenylene isophthalamide) (PMIA)-modified polyethylene (PE) separator (PMIA@PE) using a nonsolvent and evaporation-induced phase separation technique. Life cycle assessment indicates that this method significantly reduces water consumption during production and has a lower environmental impact compared with the conventional wet method. The separator exhibits superior thermal stability, with shrinkage <6% after treatment at 210 °C for 1 h. Accelerating rate calorimetry tests show that 60 Ah LiNi0.6Mn0.2Co0.2O2/graphite pouch batteries with PMIA@PE have the highest thermal runaway (TR) trigger temperature, lowest TR peak temperature, and slowest temperature rise rate compared to commercial PE and Al2O3@PE separators. Moreover, PMIA@PE offers better electrolyte affinity and cycling stability without sacrificing specific capacity or rate capability. These high-performance separators and the resulting safe batteries show great promise for addressing TR risks in large-format LIBs for electric vehicles.