Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is characterized by its unfavorable prognosis and heightened propensity for metastasis. Despite paclitaxel (PTX) chemotherapy being a cornerstone of treatment, it can paradoxically promote metastasis by facilitating Padi4-mediated nuclear expulsion and triggering the RAGE/ERK pathway. In this investigation, we engineered a tumor-responsive nanoparticle platform (RAPG) capable of codelivering PTX, the Padi4 inhibitor GSK484, and a RAGE antagonist peptide (RAP). The RAPG nanoparticles exhibited redox-sensitive drug release, precise tumor localization, and deep tissue permeation. Mechanistically, RAPG suppressed histone citrullination, impeded RAGE/ERK signaling, and reinforced conventional apoptotic pathways. In both in vitro and in vivo assessments, RAPG attenuated epithelial-mesenchymal transition markers and reduced tumor invasiveness, circulating tumor cells, and lung metastasis, while enhancing treatment efficacy and prolonging survival. This study presents a promising strategy to counteract chemotherapy-induced metastasis in TNBC through concurrent inhibition of Padi4-mediated histone citrullination and RAGE/ERK signaling.

Achieving ultrabroadband photodetection with a single two-dimensional semiconductor remains challenging, as most transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) devices operate only in the visible-NIR range and require complex heterostructures or chemical treatments. Here, we present a scalable MoS2 homostructure composed of monolayer 1H, bilayer 2H, and metallic 1T' domains integrated within a continuous film. The 1T' phase is selectively induced through a plasma-driven diffusion reaction, forming in-plane phase junctions that create built-in fields and promote efficient broadband charge transport. This mixed-phase architecture enables detection across an exceptionally wide spectral range, from UV to THz (360 nm to 1 mm). The device operates self-powered in the UV-NIR region, exhibiting high voltage responsivities─∼2680 V/W at 532 nm and ∼1713 V/W at 633 nm─and rapid response times of ∼19-32 μs, all without external bias. A small applied voltage further extends the photoresponse into the THz regime. The large voltage output supports direct signal readout, reducing system complexity and power consumption. These results demonstrate that in-plane phase coupling in MoS2 provides a simple and scalable route to single-material ultrabroadband photodetectors, enabling versatile operation across continuous-wave and pulsed illumination conditions.

In the rapidly evolving field of single-molecule sensing, solid-state nanopores have emerged as transformative tools for the label-free detection of biomolecules, ranging from DNA polymers to proteins. Yet, with two dominant platforms─glass nanopores and silicon nitride (SiNx) nanopores─researchers face a pivotal choice: which architecture best unlocks superior performance? Here, we deliver a head-to-head experimental comparison under comparable experimental conditions, benchmarking noise characteristics, signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs), and translocation dynamics for DNA and protein analytes across matched nanopore sizes. Our findings reveal compelling trade-offs: glass nanopores excel in DNA sensing, achieving record SNR values of >80 in 5 nm nanopores (4 M LiCl, 50 kHz filter cutoff) due to their conical geometry that focuses electric fields. In contrast, SiNx nanopores dominate protein detection with SNR values of >120, leveraging thin membranes for enhanced current blockade from volume exclusion. Comprehensive performance metrics─including unfolded DNA fraction, backward-to-forward translocation time ratio, translocation frequency, and perturbed events─also show distinct translocation behaviors of biomolecules in the two nanopore platforms. These insights, supported by finite-element simulations, establish a mechanistic framework for nanopore selection, favoring conical glass nanopores for polymeric analytes and SiNx membrane nanopores for compact biomolecules. This work not only sets benchmarks for nanopore sensitivity but also enables the development of tailored sensors in diagnostics, sequencing, and beyond, advancing nanotechnology for high-resolution biomolecular analyses.

The exploitation of high-capacity, long-cycle cathode materials with reversible anionic redox activity and robust structural stability remains an essential challenge for sodium-ion batteries. Herein, we address these limitations through Na-O-A configuration modulation in P2-Na0.67[NixLiyMn1-x-y]O2, which fundamentally enables reversible anionic redox reactions and ensures structural stability. The obtained P2-Na0.67Ni0.23Mn0.67Li0.08Nb0.02O2 cathodes deliver a remarkable reversible capacity of 158.4 mAh g-1 at 0.1C while maintaining extraordinary cycling stability with 98.2% capacity retention after 500 cycles at 5C (a minimal capacity fade of only 0.0036% per cycle). The introduction of the Na-O-Li/Nb configuration enables dual cationic and anionic redox reactions (ARR) to enhance capacity. Meanwhile, the high-valence Nb5+ species not only suppresses oxygen release through robust Nb-O bonds, thereby improving the reversibility of ARR, but also reinforces the structural rigidity of the transition metal-layer framework. Ultimately, this modulation strategy provides a universal pathway for designing highly stable, high-energy cathodes for next-generation sodium-ion batteries.

The performance of solar-powered evaporating materials is significantly influenced by their multiscale structures, which exhibit both synergistic and antagonistic effects that are complex and challenging to be harnessed. Here in this study, using a carbon nanotube sponge of optimized thickness, pore sizes, and oxidized silicon coating layers, we proposed a facile and robust design of a water-electricity cogenerator, indicating that orchestrated multiscale effects (macro, meso, micro) can synergistically boost the performances of evaporation. Specifically, we highlighted the importance of mesoscale capillary water, which is often neglected, indicating not only the promotion of water transportation but also the expansion of sufficient evaporative surface area. The cogenerator, named as SiOx@CNTS, exhibited light absorption of up to 96%, a water evaporation rate of 7.01 kg m-2 h-1 under 1 sun, 21.75 kg m-2 h-1 under 10 suns, 16.62 kg m-2 h-1 in dark conditions with a wind speed of 3 m s-1, a continuous output voltage of up to 1.02 V under 1 sun during water desalination, excellent salt resistance, and cycling stability with no salt aggregation on the upper surface. Our study offers insights into the design of next-generation evaporators that utilize solar energy for sustainable and high-efficiency water-electricity cogeneration.

Constructing a water-in-oil (W/O) emulsion adhesive offers a promising strategy to mitigate bondline starvation and interfacial discontinuity resulting from excessive isocyanate penetration into wood in laminated systems. However, the reactive isocyanate-water heterogeneous interface leads to premature NCO consumption, uneven network formation, and interfacial defects. Therefore, reconciling adhesive retention with controlled interfacial reactivity remains a key challenge. Here, inspired by the structural logic of cell membranes in compartmentalizing phases and organizing interfaces, we design lignin colloids as multifunctional regulators in emulsions and establish a cooperative strategy that couples bulk rheological regulation with interfacial film engineering. Owing to their amphiphilic surface chemistry and steric effects, lignin colloids increase the apparent viscosity of the continuous isocyanate phase to suppress overpenetration while enriching at the isocyanate-water interface to assemble into an interfacial film. This film spatially limits direct phase contact and temporally buffers interfacial reactions. Consequently, the penetration depth in wood decreased from around 200 to 25 μm, the pot life of the emulsion was extended by 1.5-2-fold compared with the additive-free system, and about 80% of NCO was retained. A clear and continuous bondline structure was formed after curing, with dry shear strength increasing from 1.02 to 1.74 MPa. The strength retention rate after boiling water treatment reached 93%, and the system demonstrated greater environmental durability. Notably, the isocyanate usage can still be reduced by 30% while delivering enhanced bonding performance, highlighting the potential of this strategy for efficient wood adhesive systems with reduced isocyanate input.

It remains a grand challenge to rationally design and synthesize nanocarriers with well-controlled surface properties to manipulate their interactions with cells and intracellular trafficking. Here, we report a rational synthesis of virus-mimicking nanocarriers characterized by a controlled number of hydrophobic protrusions on the hydrophilic surface. When a polystyrene bead is coated with a porogen-loaded SiO2 shell and then exposed to a good solvent, the polymer is swollen to generate an internal pressure against the shell. By adjusting the extent of porogen removal, the swollen polymer can push through the shell from one, two, or multiple sites to create up to 175 hydrophobic protrusions while leaving behind a cavity inside the shell. As the number of protrusions increases, polyvalent interactions with lipid bilayer are enabled and enhanced to promote both cellular uptake and endo/lysosomal escape. By leveraging the mesopores in the wall, the cavity can be readily loaded with various types of drugs for cytoplasmic delivery at maximal therapeutic efficacy. This work offers a rational approach to the development of advanced nanocarriers for biomedicine.

As the demand for portable, efficient, and precise diagnostic technologies continues to grow in modern healthcare, traditional ELISA systems are increasingly limited by expensive and proprietary equipment. Here, we developed CRiBDL-ELISA (Classification-Regression Integrated Deep Learning Microbubble-Based Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay), a smartphone-based platform for precise biomarker detection across 5 orders of magnitude. The biomarkers captured on the well plates are labeled with platinum nanoprobes, which generate distinctive bubble patterns in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. A user-friendly smartphone application integrates imaging, YOLO-based object detection, image preprocessing, deep learning inference, and result visualization to enable one-click analysis with real-time feedback. Concentration-dependent bubble patterns captured by the smartphone camera allow precise biomarker quantification without the need for additional optical hardware. The platform achieved a detection limit of 0.001 ng/mL for CRP and PCT, which was enhanced to ∼0.0001 ng/mL for NT-proBNP and cTnI via postprocessing. Quantification demonstrated high accuracy with R2 = 0.9983 and 0.9979 for CRP and PCT, and R2 = 0.9948 and 0.9942 for NT-proBNP and cTnI. Clinical validation showed 100.00% and 97.22% accuracy for CRP and NT-proBNP samples, respectively. Notably, NT-proBNP measurements showed strong concordance with commercial electrochemiluminescence platforms (R2 = 0.97), validating the clinical reliability. This CRiBDL-ELISA platform enables high-throughput biomarker quantification directly from microplates without specialized instrumentation, providing a cost-effective, robust, and portable solution for clinical diagnostics.

Understanding the behavior of electrocatalysts under operating conditions is essential to improving their performance. Electrochemical (scanning) transmission electron microscopy [EC-(S)TEM] enables real-time, high-resolution imaging of materials undergoing electrochemical processes; however, it provides limited information about the products of these processes in the solution phase, and the high-energy electron beam can perturb their distribution and reactivity through radiolysis. Previously, we demonstrated that Ni2+ not only enhances the electrocatalytic performance of Pt for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) but also, through Ni(OH)2 precipitation, that it serves as a quantitative in situ marker of HER activity at the single-nanoparticle level. Extending this quantitative footprinting methodology to EC-(S)TEM to report catalytic yield, we observe a different mechanism: while optical measurements indicate the expected Ni(OH)2 precipitation on the EC-(S)TEM chip, in situ EC-(S)TEM experiments reveal beam-induced reduction of Ni2+ to metallic Ni via radiolysis. Finite element modeling supports a mechanism involving H• intermediates and allows discrimination of the respective contributions of the HER and the electron beam. These results highlight the critical role of the beam in apparent electrocatalytic reactivity and provide a framework to quantify catalytic yields in EC-(S)TEM and to interpret operando data more cautiously.

Scaling wide-band-gap semiconductors to the ultrathin limit offers a transformative pathway for power electronics, with gallium nitride (GaN) representing a cornerstone material in this class. However, the operational resilience and functional tunability of its two-dimensional form (g-GaN) remain underexplored. This work shifts the focus from idealized systems to the complex materials behavior under realistic conditions, investigating how the synergistic effects of point vacancy defects, strain, and external electric fields govern its electronic, magnetic, and sensing landscapes. We demonstrate that these factors are not merely perturbations but are fundamental to modulating the material response. Our first-principles calculations suggest that g-GaN maintains electronic stability under intense electric fields; notably, gallium vacancies are predicted to further extend the theoretical stability limit. While in-plane tension preserves the band gap evolution under an electric field, in-plane compression facilitates low-field metallization. Using nitrogen monoxide (NO) adsorption as a prototype, we find that the interaction is defect-modulated and potentially tunable by electric fields. Analysis of adsorption energetics and diffusion barriers suggests that the gallium vacancy may act as a thermodynamic trap for NO. Targeted hybrid-functional (HSE06) validation confirms the reliability of observed adsorption trends and theoretical metallization thresholds while revealing that precise electronic-exchange treatment is critical for capturing the magnetic ground state of nitrogen vacancies. By systematically examining the geometry, energetics, band structure, density of states, magnetic response, and charge transfer, this study clarifies the interplay between defects and external electric fields, providing insights into theoretical upper bounds for property tuning and semiconductor device engineering.