Today, social capital has attracted the attention of many political, cultural, social, and economic intellectuals since its promotion leads to the elevation of various developmental indicators in societies. Like other social doctrines, as should be pointed, the promotion of social capital, too, requires proper infrastructure and conditions where interactions and communications are made among individuals. In other words, since social capital is mainly based on communications, it will become meaningless once communications are lacking among people. That’s the reason, social networks, these days, as an all-encompassing medium, play a key role in providing an appropriate condition for developing effective interpersonal communications. The current study, as such, intends to address the main question: How can social networks promote social capital? To respond to this, first, different aspects of social capital and social networks are examined in order to provide a model. The study employs an integrated method and using a theme analysis of data obtained from various interviews with experts, the most important aspects of social capital and social networks are identified, and finally, using structural modeling and the MICMAC analysis, a model is presented. Based on the results, it is concluded that through conversations as well as news and information obtained on social networks, the greatest impact can be made on social trust and social norms to promote social capital.

Like any other community, the university has its own cultural set up. But unfortunately, the culture, which is currently dominating the Iranian higher education institutions, does not meet the expectations of a scientific community. The present study, based on views and experiences of academics as well as using an interpretive approach, tries to answer the main research question as why and how such a disorder prevails in academic culture. In this qualitative study, the Grounded Theory has been applied as research methods. The selection of participants, including faculty members from higher education institutions, was based on theoretical sampling. It continued until achieving a saturation point. Data collection was done through semi-structured interviews, including 17 individual and 4 group interviews. Data were categorized via three-stage coding (open, axial and selective) and classified into 1900 codes, 458 concepts, 101 subcategories and 32 main categories. Further, the data analysis was carried out based on the concept of context, analytical tool paradigm (conditions, action-interaction and consequences) and conditional-consequential analytical strategy matrix. Based on the acquired results "non-adherence to academic norms" was selected as a central phenomenon, and the final model was based on causal conditions and contextual factors at micro and macro levels, academic interaction including resistance, silence and abuse as well as the consequences including individual, organizational and national ones. The final outcome indicates the strengthening and reproduction of the central phenomenon in case of lack of university actions to help improve the situation.

Due to the sensitive conditions of childhood and the fact that one of the most popular and influential types of media for children is animation, it is inevitable to study the effects of observing animations in the education of this period. The present study was conducted to investigate the negation and necessity of educational implications of Sponge Bob animation based on six areas of education. The formal validity of the categories related to the six domains was confirmed by experts. 772 using the Scott coefficient and the opinions of 4 experts in this field; Finally, Shannon entropy method was used to analyze the data obtained from the study. Based on the findings of this study, 242 topics related to the existence of six fields of education in this animation were observed that the field of biological and physical education has the highest level of attention and importance and the field of moral education has the lowest level of attention and importance. Also, 314 themes were observed in the negation of the six domains; the negation of the field of moral education has the most attention and importance and the negation of the field of aesthetic and artistic education has the least attention and importance. Findings indicate that the growth of human existence has not been considered in a balanced way in SpongeBob animation, so it is recommended to avoid the formation of caricature characters and pay attention to all areas of human existence.

In the Iranian family sociology, the dominant approach is based on this general idea that the family is the center of patriarchy. Based on this view, women at home are in subjugation and under male dominance. To support this idea, a lot of researches have been conducted in recent years. However, the present study does not seek to identify the patterns of female subjugation; rather it is in the process to identify the patterns of their resistance to male dominance within the home. As such, the study seeks to answer the question as how women use "culture" as a tool of resistance as well as to change the balance of power in the family. In this regard, 36 married women were interviewed. Findings showed that women use the strategies such as "struggle for meaning", "reverse decoding", "resistance to gender stereotypes", "resistance through tradition" and "appearance of obedience but hidden resistance within family" to resist the male dominance. Through these, they try to control male power in the home and balance it accordingly. Various resistance strategies indicate that women’s “resistance sources" in the family are numerous, which take place in different domains and in different ways.

An ever-increasing digital divide around the globe has turned into one of the greatest challenges to several areas of the information society with direct and indirect consequences. This has also increased the demand for more research in this field. This study, which is based on Bourdieu's cultural capital reproduction theory, is an attempt to answer the question as: To what extent individuals' cultural capital affects the digital gap among them? The survey method was applied in this research where a questionnaire was used to collect the data. The population of the study consisted of 183,198 youths from the city of Bābol (Mazandaran, Iran) aged 18-29 years. The sample size was estimated to be 385 by Cochran formula. The data were then collected randomly in a multistage cluster sampling from 8 areas in the above city. The results showed that there is a digital divide among people with different cultural capitals. The results of multiple regression analysis showed that the objectified dimension of the cultural capital (β = 0.472), the embodied dimension (β = 0.41) and the institutionalized dimension (β = 0.20) had the greatest effect on the people's digital divide. The results also showed that the independent variable of the research, i.e. cultural capital, explained about 0.26 percent of the variance of the dependent variable, i.e. the digital divide.

This paper discusses the government's view on contemporary Iranian music as well as the relationship between religion and art during the years 1971 to 2018. Thus, the relationship between the two institutions of religion and art was examined through sociological perspectives. For that matter, qualitative and analytical approaches were applied, with the first relying on historical method where the tool was historical documents (newspapers) and oral history (interviews with elites) and the second analyzing the statistics published by the Music Division of the Ministry of Culture and Islamic Guidance. In terms of data type, this is a historical research. The required data include three categories published by national press between 1971 and 2018, data related to interviewees and those published by the Music Division of the Ministry of Culture and Islamic Guidance from 1982 to 2018. The results showed that the media information, interviews and the Music Bureau data are in one direction with regard to the state of music between 1971 and 2018 in a way that music was completely weakened in the 1980s due to the dominance of religious view on the country. The present study, by examining three data groups, showed the stage of challenges the two institutions of religion and art have faced in contemporary Iran. These challenges have, sometimes, led to severe stances of active and effective forces in these two social institutions against each other. However, artistic forces are gradually in the process to free themselves from the domination of religious institutions and gain independence.

This paper aims to investigate the most significant factors affecting the socio-cultural adaptation of international students in Iran. A survey was conducted on international students studying at University of Tehran. Data was collected both online and on paper among the students. 284 valid responses were collected. The results indicate that there is a positive relationship between the level of socio-cultural adaptation of international students and factors such as having companion during the study period in Iran, the length of stay, being accepted by people in society, being accepted by university staff and students and an overall satisfaction of living in Iran. The results also suggest that there is no significant relationship between acquiring prior knowledge regarding Iran and the level of socio-cultural adaptation of students. The results also indicate that there is no significant relationship between the demographic factors such as age and gender and socio-cultural adaption of international students at the University of Tehran.

خودکشی یکی از مسائل اجتماعی مهمی است که شیوع روزافزون آن در استان ایلام، بحرانی را پدید آورده است. پژوهش حاضر، تنها با هدف مطالعه زمینۀ فرهنگی خودکشی در جامعه ایلام انجام شده است. برای رسیدن به این هدف از رهیافت جامعه‌شناسی فرهنگی الگزندر بهره گرفته‌ایم. نتایج به‌دست‌آمده نشان می‌دهد که در جامعۀ ایلام، خودکشی، نمادی برای اعتراض به وضع موجود است و به‌عنوان شر و امری شوم، رمزدهی شده است. درباره خودکشی نیز دو روایت اصلی وجود دارد: تقدیرگرایانه و رهایی‌بخش. با تحلیل بازنمایی، رمزدهی و روایت‌های خودکشی درمی‌یابیم که این کنش به‌منظور به‌رسمیت شناخته شدن انجام می‌شود. برای کاهش خودکشی، ایجاد تغییرات هوشمندانه در نظام ارزشی، هنجاری، و تفسیری موجود، ضروری است و انجام این کار مستلزم سیاست‌گذاری فرهنگی است تا در معنایی که خودکشی برای کنشگران دارد، تغییری اساسی ایجاد کند؛ نخست اینکه لازم است که پیوند فرهنگی میان نیاز‌ـ‌سائق به‌رسمیت شناخته شدن، با استفاده ابزاری از کنش خودکشی، گسیخته شود. دوم اینکه هر دو نسل را برای به‌رسمیت شناختن یکدیگر آماده کند. نسل والدین برای پذیرش نسل جوان آمادگی ندارد. نسل جدید نیز برای نسل گذشته، مشروعیتی قائل نیست؛ بنابراین، روابط بین دو نسل، به روابط قدرت و مقاومت تبدیل شده است. نسل جدید مقاومت می‌کند و نسل گذشته جز اعمال مقتدرانۀ ارزش‌ها، هنجارها، و تفسیرهای خود، چاره دیگری ندارد؛ بنابراین، سیاست‌گذاری باید در ارزش‌ها، هنجارها، و تفسیرهای هردو نسل، جرح و تعدیل ایجاد کند.

دانشجویان، تعاملات و ارتباطاتی فراتر از کلاس درس و نظام رسمی دانشگاه دارند که به‌طور غیررسمی وجود دارد و بخش زیادی از وقت دانشجویان را در طول دوران تحصیل به خود اختصاص می‌دهد. آنچه مهم است، درک دانشجو و فهم معانی ذهنی از تعاملات دوران دانشجویی است که کشف آن به کاهش شکاف موجود میان این قشر و مسئولان دانشگاه و آموزش عالی کمک می‌کند و از طریق آن می‌توان لایه‌های پنهان زندگی دانشجویان را شناخت و برمبنای آن سیاست‌گذاری کرد. در این مقاله خلاصۀ زندگی دانشجویی ادراک‌شده، معناشده، و تجربه‌شده را در خلال این تعاملات دنبال خواهیم کرد. در این راستا با ۵۲ دانشجوی دانشگاه تهران از دانشکده‌ها و رشته‌های مختلف مصاحبه عمیق پدیدارشناسی انجام شد. پس از تقلیل، کدگذاری، و تحلیل یافته‌های مصاحبه، به تغییر الگوی زیست دانشجو رسیدیم؛ به این معنا که دانشجو در طول تعاملات غیررسمی و گذراندن اوقات زیادی از دوران دانشجویی خود با دوستان در موارد گوناگون به تغییراتی در زیست دانشجویی خود رسیده است؛ ازجمله تغییر الگوی ارتباطات انسانی، تغییر سبک‌های دین‌داری، تغییر الگوی اوقات فراغت، افزایش توانمندی‌های فردی، نگرش جنسیتی، تغییر الگوهای تحصیلی، تغییر نگرش و جهان‌بینی، حس مثبت فردی، حمایت و تعلق خاطر گروهی، جبران، تغییر در انگیزه مشارکت اجتماعی، تغییر در فرایند اجتماعی‌شدن و نظام هنجاری.

تأمل در آرایش نیروهای اجتماعی و جریان‌های اندیشه‌ای گوناگون که در هر جامعه قومی، چشم‌انداز هویتی ویژه‌ای را توسعه می‌دهند، تأییدگر این نکته است که امر قومی به‌طور عام و مسئله هویت قومی به‌طور خاص، پدیده‌ای اجتماعی است که می‌تواند زمینه‌ساز مناقشه‌های اساسا گفتمانی باشد. پژوهش حاضر برمبنای چنین درکی و با توجه به ضرورت فهم گوناگونی‌ اندیشه‌هایی که در مورد مسئله قومیت و هویت قومی در بلوچستان ایران، به‌ویژه در دوران معاصر، وجود داشته و دارد، سازمان یافته است. این پژوهش کیفی با استفاده از مجموعه‌ای از تکنیک‌ها، به‌ویژه با تأکید بر روش‌شناسی تاریخی، مطالعات کتابخانه‌ای‌ـ‌اسنادی، و نیز تأملات میدانی، پس از طرح بحثی نسبتا مفصل در مورد ساختار و سازمان اجتماعی بلوچ‌های ایران، نخست به ارائه نوعی دسته‌بندی از نیروها و گروه‌های اجتماعی مطرح در جامعۀ موردمطالعه پرداخته و سپس، بر این مبنا، بحثی را دربارۀ گفتمان‌های رقیب در آن ارائه کرده است. یافته‌ها نشان می‌دهد که تأثیرگذارترین گروه‌های اجتماعی مطرح در سپهر سیاسی و اجتماعی بلوچستان ـ‌‌به‌ویژه در یک سده اخیر‌ـ عبارت بوده‌اند از: 1) سردارها، خوانین و اشرافیت سنتی؛ 2) نخبگان قومی ناسیونالیست و ملی‌گرا؛ 3) روحانیون، مولوی‌ها و فعالان مذهبی؛ 4) روشنفکران و فعالان مدنی تجددگرا. به‌نظر می‌رسد که هریک از این گروه‌ها، در چارچوب و فضـای اندیشگانی ویژه‌ای فعالیت مـی‌کند؛ در مقاله حاضـر، این موضوع با ارائه چهار دستۀ گفتمانی، بررسی شده اسـت: 1) گفتمان‌های خودمحور و قوم‌گرایانه؛ 2) گفتمان‌های ناسیونالیستی و ملی‌گرایانه؛ 3) گفتمان‌های سیاسی‌ـ‌اجتماعی مذهب‌محور؛ 4) گفتمان‌های سیاسی‌ـ‌اجتماعی بازاندیشانه.