In the paper, the differences between position components obtained using the precise point positioning (PPP) technique with individual and type mean PCC models were investigated. Daily GNSS observations from ten selected European Permanent Network (EPN) stations were used in the study. Eight different combinations of GPS, Galileo, BeiDou and GLONASS systems observations were proposed for analyses. The observation processing was done using the open-source software package GAMP. The results show that differences in the calibration models propagate to the position domain. Position offsets, resulting from the use of individual calibrations instead of the type mean, reach up to 10 mm in the vertical component while are generally keeping below 2 mm in the horizontal ones. The analysis also shows that adapting GPS PCCs to other GNSS (e.g. Galileo or BeiDou) signals does not significantly increase achieved position component differences.

The study initiated an evaluation of the GNSS continuously operating reference stations (CORS) performance for Network-based Real-Time Kinematic (NRTK) positioning in Thailand, using the deemed rover analysis approach. Fifty CORS were selected as rovers with varying network geometries. Results indicated the highest performance, 79.9% of fixed solutions, for an average triangle side length of 54 km, while the lowest performance, 29.9%, was observed for a 93 km length with accuracies at a decimetre level. These initial explorations suggest that reducing side lengths enhances fixed solution efficiency and positioning accuracy at rovers. Occasional metre-level errors occurred, potentially linked to Internet instability.

Researchers and manufacturers use the Precise Point Positioning (PPP) technique. After the phase biases of the satellites are resolved from GNSS networks, they are broadcast to users as Fractional Cycle Bias (FCB). In this study, FCB products provided by WUHAN, CODE, CNES and JAXA services were downloaded and PPP Ambiguity Resolution solutions were realised by Net_Diff software. For ten days in 2022, 24-hour observations were collected from 40 International GNSS Service stations. As a result, it has been observed that WUHAN and CODE services provided the ±1 cm or ±5 cm accuracy level by converging in short-term observations.

Land price maps help the government and stakeholders to recognize fluctuations in land values in the economy. This paper aims to examine the trends of land lease prices from spatio-temporal perspectives for development. The study employed a mixed research approach. The result indicated that the lease price of residential land has been increasing rapidly in the past decade. Inefficiency in the land administration system, high speculation, and low provision of land for auction are the main drivers for the increment. The researchers thus suggest that the government rethink the tenure system, impose the maximum number and size of land parcels, and introduce the capital gain tax.

In this study, the coastal changes in Hersek Lagoon, have occurred in the 5 years (2015 to 2020) were examined. With the Modified Normalised Difference Water Index (MNDWI), the water areas in the lagoon were determined by object-based classification. When the changes are examined on a regional basis, it is seen that there are erosion and accretion areas were observed. Pearson's r value was examined between End Point Rate (EPR) and Linear Regression Rate (LRR) and a high correlation such as r = 0.921 was obtained. The maximum coastal change was observed as 18.74 m/year with EPR and 18.62 m/year with LRR.

The involvement of multiple stakeholders complicates urban land governance. The e-Land Administration System (e-LAS) is expected to help decision-makers cope with this challenge. The aim of this research is to explore the mechanism through which e-LAS promotes efficient cross-sectoral collaborative land governance (CSCLG) and to test its effectiveness in a Chinese city through an empirical case study. The results of interview and documentary analysis show that the mechanism encompasses three parts: the technical tools of e-LAS, the subgoals of CSCLG, and CSCLG’s technical requirements on e-LAS. These technical tools work together to speed up the process of inputting and outputting information, building relationships, facilitating communication, and assisting collaborative decision-making among both internal and external stakeholders. However, our study of the e-LAS in the case city reveals that specific technical tools for collaborative decision-making are not well-developed, suggesting that China is still in the early stage of implementing functional e-LAS for CSCLG.

In many real navigation problems, moving objects may have some state or measurement constraints along their way. Using these constraints in conventional Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) equations results large matrices which are computationally time-consuming. In this paper, a new Constrained Navigation Filter (CNF) is proposed as a parallel to reduce the computational burden of the conventional EKF algorithm while increasing the positioning accuracy. So a methodology has been developed for Strap-down Inertial Navigation System (SINS) based on MEMS IMU applied on Pipeline Inspection Gauge (PIG) to sense data at constant sampling rate of 108 km of the pipeline. The results verified that using such a hybrid approach has improved positional accuracy 8.97% in comparison with that of the latest methods like EKF/ Pipe Line Junctions (PLJ). Also, the proposed method is 2.277 times better than EKF/PLJ in the algorithm runtime.

In the urban canyon environment, the integer ambiguity is hard to be fixed completely mainly because of the multipath effects, hence partial ambiguity resolution (PAR) is developed. This paper systematically introduces a new model-driven PAR method considering elevation and C/N0. Firstly, the theory of partial ambiguity resolution, the elevation-C/N0 function, and the proposed elevation-C/N0 PAR method are deduced in detail. Secondly, the proposed elevation-C/N0 method is applied in the static and dynamic experiments. The performances of the proposed method are compared with the full ambiguity resolution method, traditional elevation-dependent method, and C/N0-dependent method. Comparisons indicate that the proposed elevation-C/N0 method outperforms other methods. The results show that no matter in the urban static experiment or the dynamic experiment, the ambiguity resolution and positioning solutions can be improved.

The Romanian National Program of Systematic Land Registration is going very slow with only 4% of administrative units completed in almost ten years. The work is done by the private sector and is verified by local cadastral offices (OCPI). This research purpose is to find what is the quality of work and the areas where the private sector needs to improve the quality of the land registration service, in the opinion of 26 OCPI directors. The results show that, in spite of the delays in the project, the work provided by the private sector is seen as qualitative or mostly qualitative by the majority of OCPI directors interviewed. However, from the eight quality dimensions considered for this research, three of them registered percentages that require attention from the private sector, in order to be improved: credibility, reliability of the service or the level of competency of the human resource.