Na3+x[(Zr/Cr)x(Sc/Ti)2-x(PO4)3] glass-ceramic material compositions containing NASICON-type crystalline phases might be a good candidate as an efficient electrolyte exclusively for Na-ion batteries. All-solid-state Na-ion full cells are designed with the three-layered pellets (NaCo0.7(VO)0.3PO4/Na3.5Zr0.5Sc1.5(PO4)3 (NZSP) and Na3.5Cr0.5Ti1.5(PO4)3) (NCTP)/Na-metal foil). The electrical conductivity of the NZSPglass-ceramic powder sample achieves to be highest (9.47 × 10−04 S/cm) due to its lower grain boundary resistance (R gb) as observed in SEM images and also exhibits best electrochemical stability against conductivity when the samples kept in ambient air for 60 d. The charge/discharge capacities for the initial cycle are 75/69 and 60/53 mAhg−1 to both NZSP and NCTP of two full cells, respectively. However, discharge capacities are boosted up for both these cells without much loss in coulombic efficiency even after 10 cycles.

Due to its adaptability in scaling up, a redox flow battery (RFB) is seen to be one of the finest options for large-scale electrical backup systems. As a result, it is feasible to create RFB systems that are both cost and performance effective. Recently, a zinc-manganese RFB that relies on Zn(s)/Zn2+(aq) and Mn2+(aq)/MnO2 redox couples has gained attention since both zinc and manganese are cheap, abundant, and eco-friendly. However, the reversibility of Mn2+(aq)/MnO2 at the positive electrode is limited by the formation of Mn3+ species upon charge/discharge (CD) cycling, resulting in severe capacity fading. Herein, this study examines the use of reducing agents as electrolyte additives to enhance the reversibility of the Mn2+(aq)/MnO2 reaction. Experimental results indicate that sulfuric acid and oxalic acid as additives can significantly improve the reversibility of the Mn2+(aq)/MnO2 reaction and the cycling stability of zinc-manganese RFBs. The acetate-based system demonstrates better reversible reaction than the sulfate-based system having more than 100 CD cycles at a current density of 10 mA/cm2. Coulombic efficiency (CE) is also seen to be higher than 90%. Overall, results lead to increased efficiency and cycling stability for zinc-manganese RFBs.

HfO2-based films prepared by the integration of the sol-gel method and spin-coating procedure were used as the study system to investigate the influence of La doping by varying the La contents of 20, 40, 50, and 60 wt%. GIXRD, XANES, and EXAFS measurements were performed to analyze phase formation, crystal structure, and local structure of the films. The XANES data of the Hf L3 -edge show no significant difference with respect to an increase in La content, indicating a considerable stability of the hafnium ion in the +4 oxidation state. Moreover, the EXAFS spectrum shows that the coordination number of Hf4+ is seven and the Hf–O bond length is ∼2.11 Å, which additionally confirms the formation of monoclinic HfO2 structure. The contributions of the second coordination shells, which are assigned to the Hf–Hf and Hf–La bonds, become well-structured with increasing La concentration in the HfO2 structure. However, the study suggests that the La-doped concentration affects the phase transformation from monoclinic to tetragonal and finally orthorhombic phase, leading to the presence of ferroelectric materials.

This study focused on the rare-earth hetero-valent substituted perovskite BaMO3 (M = Ce, Pr and Tb) which expected to show magnetoelectric response. In general, diamagnetic feature is presented in the 4f 0 BaCeO3 system down to 2 K which is chosen as a reference in the study while BaPrO3 (4f 1) and BaTbO3 (4f 7) display antiferromagnetic phase transition at TN = 11.7 and 33.2 K, respectively, measured by MPMS magnetometer. At high oxygen partial pressure and donor ion-substitution (Nb5+), the BaMO3 systems demonstrate a similar defect chemistry to titanate perovskite which compensated by Ba-vacancy. Dielectric relaxation is detected for the doublet (BaPrO3 and BaTbO3) at the antiferromagnetic phase transition region. In order to examine the magnetoelectric response, the 8 Tesla of magnetic field is applied to the samples during the dielectric measurement. BaTbO3 shows a modest magnetoelectric response around 0.2% at the antiferromagnetic phase transition while that of BaPrO3 is silent. The activation energies derived from Arrhenius equation are reported to be in the range of 0.2 − 0.6 eV.

Surface charge density is a key factor that greatly enhances the performance of a natural-based triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG), which is essential for future sustainable sensing and harvesting devices. This work introduced a conductive interlayer between a main frictional layer and electrode. This approach can suppress the charge recombination rate and improve the amount of charges produced during the triboelectrification process. Bacterial cellulose (BC) film was selected as a main frictional layer for the TENG. A conductive nanomaterial, i.e. silver flake, was incorporated into the BC film as an intermediate layer for enhancing TENG performance. As firstly reported, the maximum electrical outputs for the multi-layer BC structure could be found when using silver flake/BC composite (ratio 1:5) as an intermediate layer, which has 122 V and 8.2 µA of output voltage and current, respectively. This is higher than the output voltage and current of a single layer BC TENG by approximately 3 and 8 times, respectively. The maximum output power of ∼440 µW is achieved by connecting with a load resistor of ∼10 MΩ. This demonstrates an efficient strategy for designing a high performance energy harvester by adding an intermediate layer for the target of practical purposes in sustainable systems.

Sodium niobate (NaNbO3)-based antiferroelectric (AFE) ceramics have received significant attention for energy storage applications because of their good performance, low cost, and nontoxicity. However, the existence of the antiferroelectric P phase at room temperature causes large hysteresis, resulting in reduced energy storage efficiency. In this study, 0.88NaNbO3–0.12Sr0.7Bi0.2TiO3 ceramics doped with Nd3+ (i.e., 0.88Na1-3 x Nd x NbO3-0.12Sr0.7Bi0.2TiO3) at x = 0.0 − 0.025 were prepared via conventional solid-state mixed oxide route. The XRD data showed that all samples exhibited an orthorhombic structure. With increasing Nd3+ doping content, the antiferroelectric P (Pbma) phase to R (Pnma) phase transition temperature (T P-R) shifted to lower temperatures. Consistent with the dielectric properties, a transition to a relaxor-like slim P-E loop indicative of an AFE R phase was observed at the composition x ≥ 0.01. This led to an increase in both the recoverable energy-storage density (W rec) and efficiency (η) with an increasing amount of Nd3+ doping level. The maximum recoverable energy storage density (W rec = 0.54 J/cm3) and high energy storage efficiency (η = 93%) were observed at x = 0.025 under an applied electric field of 100 kV/cm. In addition, the optimum composition at x = 0.025 also exhibited excellent temperature stability from 25 °C to 150 °C. This research demonstrates that the NN–SBT–xNd system has the potential for use for high-energy-density pulsed power capacitor applications.

The melt-quenching approach was implemented to create terbium-doped lithium sodium potassium borate glasses (LNKBTb). Archimedes’ principle, absorption and luminescence spectra, including CIE chromaticity were used to characterize the properties of glasses. Terbium in glasses absorbs photon in the visible and near infrared ranges. The intense green emission at 544 nm was generated by the terbium 5D4 to 7F5 transition when excited with ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) light. The emission intensities of LNKBTb glasses increased with increasing terbium concentrations up to 4 mol%, after which they decreased, resulting in the concentration quenching effect, whereas decay time decreases as Tb2O3 content increases. In CIE 1931, the overall color of emission is green. May bring can continue to develop to use as a photonic material in green light sources and lasers.

The rapid economic growth in recent years has led to the use of glass material in many activities, resulting in a large amount of glass waste. The efficient use of waste glass recycling has gained increasing attention. Researchers propose a method for recycling waste glass to reduce glass manufacturing costs and investigate the physical, optical, and luminescence properties of chromium oxide-doped glass with the stoichiometry of (35-x) B2O3: 35SiO2 (use waste glass as SiO2): 12Na2O: 7.9CaO: 0.1Sb2O3: 10BaO: xCr2O3 when x = 0.00 to 0.05 mol%. Glass was synthesized using the melt quenching at 1,200 degrees Celsius for 3 h. Archimedes’ principle and the Abbe refractometer were used to calculating density and refractive index decrease with the addition of 0.01 mol% of Cr3+ concentration. At room temperature, absorption spectra were analyzed using a UV-VIS-NIR spectrometer exhibiting two broadband at 438 and 625 nm intense bands, and the luminescence properties of the Cr3+ glasses system were investigated using an excitation wavelength of 567 nm, with luminescence peaks observed around 750 nm. CIE L* a* b* shows the green color.

The radiation shielding and elastic moduli properties of (60–x)TeO2–30P2O5–xBi2O3 (x increased from 10–50 mol% in 10 mol% increments) glass series have been discussed. The radiation shielding quantities such as mass attenuation coefficient (µ m), effective atomic numbers (Z eff), half value layer (HVL) and mean free path (MFP) were calculated using Phy–X/PSD program at energies ranging from 1 keV–100 GeV while exposure and energy absorption buildup factors (EBF and EABF) were evaluated using geometric progression (G–P) fitting method at energies ranging 0.015–15 MeV for penetration depths (PD) until 40 mean free path (mfp). In addition, the density and elastic moduli were estimated. The results found that the TPB5 glass sample having the largest content of Bi2O3 possessed the highest density and excellent radiation shielding properties. This reflected that replacing TeO2 with Bi2O3 improved effective radiation shielding. In addition, the MFP for glass series were lower than the hematite-serpentine concrete. It indicated that this glass series are photon shielding better than the hematite-serpentine concrete. Whereas, this sample had the lowest elastic moduli. These results indicated that Bi2O3, a network modifier, has broken glass network bonds and formed non–bridging oxygen (NBOs) which affects the elastic moduli of the glass system.

Barium strontium titanate (Ba0.8Sr0.2TiO3; BST) ceramics, were prepared by the hybrid method between Solid-state reaction (SSR) and Sol-gel methods (SG) in a ratio of 1:0.1–1:0.5. The BST powder was successfully calcined at 850 °C for 2 h. This temperature is much lower than the calcination temperatures of the SSR method. The BST ceramics were sintered between 1150 and 1450 °C. All samples showed the pure perovskite structure corresponding to JCPDS no. 34-0411. The optimum sintering temperature was observed from the samples sintered at 1450 °C for 4 h, indicating a density of 5.26 g/cm3, dielectric constant of 7018, and ferroelectric properties: (P max = 13.8 μC/cm2, P r = 2.5 μC/cm2 and E c = 2.3 kV/cm at 30 kV/cm).