ABSTRACT Chronotypes describe morningness/eveningness preference Society is morning-oriented and late chronotypes suffer and function in hours that are different from their innate preference (social jetlag). Data suggest links between chronotypes and psychological wellbeing, but relationships are unclear. We explore this relationship using a combined measure representing different domains of psychological wellbeing. Participants (177 adults) were reached through social media and asked to answer questionnaires including demographic and health information; morningness/eveningness (MEQ); State-Trait Anxiety Inventory Y-1 (STAI-Y1); Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D); Risk Assessment Suicidality Scale (RASS); and Quality of Life Uniscale (QoL). Data were transformed using Z-Scores and summed to generate a “Psychological wellbeing” variable. Three variables survived the regression model as contributors to wellbeing: chronotype, general health and past mental health issues. Chronotypes therefore have a significant effect on psychological wellbeing and as a society we may want to take action to assist late chronotypes overcome their challenge.

ABSTRACT The process of ferroptosis has become an alternative therapy to fight cancer. As a continuation of previous work, a non-autonomous model was developed for avascular and vascular tumor growth under periodic perturbations that simulate the application of a chronotherapeutically modulated treatment based on triggering the ferroptosis process. It was found that for critical amplitude and a perturbation frequency of twice the autonomous frequency in vascular growth, less complex and therefore less robust states are reached, and the tumor population decreases.

ABSTRACT Evening chronotype is associated with more frequent binge-eating, depression, and less frequent breakfast consumption. The current study investigated whether skipping breakfast mediates the relationships between chronotype and binge-eating, and chronotype and depression. 272 participants completed an online survey with questionnaire measures of chronotype/morningness-eveningness, binge-eating, depression, and meal skipping. Significant positive correlations were found between eveningness and skipping breakfast, eveningness and depression, skipping breakfast and depression, and skipping breakfast and binge-eating. Eveningness was also correlated with binge-eating, and although this was not statistically significant, mediation analysis revealed a significant indirect effect of eveningness on binge-eating through skipping breakfast. The indirect effect of eveningness on depression through skipping breakfast was not significant, but the indirect effect sequentially through breakfast skipping and binge-eating was significant. The current findings indicate potential mechanisms for the inter-relationships between eveningness, breakfast skipping, binge-eating, and depression, which may be more fully investigated in research utilising longitudinal designs.

ABSTRACT Changes in photoperiod affect both oxidative stress (OS) levels and antioxidant enzyme activities in animals. The liver accounts for a vital body metabolic organ. Different light durations may produce different outcomes in terms of OS and liver antioxidant pathways, but the underlying mechanism is not yet understood. This study investigated the effects of diverse photoperiods (SD, short day; MD, moderate day; LD, long day) on OS degree (H2O2 and MDA), antioxidant enzyme activities (superoxide dismutase [SOD], catalase [CAT], and glutathione peroxidase [GPx]), liver total antioxidant capacity, and the Nrf2-Keap1 signaling pathway in striped dwarf hamsters (Cricetulus barabensis) livers. Our results showed that (1) SD treatment for 8 weeks increased the levels of phosphorylated Nrf2, upregulated the Nrf2-Keap1 signaling pathway, and increased the protein expression of SOD and GPx, while decreasing the MDA concentration, all of which reduced the OS degree. (2) Additionally, LD treatment for 8 weeks reduced the extent of Nrf2 phosphorylation, resulting in downregulation of the Nrf2-Keap1 pathway, thus reducing protein expression of SOD2 and CAT, increasing the concentrations of H2O2 and MDA, and increasing OS degree. Collectively, OS levels in C. barabensis liver decreased during SD but increased during LD.

ABSTRACT Some fish in tropical and subtropical waters exhibit moon-related rhythmicity in their reproduction and migration. We investigated the involvement of the subtypes of cryptochrome (mgCry) in moon-related rhythmicity of the Malabar grouper Epinephelus malabaricus, which spawns around the new moon period. Under natural photoperiodic conditions, the levels of mgCry1 and mgCry2 showed daily variation with peaks at 11:00 and 19:00, respectively, in the diencephalon (including the pituitary), regardless of the moon phase. The weekly changes in mgCry2, but not mgCry1, were moon-dependent, with higher levels around the new moon. When fish were reared under natural moonlight, mgCry2 in the pituitary was higher at 15:00 and 11:00 during the new moon period than the full moon period. Rearing fish under moonlight-exposed or moonlight-blocked conditions resulted in increases in mgCry genes in the pituitary during the night at full moon, suggesting that the pituitary is a target organ of the moonlight-dependent clock system. These findings indicate that mgCry genes in the brain of the Malabar grouper exhibits moon dependency, with changes according to the duration of darkness at night. We conclude that weekly changes in Cry genes in the brain play a role in entraining moon-dependent events in the Malabar grouper.

ABSTRACT Variations in circadian phase are expected after extreme changes of regular schedules. We took advantage of a real-life model of dance students to address the influence of social pressures on chronotype and sleep patterns in a paired longitudinal study. Seventeen dancers (18–27 years old) being trained at the Uruguayan national dance school ENFA-SODRE switched from training in the night shift in 2019 to the morning shift in 2021 and were evaluated using the Munich Chronotype Questionnaire. Dancers showed a significant advance in their chronotype (07:08 ± 01:39 to 05:12 ± 00:56, p = 0.043) and a significant increase in social jetlag (1.71 ± 1.05 to 2.46 ± 0.80, p = 0.027), while sleep duration fell within the recommended range for the age in both the night shift and the morning shift. The change in chronotype is correlated with the change in social disruption (n = 12, p = 0.038, R2 = 0.36). Dancers alternately used the strategy of oversleeping on free days (associated with higher SJL) or advancing their chronotype (with slight or no change in SJL). Analyzing the effects at the individual level, we were able to highlight the plasticity of the circadian system to cope with the impact of the morning training schedule within non-sedentary late young adults who abruptly, but permanently, changed the timing of their dance training.

ABSTRACT The study examined eating timing, diet, and sleep phases in people with social jetlag (SJL). SJL was associated with a higher incidence rate of eating jetlag, eating phase delays, an increase in calorie intake after 9 p.m., a decrease in dietary fiber intake for brakfast, and melatonin-containing product consumption for dinner. People with SJL had a reduction in total sleep and light sleep phase duration by 60 and 36 min on work/school days and an increase in total sleep and rapid eye movement sleep duration by 66 and 60 min on weekends, respectively. People consuming foods with more melatonin for dinner showed a decrease in SJL by 54 min and an increase in total sleep and the deep sleep phase duration by 66 and 30 min, respectively. Thus, the consumption of melatonin-containing foods for dinner is associated with a decrease in circadian misalignment and an improvement in sleep quality.

ABSTRACT The present study aimed to examine the effects of repeated low-dose caffeine consumption during a night of total sleep deprivation on psychological state and blood levels of oxidative stress markers after an exhaustive endurance exercise. Twelve recreational runners performed four test sessions in a double-blind randomized order following a baseline night (BN) or a night of total sleep deprivation (TSD). At each test session, blood samples were collected and psychological tests were performed before and after exercise. In comparison with placebo, caffeine ingestion decreased the feeling of sleepiness (FSL) by 28.1% (p < 0.05), reduced the feeling of muscle pain (FMP) by 10.5% (p < 0.05), enhanced the feeling of well-being (FW) by 31.6% (p < 0.05) after TSD, and did not affect levels of oxidative stress markers. Therefore, Caffeine is an effective strategy to counteract psychological adverse effects induced by TSD without being pro-oxidant during endurance exercise.

ABSTRACT This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the effectiveness of internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (ICBT-I) in the short and long term. We searched five electronic databases for studies published from June 2000 to May 2022. Our analysis included 27 studies with 8,728 participants, of which 4394 were in the experimental group and 4334 were in the control group. ICBT-I significantly improved the sleep scores of the experimental group by reducing the intensity of insomnia (ISI) (−4.32) in the post-intervention (I2 = 94%) (95% CI −6.15 to −2.48, p < 0.0001, g = 0.760) and follow-up phases (−2.92) (I2 = 95%) (95% CI −4.87 to −0.97, p < 0.0003, g = 0.622). This therapy also effectively improves short-term and long-term insomnia symptoms, including sleep onset latency, wake after sleep onset, night awakenings, sleep efficiency, and total sleep time. That holds the potential for extensive utilization across diverse populations suffering from insomnia, surpassing the limitations associated with conventional in-person therapeutic methods.

ABSTRACT Water deficiency is one of the most limiting abiotic factors to sugarcane world production (Saccharum spp.). Data on chlorophyll content and gas exchange are used to select genotypes tolerant to water deficit. However, these variables are influenced by environmental factors, which vary intensely throughout the day. Thus, this research aimed to evaluate the influence of diurnal variation of gas exchange, leaf water potential, chlorophyll content, and SPAD index on the differentiation between genotypes tolerant and susceptible to water deficiency. The greenhouse experiment was conducted in a completely randomized 2 × 2 × 4 factorial scheme, with two varieties (RB867515/RB855453), two soil water tensions [without water deficiency (–D) and with water deficiency (+D)], and four evaluation times (7 am, 10 am, 1 pm, and 4 pm) with four replicates. RB867515 maintained greater CO2 assimilation, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, intrinsic transpiration efficiency, leaf water potential, total chlorophyll content, and SPAD index under +D, regulating carbon gain about water loss and providing greater shoot biomass under +D compared to RB855453. The best times to perform the measurements for selecting tolerant genotypes based on physiological traits and specifically on the SPAD index are at 10 am and between 7 am and 10 am, respectively.