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No heritage found on map: the vanishing villages of Hong Kong

Twenty years after its 1997 handover back to China, Hong Kong remains a unique place on the world’s stage. British colonialism has left many enduring marks on Hong Kong identity as well as on its physical landscape. One of the most peculiar, and controversial, is the legacy of the Small House Policy of the New Territories; an agreement reached between the British and the village leaders after it leased the New Territories in 1898. In a city of severe land scarcity, this unusual law grants decedents of ‘original villager’s’ families (mainly Hakka people), upon their 18 birthday, rights to build a maximum three-story house of no more than 2100 sqft. With skyrocketing housing prices downtown, this has created a boom of these ‘village houses’ being build and sold, mainly to ‘new villagers’ migrating from the city, on lands that once were Hong Kong’s farms and rice paddies. This has led to rapid changes in the visuality of these once traditional villages. Most notable is the disappearance of the traditional Hakka ancestral family homes. This visually driven study employs multimodal methods to seek a more in-depth picture of current village life in North Eastern New Territories, Hong Kong by observing, documenting, collaboratively creating, and jointly analysing the multimedia data captured. This study documents the derelict, intact, restored, in ruin structures, attempting to trace revitalized elements of traditional Hakka villages via their design, layouts and relationship with the natural environment. The study looks at how the making and sharing of imagery can foster dialogue and analysis of the current state of flux of these villages, its land and reconsider the ‘place’ they occupy and how these changes may affect visual cultural identity.

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Chornobyl visual lexicon: exploring the visual framing of toxic heritage from the point of view of participatory culture

Even though the Chornobyl exclusion zone (CEZ) is a well-photographed and visually documented site, little is known about the evolution of its visual representations from the point of view of participatory culture. This study investigates how the CEZ is represented on the open photo-sharing platform Flickr and focuses on visual heritage framing from the point of view of participatory culture. Flickr, a social networking site founded in 2004, has a large portfolio of photographs that have been classified and categorised. Thus, it provides a prime container of visual information in the form of user-uploaded digital photographs with an almost 20-year time frame. The data of the study consist of participant-generated images and qualitative interviews from the visitors who visited the site at three different points in time – 2008, 2013, and 2018 – revealing the emerging photographic activities of visitors to the CEZ. During the chosen 10-year timeframe, the exclusion zone was also transformed by the intentional marketing of the site for touristic purposes, and the exponential flow of visitors transformed its landscape into a dynamically developing tourismscape. The longitudinal approach of the study, supplemented by a social semiotic data analysis, elaborates on evolving entanglements of materiality, embodiment, and digital devices as captured from the participants’ pictures. With this approach, the study sheds light on the visitors’ practices of visual engagement with the heritage resources in CEZ and the altering affordances of materiality, sensory experiences, and digital technology devices. The analysis of visitors’ visual engagements with the zone's heritage artefacts reveals visitors’ evolving engagements and pictorial interests in the context of participatory digital visual culture. Moreover, this study provides insights into participatory culture as an agent that changes how heritage is viewed, perceived, and experienced.

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Art-Eco

The starting point for the paper is the Art-Eco Symposium, organised by the Visual Arts Department of the Faculty of Educational Studies and the Arts, Sofia University “St Kliment Ohridski”, and in particular its last edition, held in Kiten in August-September 2023. It was attended by academics from Sofia University, the Academy of Arts “Vl. Strzemiński, Lodz, Magdalena Abakanowicz University, Poznan, Poland, Academy of Arts, Vilnius, Lithuania, etc. The symposium is part of an ongoing focus on ecology, which is expressed not only in the individual work of the participants, but also in exhibitions and international collaborations on the theme, organized by or with the participation of Visual Arts Department’s professors and students since 2021. In the historical context of symposia in nature, where some of the first manifestations of contemporary (unconventional) art took place in Bulgaria (and in most Eastern European countries), I will present the thesis that events like Art-Eco reflect a new engagement with ecology in art institutions. This is an attitude that does not claim to be radical, but is systematic, efficient and honest in terms of possibilities – a trend I call “soft ecology”. “Soft ecology”, as a kind of commentary on the term “soft sciences”, helps us to view ecology as a social science of nature. In the field of art, it allows us to talk about ecology through existing artistic formats, as an element not only of the artistic process and the artwork, but also legitimizing the theme of nature in a institutional and professional environment that is culturally and urban structured.

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