The article analyzes the new model of legal protection for non-original objects generated by artificial intelligence, introduced in Ukraine. Special attention is paid to Article 33 of the Law of Ukraine "On Copyright and Related Rights," which establishes a sui generis right to such objects with a duration of 25 years. The study compares this model with the fundamental theories of intellectual property (utilitarian, economic, personality-based, natural law, etc.) and evaluates its consistency with the principles of copyright. It also examines the interaction between national regulations and the terms of use of popular digital platforms, which have their own rules for the allocation of rights to content. The results reveal additional factors influencing the sui generis regime through the contractual practices of digital services, as well as confirm and expand concerns regarding the devaluation of copyright. The article emphasizes the need for further harmonization of regulations and a flexible approach to determining the legal status of AI-generated outputs.

Objective — to determine the long-term effectiveness of isotretinoin Lidose in comparison with classic isotretinoin. Materials and methods. The study included 194 patients (124 women and 70 men) aged 18—40 years with moderate and severe acne. Depending on the treatment method, the patients were divided into two groups. Group A (comparison) included 95 patients with acne vulgaris or conglobata who used isotretinoin; group B (experimental) included 99 patients who used Isotretinoin Lidose. The examination was performed before treatment, 3 and 6 months after its initiation. After 6 months, patients of both groups were divided into 4 subgroups each depending on the cumulative dose of received isotretinoin: A1 — received less than 120 mg/kg of regular isotretinoin; B1 — less than 120 mg/kg of isotretinoin Lidose; A2 — 120 mg/kg of regular isotretinoin; B2 — 120 mg/kg of isotretinoin Lidose; A3 — 150 mg/kg of regular isotretinoin; B3 — 150 mg/kg of isotretinoin Lidose; A4 — more than 150 mg/kg of regular isotretinoin due to additional administration of 10 mg/day after reaching the cumulative dose by the 12th month of treatment; B4 — more than 150 mg/kg of isotretinoin Lidose due to additional administration of 8 mg/day after reaching the cumulative dose by the 12th month of treatment. Patients of 8 subgroups were examined 12 months after treatment initiation. A score assessment of acne severity was performed using the IGA scale, and a questionnaire was administered to patients and doctors to assess the effectiveness of treatment 6 and 12 months after the start of therapy. The assessment of quality of life was carried out using the authorized Ukrainian translation of the DLQI. Results and discussion. Patients had less acne elements count and a lower IGA score in the group receiving isotretinoin Lidose at 3 and 6 months after the initiation of treatment compared to classic isotretinoin. In subgroups of patients receiving isotretinoin Lidose the number of post-acne scars was 14—30 % lower in 12 months after the initiation of therapy than in subgroups receiving classic isotretinoin. Relapses were more common in subgroups that did not receive the full cumulative dose of isotretinoin (less than 120 mg/kg). Analysis of the assessment of the effectiveness of therapy by patients and doctors in 12 months after its initiation showed similar results: a higher assessment score with isotretinoin Lidose compared to the corresponding cumulative doses with classic isotretinoin. Assessment of life quality in subgroups in 12 months after treatment initiation showed statistically better results in subgroups receiving isotretinoin Lidose compared to subgroups using classic isotretinoin. Conclusions. The use of isotretinoin Lidose provides a significantly better reduction in the number of acne elements and the IGA score compared to classic isotretinoin. The use of isotretinoin Lidose in the treatment of moderate and severe forms of acne reduces the post-acne scars and the disease relapse. The most effective cumulative dose of isotretinoin to prevent recurrence of acne vulgaris and acne conglobata is 150 mg/kg with a subsequent low maintenance dose of 8—10 mg/day.

Dialogue between courts is a mechanism for improving modern constitutional jurisdiction. The growth of information in this century has led to complex conflicts, making it difficult to provide a constitutional response solely based on the internal context of the country. Thus, there is a tendency among constitutional judges to look for other experiences to summarize their impasses, dialogical activities, and exchange of legal reasoning between courts, an expression capable of contributing to reducing the discretion of the constitutional interpreter and the protection of fundamental rights.After the thematic detailing, the methodological aspects applicable to these vocalizations are evaluated, explaining in general their conditions, characteristics, modalities, object, hypotheses and objectives, to address in the following topic the assumptions and legitimizing bases of judicial dialogue, to prove how constitutional theory serves as a support for the construction of this network of legal interaction, highlighting, in particular, the perspective of constitutionalism as a dynamic process, the contribution of constitutional hermeneutics, countermajoritarian the position of the Court and the improbability of building a Global Constitution in the world.Finally, we try to systematize judicial dialogues between Constitutional Courts, offering a procedural interpretation of how a foreign judgment can be internalized in the national reality of the Supreme Court, emphasizing the possibility of a step-by-step approach to contextualize constitutional orders inserted in different contexts, mainly using comparison as an interpretive method. In this context, the work is the result of the reflexive organization of the exchange of influences between constitutional judges, who play an essential role in the collaboration of the rationalization and control of power with the exchange of horizontal experiences, given that the dissemination of jurisprudential agreements between constitutional courts are tools capable of reducing the limits of the interpreter’s discretion and protecting fundamental rights that are vulnerable due to the level of rooting of paradoxes and their global projection in constitutional jurisdiction.

In this study the emission homogeneity of InGaAs multiple quantum wells (MQW) was investigated. Two sets of samples grown by molecular beam epitaxy, with varying In content and QW thickness as well as barrier thickness, were mapped using room temperature photoluminescence and micro-photoluminescence. The result showed that increasing In content leads to a higher stress accumulation which can lead to the formation of a denser net of lattice mismatch dislocations in the QW layer. Samples with optimized barrier design exhibit uniform emission intensity.

Статья посвящена детальному анализу применения комбинированной анестезии пропофолом и внутривенным лидокаином в хирургической стоматологии и имплантологии. Основное внимание уделяется преимуществам данного метода по сравнению с моноанестезией, а также важности мониторинга вегетативной нервной системы (ВНС) с использованием программы emWavePro.

В современной клинической практике сохраняется значимость вопросов, касающихся интеграции и модуляции активности вегетативной нервной системы. Общий адаптационный синдром, как универсальный ответ организма на любое воздействие, обусловлен комплексом причин и напрямую коррелирует с резистентностью организма к стрессовым факторам. В настоящей работе представлены клинические наблюдения пациентов реанимационного профиля, демонстрирующие разнообразие клинических сценариев и исходов, что указывает на существенные вариации в доминировании симпатической или парасимпатической иннервации вегетативной нервной системы.

The article outlines a methodology for creating three-dimensional object models for a standardised approach to STEM (science, technology, engineering and mathematics) design. The study was conducted on the example of tightening the vertical levers of a freight wagon bogie. The features of the tightening design as well as the strength calculation for the rod system are described. Its loading under the action of an external force was simulated using the finite element method by means of the SolidWorks simulation software to determine the stress distribution and displacement fields in the tightening. A 3D-printing of the tightening prototype was carried out, which confirmed the accuracy of digital models and the effectiveness of additive technologies for their creation. The achieved results showed the potential for using 3D-printing to test and improve wagon brake systems. The presented methodology has practical significance for mechanical engineering, transport systems, and automation, as it can be used to reduce design and production cycles and increase the product competitiveness.

ConspectusThe fundamental mechanism of ion translocation against the concentration gradient in biological systems has become a central focus of research. The variation of the electric field in response to external stimuli can be an essential trigger in this process. The introduction of molecular machines has enriched this field by providing a direct approach to converting energy into mechanical work. However, existing models mainly rely on photoisomerization dynamics that alter the location of ion-carrying molecular segments to achieve transportation. In a recent series of works, we present a new design of light-driven anion-translocating molecular machines that do not involve any conformational changes. In the designed structures, the dramatic redistribution of positive charge from the electron acceptor to the donor moiety in the dipolar cation dye is driven by excited-state intramolecular charge transfer (ESICT). This shifts the anion binding site to the opposite side of the molecule, facilitating a fast and directional ion motion. The continuous reversible cycle arises from the fact that the forward motion occurs during the excited-state lifetime on the high-energy potential energy surface, whereas the reverse reaction proceeds on the ground-state potential energy surface. Thus, the light quanta not only provide the energy source but also serve as the factor that drives the ion in the specified direction.The unexpected observation about the anomalous dual-emission behavior of various phosphonium and pyridinium salts in nonpolar solvents has prompted the proposal of such a photoinduced counterion migration mechanism. Unlike the ultrafast ESICT process, which occurs on a subpicosecond time scale, the appearance of a strongly Stokes-shifted emission band─attributed to anion translocation─is observed over tens to hundreds of picoseconds. Furthermore, it was shown that the increase in ion radius results in the retardation of anion motion, which can be adequately explained by the mechanism we proposed. The interpretation of ion motion as a relaxation process toward electrostatic equilibrium is supported by the observed monoexponential decay of the spectral response function C(t) that is commonly used to describe the dynamics of solvent relaxations. Based on C(t) analysis, the dependence of the motion rate on the temperature and solvent viscosity demonstrated the absence of significant energy barriers during the process. Through structural modification of functional groups, the appended photoinduced intramolecular proton-transfer group anchored on the donor side enhances the efficiency of ion translocation.In this Account, we briefly summarize recent reports on photoinduced counterion migration and highlight its potential for enabling transmembrane ion transport. Although challenges in future practical applications still need to be addressed, the core principle of modulating the directionality of anion migration along the dipolar cationic backbone via ESICT offers a promising opportunity for a concise and general design strategy for molecular machines that simulate the active translocation of ions in biological systems.