Life history framework underscores the importance of time perspective in studies on dark personality development and its outcomes. This study aims to examine the potential role of future negative insight between Dark Triad and antisocial attitudes through a temporal process. Data were collected from 245 participants (120 boys, 125 girls; mean age = 15.58, SD = 1.76) across three time points in a longitudinal design. Study 1 used structural equation modeling (SEM) with baseline data (T1) to examine the mediating role of future negative insight in the relationship between Dark Triad traits and antisocial attitudes. Study 2 employed a three-wave Random-Intercept Cross-Lagged Panel Model (RI-CLPM) to investigate the dynamic relationships among them. Study 1's SEM analysis demonstrated that future negative insight significantly mediated the relationship between Dark Triad traits and antisocial attitudes. Study 2's RI-CLPM revealed intricate cross-lagged associations among Dark Triad traits, future negative insight, and antisocial attitudes, underscoring their temporal dynamics and longitudinal interdependence. These findings highlight the motivational process and psychological developmental mechanisms underlying the link between dark personality traits and antisocial outcomes from a temporal perspective.

The brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens, BPH) is a notorious sap-sucking pest on rice (Oryza sativa) causing substantial yield losses. During BPH oviposition, its egg-associated secretions trigger rice defense responses; however, the role of their specific components in plant immune modulation remains poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the effect of the oviduct-secreted protein 1 (NlOdsp1) from BPH egg-associated secretions on plant defense. NlOdsp1, a planthopper-specific gene, is predominantly expressed in the female adults and oviduct of BPH. NlOdsp1 activates cell death and reactive oxygen species production in Nicotiana benthamiana and impairs the performance of the whitefly and aphid. Moreover, its 39 amino acid peptide is recognized by plants as a minimal immunogenic epitope. NlOdsp1 significantly induces H2O2 accumulation in rice and enhances rice resistance to BPH. NlOdsp1 from BPH egg-associated secretions serves as a critical and unavoidable elicitor, triggering plant resistance to various insects. The essential role of this protein for BPH reproduction may preclude evolutionary adaptations to evade detection by rice. © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.

Polyamines are small, aliphatic, nitrogenous bases that play vital roles in the growth and development of organisms. In certain cereal crops, polyamines regulate grain growth and development, and exogenous application can considerably enhance grain-filling efficiency and grain quality. However, the functions of genes associated with polyamine metabolism in foxtail millet (Setaria italica L.) remain poorly characterized. In this investigation, nine genes related to polyamine metabolism, belonging to five gene families, were identified in foxtail millet. These nine genes are distributed across three of the nine chromosomes. The cis-acting elements in these gene promoters are primarily related to plant growth and development, environmental stress, and hormone response. Transient expression experiments revealed that SiSPDS2 is located in the cytoplasm and nucleus. In Arabidopsis, SiSPDS2 overexpression increased seed spermidine content and significantly enhanced plant height, silique length, seed size, and 1000-seed weight, suggesting that SiSPDS2 can positively regulate seed growth and development. This study provides a theoretical basis for further research into the role of polyamines in the growth and development of foxtail millet.