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Physicochemical characterization of starch/citrate- capped plasmonic nanoparticles for effective quantification of fenobucarb pesticides in fruits

Abstract Nanoparticles have attracted considerable attention from researchers due to their notable optical properties, demonstrating a significant enhancement in UV-visible sensitivity. This investigation aimed to fabricate colorimetric films through the amalgamation of starch with silver nanoparticles (Cit-AgNPs) for fenobucarb detection in fruits. The resultant films presented a uniform surface, the thickness of which was contingent upon the quantity of Cit-AgNPs integrated. Introducing fenobucarb into the Cit-AgNPs film induced displacement of negatively charged Ag surfaces. Remarkably, metal nanoparticles endowed with specific ligands have exhibited substantial promise in the advancement of miniaturized colorimetric assays, capable of detecting a broad spectrum of molecules, thereby facilitating the identification of trace-level target analytes through discernible visible color alterations perceptible to the unaided eye. Using localized surface plasmon resonance principles and nanoparticle self-assembly aggregation, plasmonic Ag has been effectively enhanced, resulting in a transition from yellow to dark grey-brown hue. The proposed sensor methodology demonstrates a linear range spanning from 0.005 µM to 500 µM, with a limit of detection and a limit of quantification of 8.86 µM and 29.53 µM, respectively. Determining fenobucarb in grapes, pumpkins, and passion fruit has consistently exhibited high reproducibility and reliability. This study is a paradigm of a straightforward, expeditious, and economically viable approach for fenobucarb detection in food commodities, presenting a novel avenue for evaluating food safety.

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Effect of Gel from Erythrina Subumbrans and Plectranthus Amboinicus Leaf Extracts as Anti-Inflammatory Agent in Male Balb/c Mice

Background: Various types of nutritious plants owned by Indonesia can be used as traditional medicine by the community because they are considered more economical and cause fewer side effects than chemical drugs. For example, the dadap plant (Erythrina subumbrans) and the cumin plant (Plectranthus amboinicus) which have potential as anti-inflammatory drugs. Dadap leaves contain active ingredients, such as alkaloids, flavonoids, and tannins. Meanwhile, cumin leaves contain saponins, flavonoids, polyvenols, and essential oils. Flavonoids work by inhibiting the action of COX-2 which causes inflammation. Objective: This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of the extract gel of dadap leaves and cumin leaves as anti-inflammatory in male Balb/c mice. Methods: The research was carried out through the stages of making extracts, making gel formulas, and induction of inflammation in male mice by use caragens. The data analysis method used was the ANOVA test which was obtained by observing the tumor, calor, rubor, and dolor of male mice. Conclusion: Dadap leaves and cumin leaves can be used as anti-inflammatory gels on the extremities. The three gel formulations of dadap leaves and cumin leaves can relieve inflammation. Results: From the test on mice, the most effective gel formulation was the formulation of 7.5% dadap leaf extract and 17.5% cumin leaf extract.

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Effect of Gel from Erythrina Subumbrans and Plectranthus Amboinicus Leaf Extracts as Anti-Inflammatory Agent in Male Balb/c Mice

Background: Various types of nutritious plants owned by Indonesia can be used as traditional medicine by the community because they are considered more economical and cause fewer side effects than chemical drugs. For example, the dadap plant (Erythrina subumbrans) and the cumin plant (Plectranthus amboinicus) which have potential as anti-inflammatory drugs. Dadap leaves contain active ingredients, such as alkaloids, flavonoids, and tannins. Meanwhile, cumin leaves contain saponins, flavonoids, polyvenols, and essential oils. Flavonoids work by inhibiting the action of COX-2 which causes inflammation. Objective: This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of the extract gel of dadap leaves and cumin leaves as anti-inflammatory in male Balb/c mice. Methods: The research was carried out through the stages of making extracts, making gel formulas, and induction of inflammation in male mice by use caragens. The data analysis method used was the ANOVA test which was obtained by observing the tumor, calor, rubor, and dolor of male mice. Conclusion: Dadap leaves and cumin leaves can be used as anti-inflammatory gels on the extremities. The three gel formulations of dadap leaves and cumin leaves can relieve inflammation. Results: From the test on mice, the most effective gel formulation was the formulation of 7.5% dadap leaf extract and 17.5% cumin leaf extract.

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Nutrition Adequacy Level of Pregnant Women and Toddlers Aged 0 to 24 Months in Gianyar Regency

Stunting has become a national issue that has received a lot of attention recently, as stunting can affect the nation's productivity in the future. The adequacy of nutritional intake in months 0 up to 24 months, or 1000 days of life, is one of the key factors in preventing stunting. This study aims to determine the nutrition adequacy level of pregnant women and children aged 0 to 24 months in Gianyar Regency. This study was a household survey with a cross-sectional approach. The samples were households in Gianyar Regency in 2021 with pregnant women and young children (up to 24 months old), chosen using the cluster method with the census block serving as a cluster. From each selected census block, 5 samples of pregnant women, 5 samples of children aged 0–1 year, and 5 toddlers aged 1-2 years will be selected by a simple random method. Data was collected using the Semi-Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (SQ-FFQ). Data analysis was performed using the NutriSurvey application. The total energy of pregnant women was moderately deficient; protein and fat adequacy were normal, while carbohydrates, calcium, and iron were severely deficient. Nutritional adequacy for toddlers aged 0–1 year in the form of energy, protein, fat, carbohydrates, calcium, and iron was classified as normal. Nutritional adequacy for toddlers aged 1-2 years in the form of energy, protein, fat, calcium, and iron was classified as normal, while carbohydrates were moderately deficient. The presence of nutrition deficiencies among pregnant women indicates that a public health program regarding carbohydrate, calcium, and iron deficiencies is urgently needed.

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