In the present study we performed Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations to study the decorated Vanadium (V) on graphene sheet (Gr-V) as well. We adsorbed 6H2 molecules on V decorated graphene surface. The calculated total energy (Etotal) for pristine graphene and complex system Gr-V found –223.718 Ry and −368.95557 Ry respectively. After successive adsorption of molecular hydrogen, the total energy found in the range of −371.308 Ry to −382.523 Ry. We investigated the Fermi energy in increasing order within the range of 0.898 eV to 3.135 eV, The evaluated binding and Fermi energies confirms the Vanadium candidate is more suitable for hydrogen storage capacity of the studied system. On the basis of the extracted results, we can infer that the decorated hydrogen molecule (1H2-6H2) has the sufficient gravimetric capacity of V decorated graphene. The density of states (DOS) confirms the weak interaction between σ bonding electrons of H2 molecule (1H2-6H2) with the vanadium (V) decorated graphene complex system. Our reported complex system (Gr-V-1H2-6H2) is feasible for a promising material to store hydrogen molecules (H2) moreover.

Aluminum matrix composites (AMCs) are the most popular materials for use in a variety of industries, including the aerospace, automotive, and military sectors due to its advantageous features. In this study, the influence of AlN particles insertion on the morphology and mechanical properties were reported.Stir casting method was engaged to manufacture the AA2017 based composites reinforced with x wt.% of AlN particles (x = 0, 5, 10 and 15 wt%).The developed composites were undergone to conduct the tensile test, compression test, and hardness test as per ASTM standard. Microstructure of the proposed composites clearlyexposedthe homogeneous circulation of AlN particles and also no agglomeration formed within the matrix. The results showed the tensile strength (TS) compressive strength (CS)and hardness have drastically improved with insertion of AlN content in the base matrix. As a result, the better properties can be achieved in 15 wt% of AlN particles reinforced AA2017 matrix composite.

The research focuses on the sustainable utilization of rice residue for lightweight biocomposites, emphasizing the importance of pre-treatment methods like NaOH interventions on cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin in rice residue. The balance in pre-treatment timing is crucial for maintaining the structural integrity of these components. Rice Husk Ash (RHA) stands out for its low heavy metal content and high refractoriness, making it versatile for various applications. Rice straw (RS), another component of rice residue, offers abundant cellulose and low lignin, making it suitable for biocomposite matrices. The study delves into extracting cellulose and CNCs from RS for eco-friendly packaging, targeted drug delivery, and high-quality composites. It also explores how advanced farming practices can reduce waste and enhance crop yields.

Rapid progress was made in the development of additive manufacturing process, which went commencing being uncomplicated model substitutes to talented additive process. With powders, additive method such as full melting, segment by segment material fusion, and congeal of fine particles may present inimitable opportunities and compensation. Titanium carbide (TiC) and titanium diboride (TiB2) are employed as reinforcements in the creation of AM60-based hybrid metal matrix magnesium composites. Hybrid AM60 nanocomposites were made using well-known additive manufacturing techniques such selective laser melting. The AM60 bar was created from cylindrical type specimens. The reinforcements are increased by percentages two combination of hybrid composites are prepared AM60 with 4 % Titanium carbide (TiC) and titanium diboride (TiB2) and 8 % Titanium carbide (TiC) and titanium diboride (TiB2). Consequences of the reinforcement were evaluated using micro tensile and micro hardness tests. Among the samples and specimens are showed in harmony through ASTM values, micro tensile and micro hardness characteristics are evaluated using Digital tensometer instrument and a Vickers hardness tester. Vickers Hardness Numbers (VHN) for AM60 magnesium alloy with 4, and 8 % reinforcing are 185.9, and 206.8, respectively. The highest ultimate tensile strengths are, respectively, 703.15, and 809.9 MPa. An Optical Micrograph is used to evaluate the bonding structure of composites, while a Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM) is used to evaluate micro tensile specimens. The greater impact of the different reinforcements Titanium carbide (TiC) and titanium diboride (TiB2) has led to more improved tensile and hardness properties.

This review article summarizes the various components in the field of composites. A composite is a material which consists of two or more individual materials blended together or joined together to form a newer material which is meant for their improved properties. In this article, the different categories of the composite materials and the materials used as composites are discussed. The major objective of this study is to know about the various materials, which can be act as the reinforcement and the matrices. The methods of fabrication of the composites are also discussed in an elaborate manner. Over 80,000 types of the materials are available in the world, estimation suggests in the research on engineering materials. It includes metallic compounds and non – metallic components, such as ceramics, glasses, plastics, semiconductors, etc.This article also discusses about the details of the composites such as advantages and drawbacks, matrix systems, reinforcement volume, characteristics such as mechanical, physical, thermal and tribological properties. In expansion to this, also gives the over view for the application of the composites in different field on domestic applications, bio – medical applications and several industrial applications. A lot of tools also be there to select the material for the composites to support the production.Most importantly, in this review the natural fibre composites are dealt with more concern. And the criteria for the material selection such as strength, stiffness, cost, weight, renewability, recyclability, biodegradability, eco – friendly and availability are taken into account for the selection. In recent years, since the importance of the natural fibre composites in various applications in automotive, aerospace, defence, medical, furniture and building construction industries. This will be greatly beneficial for the researchers and the academicians, to understand about the natural fibre composites as well as their applications.

The current investigation involved the fabrication of Al6061/SiC/B4C composites with different sintering temperatures using the vacuum casting technique. The morphology and mechanical properties of these composites were then analyzed and are summarized. Morphology studies show that increasing the sintering temperature leads to notable grain refinement, even distribution of reinforcement, and minimal porosity. The incorporation of SiC and boron carbide particles into the matrix enhanced the hardness of 18.37% of the composites by serving as a hindrance to the movement of the matrix lattice dislocations. An increase in sintering temperature results in greater plastic deformation of composites, hence cracks formed and propagated easily due to their brittle nature ultimately reducing the impact strength of composites. The robust adhesion between the Al6061 matrix and the SIC and boron carbide particulates in particle-reinforced composites efficiently inhibited delamination and decreased the rate of wear composites.

In this paper an attempt has been made to develop the aluminium based metal matrix composites. Al7055 were chosen as base material and hard ceramic particulate nano silicon nitride as reinforcement. The composites were fabricated by using bottom pouring stir casting technique by varying weight percentage of Si3N4 in steps of (3 wt%, 6 wt% & 9 wt%) respectively and particle size of 30, 60 and 90nm. Morphological characterization of composites was conducted by using HRFESEM. The SEM result reveals that there is homogeneous distribution between the matrix and reinforcement. EDS mapping for prepared composites were done to identify the presence of alloying elements and phase distribution. XRD analysis is conducted for validation of the structural composition. Mechanical tests like tensile, micro Vickers hardness and impact test were performed on developed composites. The ultimate tensile strength of the composites at 9 wt% and particle size of 90 nm found to be diminishing due to severe agglomeration. The hardness value increases at 9 wt% and particle size of 30 nm. The toughness of the composites increased at 30 nm reinforcement size and 6 wt% as compared to higher weight percentage developed composites. Corrosion test were conducted as per ASTM G31 by weight loss method for different samples by dipping composite samples in 50 g Hcl solution for duration of 6 h and it was found that the corrosion resistance of the composites was higher while increasing the wt% of Si3N4 as compared to base matrix..

This study develops Ni-based metal matrix composite (MMC) coatings on copper substrate with varying Al2O3 concentrations. Adding Al2O3 to Ni-Al2O3 improves its qualities, such as microhardness, friction, wear resistance, corrosion resistance, etc. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) were employed to characterize these MMC’s coatings. In the present work, the microhardness and corrosion resistance of the composite coatings are improved when Al2O3 content is increased to 9%. Secondary particle reinforcement was found to be an influencing factor in microhardness. Further, work is being carried out to study the effect of rising current density and Al2O3 concentration. However, coatings containing 12% Al2O3 nanoparticle agglomeration led to structural weakness, reduced hardness, and poor corrosion resistance. It was determined that an adequate amount of nanoparticles is crucial for enhancing the microhardness and anticorrosion properties of the coatings.

The present research work is aimed toward fabrication of hybrid Aluminium matrix composites (AMCs) of different hybrid ratios of Alumina (Al2O3) and Silicon Carbide (SiC) followed by investigation of their microstructure and hardness properties. Hybrid AMCs were fabricated through powder metallurgy process by adding 5 wt% and 10 wt% mixture of Al2O3 and SiC reinforcements of various hybrid ratios (0:1, 1:3, 1:2, 1:1, 3:1, 2:1 and 1:0) with the pure Aluminium powder. The mixture powder were properly mixed by ball milling arrangements for 6 h. The mixture powder were preheated at 500 °C for 2 h in a high temperature programmable tube furnace followed by immediate compaction under a closed die at 1500 psi pressure through automatic hydraulic press. The compacted specimens were then sintered at 350 °C, 500 °C and 650 °C for 2 h in the same furnace. Hardness test of the fabricated hybrid AMCs were carried out by Vickers Micro-hardness testers and hardness values were measured by the integrated software. The hardness properties of hybrid AMCs also were compared with the hardness properties of pure Aluminium specimens fabricated through the same process route and process parameters. It is interestingly observed that hardness of hybrid AMC is more when pure Aluminium powder is reinforced with only SiC of same wt.% for both the cases (5 wt% and 10 wt% reinforce AMCs) and it decreases with decrease of weight fraction of SiC and simultaneously increase of weight fraction of Al2O3 keeping total weight fraction of mixture as constant.

Polymer composite prototypes and final products have been produced using additive manufacturing (AM) or three-dimensional printing (3DP). Due to their exceptional physical, chemical, mechanical, and structural properties, composite or reinforced materials, particularly polymers, are gaining popularity in the fields of engineering and science. High-performance printable polymer composites are urgently required due to the mechanical and functional limitations of printed pure polymer components. Customizable geometry, reduced waste, and accessible material shifting are among the benefits of 3D printing. The market expansion of young industrialists may be restricted by the necessity to recognize the potential of 3DP technology. Furthermore, the literature on this subject must be more specialized or cohesive in order to expand beyond the fundamentals for professionals. This article explores the application of 3D printing matrix composite materials with enhanced properties in the fields of electronics, medical, cars, and aircraft. FDM, PLP, DLP, SLA, SLS, and robocasting are among the AM processes that are addressed in this document. Additional applications for these materials are recommended. Finally, the advantages and disadvantages of 3D printing are highlighted in order to facilitate enhancements.