Abstract The climate crisis is increasingly contributing to a mental health crisis. Policy and practice inadequately account for the mental health costs of climate change and the mental health benefits of climate action. The climate and mental health field is expanding rapidly but unevenly. Connecting Climate Minds (CCM), a global initiative, aimed to develop a guiding vision to ensure investment in and implementation of future research aligns with lived experience needs and appropriately informs policies. CCM convened 1184 contributors with diverse expertise across 126 countries, through 21 online and in-person dialogues. Their insights produced a Global Research and Action Agenda for climate change and mental health. This paper outlines the 53 research priorities structured into four high-level themes (impacts, risks and vulnerable groups; pathways and mechanisms; mental health benefits and risks of climate action; mental health interventions). It also outlines how to implement research and translate evidence to action.

Yellowstone’s vigorous hydrothermal system has long been recognized, but it remains challenging to quantify its magmatic heat supply. Here, we use two controlled-source seismic reflection transects and 3-D passive-source tomography to guide a simple model of magmatic heat supply coupled to a thermodynamic model of hydrothermal reservoir convection. Key model properties are the surface area of the magmatic-hydrothermal interface, conductive-boundary-layer thickness, and the temperature difference between the top of the magma reservoir and the base of the hydrothermal system. Magmatic temperature is set to an estimated rhyolite solidus, and the base of the hydrothermal system is estimated near the critical point for water. Seismic reflections are consistent with a conductive boundary layer thickness of ∼120 m or less, and a shear-velocity-tomography contour that encloses the reflections has an area of ∼1190 km2 (40% of the 0.63 Ma caldera). The magmatic heat supply model predicts at least 7.5 GW, which is consistent with a prior geochemical estimate of 6.6 GW of output to surface water and ∼12% convective heat loss. The new results support the feasibility of system-scale geothermal budget estimation for onshore magmatic and hydrothermal reservoirs.

The mid-Norwegian margin is one of the best studied volcanic rifted margins on Earth. Geophysical investigations have demonstrated the presence of well-developed inner and outer Seaward Dipping Reflectors (SDRs), landward flows, lava deltas, marginal highs, volcanic centers, ash layers, and sill complexes. These features have been proven to consist of magmatic rocks through the international Deep Sea Drilling Program (DSDP Leg 38, 1974), Ocean Drilling Program (ODP Leg 104, 1985), International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP Expedition 396, 2021), and commercial drilling. A total of fifteen drill cores penetrated magmatic rocks that formed between 57 and 50 million years ago (Ma). Here we provide (i) new (n = 224) major and trace element compositions obtained by X-ray fluorescence (XRF), inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), and inductively-coupled optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) on whole rock powders of magmatic rocks for IODP Exp. 396 (n = 119), ODP Exp. 104 (n = 79), DSDP Exp. 38 (n = 24); and (ii) a compilation of all new and published data for magmatic rocks in the fifteen drill cores (n = 563). Portable X-ray fluorescence (pXRF) data (n = 381) for the IODP Exp. 396 cores are also reported. These datasets provide a resource for examining the origin of magmatism associated with continental breakup and rifted margin formation, particularly the formation of excess magmatism compared to normal mid-oceanic spreading ridges, mantle-crust interaction, and the linkage of magmatism to global hyperthermal events on Earth's surface.

Abstract Producing stable 58 Ni in Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) requires sufficiently high-density conditions that are not predicted for all origin scenarios, so examining the distribution of 58 Ni using the near-infrared (NIR) [Ni II ] 1.939 μ m line may observationally distinguish between possible progenitors and explosion mechanisms. We present 79 telluric-corrected NIR spectra of 22 low-redshift SNe Ia from the Carnegie Supernova Project-II, ranging from +50 to +505 days, including 31 previously unpublished spectra. We introduce the Gaussian Peak Ratio, a detection parameter that confirms the presence of the NIR [Ni II ] 1.939 μ m line in eight SNe in our sample. Nondetections occur at earlier phases (≤+100 days) when the NIR Ni line has not emerged yet or in low signal-to-noise spectra, yielding inconclusive results. Subluminous 86G-like SNe Ia show the earliest NIR Ni features around ∼+50 days, whereas normal-bright SNe Ia do not exhibit NIR Ni until ∼+150 days. NIR Ni features detected in our sample have low peak velocities ( v ∼ 1200 km s −1 ) and narrow line widths (≤3500 km s −1 ), indicating stable 58 Ni is centrally located. This implies high-density burning conditions in the innermost regions of SNe Ia and could be due to higher mass progenitors (i.e., near-M ch ). NIR spectra of the nearly two dozen SNe Ia in our sample are compared to various model predictions and paired with early-time properties to identify ideal observation windows for future SNe Ia discovered by upcoming surveys with Rubin-LSST or the Roman Space Telescope.

High-resolution lipidomics at the scale of individual mesozooplankton offers a powerful tool for understanding trophic interactions and carbon cycling in marine ecosystems, but chitinous exoskeletons present challenges for efficient lipid extraction. Here, we developed and validated an optimized Bligh and Dyer–based extraction protocol that incorporates in-line glass bead homogenization, yielding a 2.5-fold increase in lipid recovery and, when combined with an increased injection volume, a 4.4-fold gain in signal intensity. This workflow enables robust detection of intact lipid species from single Calanus copepods without additional homogenization equipment or extended extraction steps, making it broadly accessible for analytical applications. Furthermore, to address the limitations of current annotation pipelines, we compared adduct-hierarchy (LOBSTAHS) and fragmentation-based (MS-DIAL) approaches directly, finding systematic biases that reshape lipidomic profiles depending on the computational strategy employed. Additionally, by integrating a wax ester-specific fragmentation library, we demonstrated improved annotation of marine-relevant lipid classes largely absent from conventional databases. Together, this extraction and hybrid annotation pipeline enables high-resolution, compound-specific lipidomics of individual mesozooplankton, capturing biological heterogeneity while remaining scalable to pooled samples. Our approach provides a critical methodological advance for tracing lipid metabolism across trophic levels and for quantifying the role of mesozooplankton lipids in marine biogeochemical cycles.

This article proposes a structural reading of the Quake videogame that departs from conventional approaches to game analysis. Rather than treating the game as a coherent fictional world, characterized by narrative or stylistic continuity, this work interprets Quake as an ontological system generated through refusal, subtraction, and spatial discontinuity. By examining the technical substrate of the game's engine, the pervasive role of void, the instability of scale and continuity, and the collapse of global spatial reference, this paper shows that Quake produces coherence not through world-building but through structural constraints that negate representation. The player emerges not as a character but as an operator who temporarily stabilizes an otherwise unstable field. Therefore, coherence arises from systemic refusal rather than from additive construction. This framework positions Quake as a prototype of negative game design and suggests broader implications for spatial theory, game ontology, and the analysis of coherence in digital environments.

This study provides sedimentological and stratigraphic insights into the Ediacaran fluviolacustrine successions of the Amane-n’Tourhart and Tifernine basins. The Amane-n’Tourhart Basin developed in a post-caldera volcanic setting along the margin of the Oued Dar’a Caldera, whereas the Tifernine Basin formed in a pre-caldera tectono-volcanic context associated with caldera development. The successions provide valuable information about the sedimentary processes operating in late Ediacaran continental environments. Field observations, facies analysis, and petrography reveal a variety of siliciclastic, carbonate, mixed siliciclastic–carbonate, and volcaniclastic facies. These facies form associations indicative of alluvial fan, floodplain, and shallow-water lacustrine settings. Alluvial fan deposits are dominated by conglomerates and sandstones forming braided systems. Fluviolacustrine successions show a transition from clay-rich siltstones with calcareous nodules to nodular and massive limestones, marking a gradual shift from fluvial to lacustrine conditions. Laminated limestones and stromatolites indicate intermittent microbial activity that contributed to carbonate precipitation. Sedimentation was strongly influenced by volcanic inputs and climatic fluctuations, alternating between humid and arid conditions. These factors drove cycles of channel incision, sediment infill, and lake expansion–contraction, illustrating the dynamic interplay of volcanism and climate that modulated deposition in these Ediacaran continental basins, with broad relevance to our understanding of this critical window in the Earth’s history.

Abstract Small‐scale turbulence above 10 km is investigated using observations from two recent airborne field campaigns: the Asian Summer Monsoon Chemical & Climate Impact Project (ACCLIP) and the Dynamics and Chemistry of the Summer Stratosphere (DCOTSS). Turbulence is enhanced by factors of 2–24 inside clouds, within 100 km of active deep convection, above atmospheric jets, and above mountains coincident with strong low‐level winds. In DCOTSS, which sampled outflow from overshooting convection over the continental United States, turbulence occurred most frequently near the tropopause, indicating enhanced troposphere‐stratosphere exchange. In ACCLIP, conducted over the northwestern Pacific, turbulence was most common in the upper troposphere. We evaluate the performance of several turbulence diagnostics computed from the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts' fifth reanalysis (ERA5) and operational forecasts, along with the clear‐air turbulence flag recently introduced in the forecasts. Among the diagnostics tested, TI3 computed from operational forecast data is most skillful.

Whether early Earth had a mobile lithosphere and plate tectonics is debated. We present paleomagnetic data quantifying differential motion between lithospheric blocks at ~3.48 billion years ago (Ga). This manifested as [Formula: see text]centimeters per year latitudinal motion of the East Pilbara Craton (Western Australia) across high latitudes, whereas the Barberton Greenstone Belt (South Africa) was stationary at low latitudes. Comparison of this plate motion with candidate analogs suggests either rapid collisional plate tectonics (i.e., an "active-lid") or an episodically mobile lithosphere. We also document the oldest known geomagnetic reversal at ~3.46 Ga, consistent with an axial dipolar dynamo that reversed less frequently than today's. The existence and rates of these surface and core geophysical phenomena provide geodynamic context to Earth's early geophysical and biological evolution.

Groundwater depletion for agricultural irrigation poses significant environmental and economic challenges. This study introduces a proof-of-concept that combines hydro-economic modeling, scenario-based modeling, and multi-objective optimization to manage pumping curtailment in an over-allocated basin in the western United States. Three optimization scenarios were evaluated, each offering different degrees of management flexibility. Results reveal that scenarios with finer spatial resolution achieved greater environmental benefits per unit profit loss. Additionally, strategies allowing fractional reductions in curtailed wells-rather than complete shutdowns based on water rights seniority-substantially improved efficiency, highlighting the value of increased decision-making flexibility. Although scenario testing can aid stakeholder engagement and strategy exploration, multi-objective optimization provides a systematic framework to quantify tradeoffs between competing objectives. This combined approach demonstrates promise for building consensus and supporting the design of sustainable water management strategies that balance agricultural livelihoods with ecosystem preservation.