Abstract Electrochemical water splitting is a promising method for sustainable hydrogen production with low carbon emissions. Molybdenum disulfide (MoS₂), a two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD), has gained attention as a cost-effective alternative to noble metal-based electrocatalysts. This study investigates the effect of precursor molar ratios on the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) performance of MoS₂ synthesized on 3D conductive carbon cloth using the hydrothermal method. MoS₂ was synthesized with varying molybdenum-to-sulfur molar ratios (1:4, 1:2, and 1:1), and characterization confirmed the formation of the 2H-MoS₂ phase, with an additional α-MoO₃ phase. Among the samples, MoS₂-14 (1:4 ratio) exhibited the highest HER activity, with a low onset potential of 155 mV, and a Tafel slope of 58 mV/dec. MoS₂-14 had the largest electrochemical active surface area (Cdl= 251 mF/cm²) and the lowest charge transfer resistance (Rct = 1.28 Ω), indicating superior conductivity and catalytic performance. Morphological analysis showed that MoS₂-14 had a more amorphous structure further enhancing its HER efficiency. These findings demonstrate that precursor molar ratios significantly impact the structural, morphological and electrocatalytic properties of MoS₂, with a 1:4 molybdenum-to-sulfur ratio offering optimal performance, providing valuable insights for rational design of high-performance MoS₂-based electrocatalysts

This study employed electrochemical techniques and computational analyses to evaluate the efficacy of Tinospora cordifolia fraction (TCF) as an anticorrosion agent for carbon steel in a seawater medium. Electrochemical methods were employed to investigate the corrosion performance of carbon steel with and without TCF at different concentrations (25 to 150 mg.L−1) and temperatures (300 K to 320 K). The findings revealed that TCF significantly decreased the corrosion current density, exhibiting its efficacy as a corrosion inhibitor. The inhibition efficiency increases with the concentration of TCF and decreases with rising temperature. The most excellent value of efficiency inhibition corrosion based on concentration is around 90.89% (PDP) and 92.25% (EIS) with the addition of 150 mg.L−1 of TCF. The temperature dependence of the inhibitor efficiency shows that its performance decreases slightly (from 90.89% to 83.74%) with increasing temperature (from 300 to 320 K), but remains effective even at high temperatures. The inhibitor exhibited a mixed-type inhibitory mechanism, although it tends to reduce the cathode oxygen reaction (cathodic-type). Adsorption studies revealed that bioactive compounds from TCF adhered to the steel surface, following the Langmuir isotherm, with a negative free energy value (ΔGads = − 26.73 kJ/mol at 300 K), indicating spontaneous adsorption. Computational analyses with density functional theory (DFT) confirmed the molecular interactions between moupinamide (the dominant active substance in TCF) and the steel surface in corrosion inhibition. This study highlights the effectiveness of TCF as a corrosion inhibitor and elucidates its inhibition mechanism, sorption behaviour, and fundamental molecular interactions.

Heavy-metal contamination in river systems poses an escalating threat to aquatic ecosystems and public health. This study provides the first integrated geospatial assessment of zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), cadmium (Cd), iron (Fe), and manganese (Mn) in water and sediment of the Way Ratai River, an area increasingly impacted by artisanal gold processing. Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) and X-ray fluorescence were used to evaluate water and sediment samples that were gathered at five key locations. Spatial interpolation via ArcGIS with an inverse distance weighting algorithm identified contamination hotspots. In river water, Zn averaged 0.05 ppm, Mn 0.009 ppm, and Fe 0.075 ppm, while Cd and Cu were below detection limits. Sediment concentrations were markedly elevated: Zn 702.62 ppm, Mn 685.60 ppm, Fe 2,954.72 ppm, and Cu 253.84 ppm. All detected metals exceeded regional background thresholds, particularly near gold-processing effluent zones, indicating significant geochemical accumulation. These findings underscore the urgent need for stringent waste-management protocols—such as coagulation and adsorption systems—to mitigate heavy-metal release and protect downstream ecosystems and human communities. This research closes a critical data gap and offers a spatially resolved framework for monitoring and remediation strategies in mining-impacted watersheds.

ABSTRACTThis study examines the relationship among e‐government use, political efficacy, and e‐political participation amid intermediate position of Indonesia in global democracy and e‐government. Using survey data and structural equation modeling, the study finds that quality of e‐government information significantly impacts on external political efficacy. While trust in e‐government improves internal efficacy, it also raises concerns about transparency, which in turn negatively affects external efficacy. User needs does not have significant impact on internal and external political efficacy, but internal political efficacy has significant impact on e‐political participation. These findings suggest that although Indonesia's e‐government platforms provide accessible and reliable information, they remain limited in fostering a politically literate and engaged citizenry. The study underscores the importance of not only expanding technological access but also ensuring secure, transparent, and participatory digital governance. Strengthening political efficacy requires both civic‐oriented services and institutional reforms that address public distrust and promote meaningful democratic engagement.

Cancer is the most common cause of death, with the burden increasing in recent years. Conventional treatments have caused cancer cells’ resistance to drugs. Therefore, it is crucial to develop a radio-labeled theranostic compound such as penta-gamma-vunone (PGV), which significantly suppresses cancer cell growth. In this experiment, the synthesis of [131I]I-PGV-0 compound was done by using the standard Chloramine-T (CT) iodination method with some parameter optimizations, such as the quantity of CT oxidizer and sodium metabisulfite reducing agent, time and temperature of reaction. The radiochemical purity of these compounds was determined using thin layer chromatography (TLC) analysis, and the stability of the radiolabeled compound was also assessed in HBSS medium. Results showed that the highest radiochemical purity (RCP) of [131I]I-PGV-0 (99.83%) was obtained at the CT amount of 25 µg. Stability study revealed that, at the high RCP, this compound was stable for 16 days in cold storage. Molecular docking studies indicated that the radioiodination of PGV-0 enhances binding affinity by interacting with crucial amino acids within the kinase domains of EGFR, HER2, AURKA, and PLK-1.

ABSTRACT In this study, computational fluid dynamics is used to compare the effectiveness of performance enhancement of lift-type vertical axis wind turbines (LVAWTs) across different tip speed ratio (TSR) regimes between a Gurney flap (GF), straight upstream deflector (SUD), and their combination. The study found that the GF is more effective in improving the power coefficient of LVAWTs at low and medium TSR regimes, where dynamic stall is dominant. While both GF and SUD lose effectiveness as TSR increases, SUD performs better at high TSR regimes with more stable flow. However, combining GF and SUD does not provide additional performance benefits compared to using each device individually.

The utilization of antibodies to target radionuclides, known as radioimmunotherapy (RIT), has been actively researched for nearly five decades. Numerous significant preclinical and clinical studies in cancer therapy have been highlighted. Among them, RIT using alpha-emitting nuclides has shown high effectiveness and has attracted much interest in recent years. This review presents an overview of the basic elements of alpha-RIT, namely the target proteins (monoclonal antibodies and antibody-derived proteins), alpha-emitting radionuclides, and labeling methods, which are currently being adapted in cancer therapy. It also highlights efforts to expand the potential of alpha-RIT, including the control of radioactivity distribution in the body.

Objective:To comprehensively analyze the factors associated with anemia among adolescent girls in Pekanbaru, with a focus on nutritional status and anthropometric factors.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted among 230 adolescent girls aged 10–19 years in Pekanbaru from six State Senior High Schools. Simple random sampling technique with proportional allocation to size was used to select the participants. Anemia was defined as hemoglobin levels below the WHO cut-off point. Data on age, menstrual patterns, iron supplementation, and knowledge of anemia were collected from structured interviews, dietary intake from 24-h food recall questionnaires, anthropometric measurements from height, weight, body mass index, mid-upper arm circumference.Results:The prevalence of anemia among adolescent girls in Pekanbaru was 19.9%. The average age of the adolescent girls was 15 years with a menarche age of 12 years. Although statistically insignificant through bivariate testing, it was found that negative attitudes toward iron supplementation, noncompliance in taking iron supplements, and low mid-upper arm circumference may increase the risk of anemia among respondents. Multivariate analysis showed that variables that significantly influenced anemia were low mid-upper arm circumference (PR = 1.951, 95% CI: 1.05–3.60), nutritional status underweight (PR = 0.506, 95% CI: 0.26–0.96), and vitamin B12 intake (PR = 0.558, 95% CI: 0.31–0.97). Adolescent girls with low mid-upper arm circumference had a 1.95 times higher risk of experiencing anemia after controlling for other variables.Conclusion:Anemia among adolescent girls in Pekanbaru were significantly associated with low mid-upper arm circumference (<22 cm), nutritional status (underweight), and vitamin B12 intake. A comprehensive and sustained approach is recommended, including enhanced nutrition education, and dietary diversification.