Politicians and pundits commonly tout campaigning on crime and policing as an effective strategy for winning elections. Yet, scholars have only recently started examining the contributions of both variables to voting. The available research shows that scholars disagree, however, about whether crime and policing, independently or jointly, increase or decrease voter turnout and whether race or ethnicity condition these relationships. We examine these issues with a spatial analysis of voter turnout in the 2023 and 2019 mayoral elections in Chicago. We find that, at the electoral precinct level, turnout is negatively associated with violent and property crime and with police stops. In contrast, it is positively associated with police misbehavior complaints. These relationships are net of spatial error, spatial lags, and common predictors of voter turnout. We also find that crime and policing jointly influence turnout and that several of the crime and policing relationships interact with the percentage of Black and Hispanic residents.

Despite the natural intersection of sport and politics, it remains an understudied topic in academic literature. Further, the majority of scholarship in this area is either rooted in sport sociology, or, aimed at advancing the political science literature. Few studies have looked at the intersection of sport and politics for the purpose of advancing sport marketing scholarship. This is the case in spite of the fact that consumers increasingly expect businesses to take political stands. The current study begins to fill this void by examining the impact of political identity conflict on sport fan loyalty. Across two studies, results indicate that political identity conflict negatively affects attitudinal loyalty, but not behavioral loyalty. Furthermore, differences between liberal and conservative sports fans as it pertains to managing political identity conflict and their perceptions of the intersection of sport and politics are explored. Implications for theory and practice are discussed.

People with HIV (PWH) smoke cigarettes 2-3 times more and are 3 times more likely to have clinical depression relative to the general population. Physical activity (PA) can aid in smoking cessation and reduce depression in the general population; the role of PA for smoking cessation among PWH is unknown. Data collected between October 2021-September 2022 from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS)/Women Interagency HIV Study (WIHS) Combined Cohort Study (MWCCS) were analyzed using logistic regression and structural equation modeling to examine associations between cigarette smoking, PA and depression. Among adult PWH (n = 1584), 505 were insufficiently active (MET-min/week ≤ 500), 400 were currently smoking, and 420 had clinically significant depressive symptoms (CES-D ≥ 16). The odds of current smoking were significantly higher among PWH who were insufficiently active compared to sufficiently active, even after adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, race, ethnicity, substance use, and viral load (aOR = 1.40 [95% CI: 1.04-1.87], p = 0.03). Similarly, the odds of current smoking were significantly higher among PWH with more symptoms of depression in adjusted models (aOR = 1.57 [95% CI: 1.16-2.12], p = 0.003). When stratified by sex, the odds of current smoking remained significantly higher among female PWH, but not male PWH who were insufficiently active. The odds of current smoking also remained significantly higher among females but not males with more symptoms of depression. Structural equation modeling indicated that PA and depression have independent and direct effects on smoking among PWH. Physical inactivity and depression are associated with smoking, but longitudinal studies are needed to better understand directionality and causality.

ABSTRACT The present work demonstrates the synthesis of 1 at. % Zr-doped nanocrystalline AlCoCrCuFeNi high entropy alloy (HEA) by mechanical alloying. It comprises FCC and BCC phases, where Cu and Cr constitute the host lattice. The microstructure and mechanical property stability of the newly developed alloy were examined by annealing it at temperatures up to 1173 K (∼0.75 T m). X-ray diffraction analysis has revealed superior stability of the FCC phase with an enhancement in its volume fraction with rise in annealing temperature. Transmission electron microscopy has confirmed that an average grain size of 27 nm is retained after 1173 K exposure. Analysis of the growth kinetics suggests a higher activation energy barrier for the FCC phase, which is controlled by long-range diffusion. Besides, it has also indicated the presence of solute atoms in the grain boundary region. Based on the contribution of grain boundary solute atoms assessed using the surface segregation model, a thermodynamic grain size stability map has been constructed. The molecular dynamics (MD) simulation has revealed the segregation of Zr atoms at the grain boundary regions of the annealed HEA. Evaluation of the post-anneal microhardness has shown it to be higher for the Zr-doped HEA (8.67 ± 0.5 GPa) by 30% compared to the base composition (6.65 ± 0.6 GPa). Analysis using the modified Hall-Petch model for the annealed alloy shows that grain boundaries are the primary source of strengthening.

Being able to regulate emotions is critical to coping with stress. Stress has also been shown to reduce emotion regulation ability; specifically, stress-based HPA axis activation reduces top-down control of emotion regulation. Reducing HPA axis activation could therefore allow a person to better utilize emotion regulation strategies. Slow-paced breathing can activate the parasympathetic nervous system through increasing vagal tone. In this study, we examined whether a short bout of slow-paced breathing could acutely improve emotion regulation in young adults. Participants were asked to regulate their emotional reactions to negatively valenced images using cognitive reappraisal to either increase, decrease, or maintain the emotional intensity. In the experimental condition, participants completed a 3-minute voluntary breath control exercise prior to the experimental trials. In the control condition, participants completed the experimental trials without a breathing exercise. This was a within-subjects design. An acute bout of slow-paced breathing prior to the emotional experience reduced negative valence and arousal ratings in response to negative images. Participants also reported greater success at emotion regulation following the breathing compared to the control condition. Therefore, slow-paced breathing may be an effective tool to acutely enhance emotion regulation abilities, possibly through the increase in parasympathetic nervous system activation.

Receiving free or reduced-price meals (FRPM) at school benefits resource-constrained families financially and nutritionally. However, many families in the United States do not apply for FRPM, and many eligible students do not eat school meals, possibly due to stigma. This study is a secondary qualitative analysis derived from a mixed-methods study. Interviews were conducted with 66 parents in California and Maine during the 2021-2022 school year when school meals were free for all students nationwide through a universal free school meals (UFSM) policy. Approximately half (56%) of parents had children who previously qualified for FRPM based on household income and completed a school meal application or were directly certified for free school meals in prior school years. Interviews examined parents' self-reported FRPM application stigma, perceived child school meal stigma, and opinions on UFSM. Thematic analysis was used to systematically code and analyze all qualitative data. Major themes included parent stigma associated with school meal applications, parents' perception of child stigma when participating in school meals, and UFSM's ability to reduce stigma for parents and children. Statewide and federal UFSM policies may reduce stigma for both parents and children. While not all parents reported feeling stigmatized when completing FRPM applications, most parents perceived that children experience school meal stigma. Parents believed that UFSM policies reduced stigma for families and children.