Developing countries generally exhibit low ‘saving’ (flow concept) and ‘savings’ (stock concept) rates. The factors underlying household positive or negative saving behaviours in developed and developing countries are not new in the macroeconomic literature. Whereas some determinants are theoretically generic, others are country- or community-specific and worth investigating. In this study, the determinants of household saving behaviour are examined. We obtain the results using primary data from a household survey and a logit econometric model with its associated average marginal effects. Our evidence shows that household income, level of education completed, employment status, and households with launching children (or transitioning older adults) are primary drivers of household saving behaviour in Ghana. Further heterogeneous analysis shows that saving behaviour does not statistically differ by gender but by poverty headcount. In line with the findings of this study, relevant policy prescriptions are discussed.This study contributes to the ongoing discourse on household saving behaviour, specifically within the context of developing countries, by providing empirical evidence from Ghana. Utilising primary household survey data, the research identifies key factors such as income, education level, employment status, and household lifecycle stages (e.g., families with launching children or transitioning older adults) as critical determinants of saving behaviour. The findings offer actionable insights for policymakers in developing economies aiming to boost saving rates, reduce poverty, and promote financial stability. By demonstrating that household saving behaviour varies by poverty headcount rather than gender, the study underscores the need for targeted financial inclusion and education policies. The results are particularly relevant for economic development strategies in countries with similar socio-economic structures, offering a foundation for tailored interventions that can foster more resilient household financial practices. This paper’s insights can shape future research and policy development aimed at addressing the unique saving dynamics in developing nations, ultimately contributing to improved macroeconomic stability and individual financial security.

This study introduces and evaluates the Cubic Transmuted Ailamujia Distribution (CTAD), a novel distribution developed using CRT-type I as a generator and the Ailamujia distribution as a baseline. We derived several statistical quantities, including density and distribution functions, hazard and survival functions, moments, and order statistics. The performance of the CTAD was compared against several established models using three distinct datasets: exceedances of flood peaks from the Wheaton River (Dataset I), cumulative COVID-19 death counts for Ghana (Dataset II), and daily confirmed COVID-19 cases for Ghana (Dataset III). The CTAD showed competitive performance, often outperforming traditional models such as the QTAD and Ailamujia distributions in Dataset I, and demonstrating strong performance relative to the CTGD, CTFD, and CTWD distributions in Dataset II. In Dataset III, while the CTAD was competitive, it was outperformed by the EWD and GGD in terms of AIC and BIC. Overall, the CTAD proves to be a robust and flexible distribution for modelling complex data patterns, though alternative distributions may offer better fits in specific scenarios. These findings underscore the CTAD’s potential as a valuable tool in statistical modelling and suggest opportunities for further research and refinement.

INTRODUCTIONAs aggregation underpins Tau toxicity, aggregation inhibitor peptides may have disease‐modifying potential. They are therefore currently being designed and target either the 306VQIVYK311 aggregation‐promoting hotspot found in all Tau isoforms or the 275VQIINK280 aggregation‐promoting hotspot found in 4R isoforms. However, for any Tau aggregation inhibitor to potentially be clinically relevant for other tauopathies, it should target both hotspots to suppress aggregation of Tau isoforms, be stable, cross the blood‐brain barrier, and rescue aggregation‐dependent Tau phenotypes in vivo.METHODSWe developed a retro‐inverso, stable D‐amino peptide, RI‐AG03 [Ac‐rrrrrrrrGpkyk(ac)iqvGr‐NH2], based on the 306VQIVYK311 hotspots which exhibit these disease‐relevant attributes.RESULTSUnlike other aggregation inhibitors, RI‐AG03 effectively suppresses aggregation of multiple Tau species containing both hotspots in vitro and in vivo, is non‐toxic, and suppresses aggregation‐dependent neurodegenerative and behavioral phenotypes.DISCUSSIONRI‐AG03 therefore meets many clinically relevant requirements for an anti‐aggregation Tau therapeutic and should be explored further for its disease‐modifying potential for Tauopathies.HighlightsOur manuscript describes the development of a novel peptide inhibitor of Tau aggregation, a retro‐inverso, stable D‐amino peptide called RI‐AG03 that displays many clinically relevant attributes. We show its efficacy in preventing Tau aggregation in both in vitro and in vivo experimental models while being non‐toxic to cells. RI‐AG03 also rescues a biosensor cell line that stably expresses Tau repeat domains with the P301S mutation fused to Cer/Clo and rescues aggregation‐dependent phenotypes in vivo, suppressing neurodegeneration and extending lifespan.Collectively our data describe several properties and attributes of RI‐AG03 that make it a promising disease‐modifying candidate to explore for reducing pathogenic Tau aggregation in Tauopathies such as Alzheimer's disease. Given the real interest in reducing Tau aggregation and the potential clinical benefit of using such agents in clinical practice, RI‐AG03 should be investigated further for the treatment of Tauopathies after validation in mammalian models.Tau aggregation inhibitors are the obvious first choice as Tau‐based therapies as much of Tau‐mediated toxicity is aggregation dependent. Indeed, there are many research efforts focusing on this therapeutic strategy with aggregation inhibitors being designed against one of the two aggregation‐promoting hotspots of the Tau protein. To our knowledge, RI‐AG03 is the only peptide aggregation inhibitor that inhibits aggregation of Tau by targeting both aggregation‐promoting hotspot motifs simultaneously. As such, we believe that our study will have a significant impact on drug discovery efforts in this arena.

The NA62 experiment at CERN, configured in beam-dump mode, has searched for dark photon decays in flight to electron-positron pairs using a sample of 1.4×10^{17} protons on dump collected in 2021. No evidence for a dark photon signal is observed. The combined result for dark photon searches in lepton-antilepton final states is presented and a region of the parameter space is excluded at 90% confidence level, improving on previous experimental limits for dark photon mass values between 50 and 600 MeV/c^{2} and coupling values in the range 10^{-6} to 4×10^{-5}. An interpretation of the e^{+}e^{-} search result in terms of the emission and decay of an axionlike particle is also presented.

Abstract Introduction For decades the management of acute diverticulitis (AD) has included endoscopic evaluation to exclude malignancy. In complicated AD, the incidence of colonic neoplasia is between 7.8%-10.9% (1-5) so interval colonoscopy remains mandatory. However, in uncomplicated AD, the incidence is low, 1.6%-1.9% (1-5), therefore the routine colonoscopy may be unnecessary in this group. This audit aims to assess our single-centre compliance with the ACPGBI guidance of colonoscopy post-diverticulitis. Methods A retrospective single-centre audit enrolled 120 patients with CT-confirmed diverticulitis over 18 months. Patient identification involved on-call handover sheets or PACS reports containing "diverticulitis" or "complicated diverticular disease." Patient scans were reviewed, and their management was studied. Results Number Number Uncomplicated Surgery 0 (Hinchey 1A+1B) No surgery 90 (75%) Colonoscopy 71 (59%) No colonoscopy 19 (16%) Surgery 15 (12.5%) Complicated (Hinchey 2 or greater) No surgery 15 (12.5%) Colonoscopy 11 (9.2%) No colonoscopy 4 (3.3%) Total 120 3.3% of complicated diverticulitis did not undergo colonoscopy due to patient choice, comorbidities or frailty. Among the 82 patients who underwent colonoscopy, there was no detection of CRC, resulting in a 0% detection rate. Conclusion In this 120-patient cohort, the incidence of colorectal cancer was 0%, which is in keeping with the published data. 78.9% of patients with uncomplicated diverticulitis underwent colonoscopy, which may have been unnecessary. The use of faecal immunochemical testing may be beneficial as an adjunct to avoid endoscopy in this group, whilst taking into consideration individual risk factors such as age, clinical suspicion of malignancy or concerning features on imaging.

In this paper, we re-analyse the data from a previous study of Straubinger et al., which asked 284 industrial IT staff about their views on testing. In that study, as well as developers, the dedicated role of tester was included in the data - both roles were treated as the same role. In this paper, we posit that the two roles (i.e., developer and tester) are so very different that we should analyse each role separately; testers will have unique insights into testing, so separating their views and experiences from developers is important. To this end, we analyse six of the same research questions as the original study, using separate developer and tester data. Results showed that for almost every question we re-visited, testers differed in their opinions from developers, whether on the type of testing they did, measures of code quality, effort to write tests and motivation for testing.

The COVID-19 pandemic that occurred in March 2020 resulted in the global economy grinding to a halt because of the various measures that were put in place by governments to stem the tide of the pandemic. While various sectors of the economy were hit hard, the micro, small and medium-sized enterprise (MSME) sector is believed to have borne the brunt of the economic shutdown that came about because of COVID. The focus of this paper is therefore to examine the experiences of MSMEs with COVID-19 in Ghana. Based on the experiences of 25 business owners in the MSME sector that were interviewed, it is argued in the paper that given that the pandemic exacerbated the challenges that MSMEs already faced, the development and implementation of various support programmes to the sector would be crucial to the economic recovery that would hopefully occur in the post-COVID period. The attempts to ensure the continued contribution of MSMEs to Ghana’s economy in the post-COVID period would be dependent on the adoption of policies that entail the provision of financial support through loans, loan guarantees and grants; and assisting MSMEs in their use of digital technology to help them with communication and marketing to their customers would be a step in the right direction.

The H1 Collaboration reports the first measurement of the 1-jettiness event shape observable τ1b\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\ au _1^b$$\\end{document} in neutral-current deep-inelastic electron-proton scattering (DIS). The observable τ1b\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\ au _1^b$$\\end{document} is equivalent to a thrust observable defined in the Breit frame. The data sample was collected at the HERA ep collider in the years 2003–2007 with center-of-mass energy of s=319GeV\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\sqrt{s}=319\\,\ extrm{GeV} $$\\end{document}, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 351.1 pb-1\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\ extrm{pb}^{-1}$$\\end{document}. Triple differential cross sections are provided as a function of τ1b\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\ au _1^b$$\\end{document}, event virtuality Q2\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$Q^{2}$$\\end{document}, and inelasticity y, in the kinematic region Q2>150GeV2\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$Q^{2} >150\\,\ extrm{GeV}^2 $$\\end{document}. Single differential cross sections are provided as a function of τ1b\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\ au _1^b$$\\end{document} in a limited kinematic range. Double differential cross sections are measured, in contrast, integrated over τ1b\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\ au _1^b$$\\end{document} and represent the inclusive neutral-current DIS cross section measured as a function of Q2\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$Q^{2}$$\\end{document} and y. The data are compared to a variety of predictions and include long-standing and more recent Monte Carlo event generators, predictions in fixed-order perturbative QCD where calculations up to O(αs3)\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\mathcal {O}(\\alpha _\ extrm{s} ^3)$$\\end{document} are available for τ1b\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\ au _1^b$$\\end{document} or inclusive DIS, and resummed predictions at next-to-leading logarithmic accuracy matched to fixed order predictions at O(αs2)\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\mathcal {O}(\\alpha _\ extrm{s} ^2)$$\\end{document}. These comparisons reveal sensitivity of the 1-jettiness observable to QCD parton shower and resummation effects, as well as the modeling of hadronization and fragmentation. Within their range of validity, the fixed-order predictions provide a good description of the data. Monte Carlo event generators are predictive over the full measured range and hence their underlying models and parameters can be constrained by comparing to the presented data.

The Breit frame provides a natural frame to analyze lepton–proton scattering events. In this reference frame, the parton model hard interactions between a quark and an exchanged boson defines the coordinate system such that the struck quark is back-scattered along the virtual photon momentum direction. In Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD), higher order perturbative or non-perturbative effects can change this picture drastically. As Bjorken-x decreases below one half, a rather peculiar event signature is predicted with increasing probability, where no radiation is present in one of the two Breit-frame hemispheres and all emissions are to be found in the other hemisphere. At higher orders in αs\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\alpha _{s}$$\\end{document} or in the presence of soft QCD effects, predictions of the rate of these events are far from trivial, and that motivates measurements with real data. We report on the first observation of the empty current hemisphere events in electron–proton collisions at the HERA collider using data recorded with the H1 detector at a center-of-mass energy of 319 GeV. The fraction of inclusive neutral-current DIS events with an empty hemisphere is found to be 0.0112±3.9%stat±4.5%syst±1.6%mod\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$0.0112 \\pm 3.9\\%_\ ext {stat} \\pm 4.5\\%_{\ ext {syst}} \\pm 1.6\\%_{\ ext {mod}}$$\\end{document} in the selected kinematic region of 150<Q2<1500GeV2\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$150<Q^{2} <1500\\, \ extrm{GeV}^2 $$\\end{document} and inelasticity 0.14<y<0.7\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$0.14<y<0.7$$\\end{document}. The data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 351.1 pb-1\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$${}^{-1}$$\\end{document}, sufficient to enable differential cross section measurements of these events. The results show an enhanced discriminating power at lower Bjorken-x among different Monte Carlo event generator predictions.

The H1 Collaboration at HERA reports the first measurement of groomed event shape observables in deep inelastic electron-proton scattering (DIS) at s=319\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\sqrt{s} =319~$$\\end{document}GeV, using data recorded between the years 2003 and 2007 with an integrated luminosity of 351 pb-1\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\ extrm{pb}^{-1}$$\\end{document}. Event shapes provide incisive probes of perturbative and non-perturbative QCD. Grooming techniques have been used for jet measurements in hadronic collisions; this paper presents the first application of grooming to DIS data. The analysis is carried out in the Breit frame, utilizing the novel Centauro jet clustering algorithm that is designed for DIS event topologies. Events are required to have squared momentum-transfer Q2>150\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$Q^2 > 150$$\\end{document} GeV2\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$^2$$\\end{document} and inelasticity 0.2<y<0.7\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$ 0.2< y < 0.7$$\\end{document}. We report measurements of the production cross section of groomed event 1-jettiness and groomed invariant mass for several choices of grooming parameter. Monte Carlo model calculations and analytic calculations based on Soft Collinear Effective Theory are compared to the measurements.