The women members of Grampanchayat might be facing certain problems while performing their role. Out of 250 women Grampanchayat members in all 125 were covered under the study by following the Nth . A majority of the women members of Grampanchayat under study were from middle age group. Most of them were having medium size of family, having experience upto 5 years, medium level of sources of information, medium level of cosmopoliteness, medium social participation, medium level of annual income, medium size of land holding, medium leadership behaviour, medium level of motivation, medium level of attitude and also medium level of knowledge. The important problems reported by a considerable number of the respondents had lack of knowledge about duties and responsibilities of Grampanchayat, provision of inadequate grants by the Government, lack of training from concerned agency about the functions of Grampanchayat, lack of time left after domestic and farm work to the respondents.

This study was undertaken to determine economic analysis of production of Bt cotton in Bharuch district of South Gujarat during the year 2019-20.The study indicated that Bt cotton was a labour-intensive crop as farmer incurred highest share of 27.85 per cent and 10.95 per cent of cost of cultivation on hired labour charges and family labour charges, respectively. Overall, per hectare Cost A, Cost B1, Cost B2, Cost C1 and Cost C2 were found to be Rs. 54840, Rs. 55847, Rs. 63487, Rs. 63808 and Rs. 71448, respectively. The average annual yield of Bt cotton was 21.15 quintal per ha. Per quintal average cost of production over Cost A, Cost B1, Cost B2,Cost C1 and Cost C2 were in the tune of Rs. 2592.90, Rs. 2640.52, Rs. 3001.74, Rs. 3016.92 and Rs. 3378.16, respectively. On over all basis, per hectare farm business income, family labour income and net income were Rs. 55410.66, Rs. 46763.66 and Rs. 38802.66, respectively. The returns per rupee on investment on Cost A, Cost B1, Cost B2, Cost C1 and Cost C2 were Rs. 2.01, Rs. 1.97, Rs.1.73, Rss 1.72 and Rs. 1.54 per hectare of Bt cotton cultivation, respectively.

The present study was carried out during 2013 in the Durg district of Chhattisgarh state. This study was conducted in randomly selected 8 villages of two purposively selected blocks i.e. Durg and Dhamdha located in Durg district. The aim of this study was to assess the risk orientation and level of knowledge of drip irrigation farmers about drip irrigation technology. A total of 128 respondents including 64 drip irrigation farmers and 64 non-drip irrigation farmers were selected randomly. The data collection was done by the use of interview schedule through personal interview. Data were analyzed with help of suitable statistical tools. The findings revealed that majority of the respondents had high risk bearing capability and having high level of knowledge about equipments fitted in DIS. Majority of the DIF were having high level of knowledge regarding drip irrigation technology.

Grampanchayat is the most important basic institution for the development of village. In the present study in all 125 women members were selected by adopting following criteria of Nth method. Initially, the list of the women members were prepared alphabetically and then from the said list alternate member were selected as respondents. Hence, out of 250 women Grampanchayat members in all 125 were covered under the study. It was observed that more than half (52.00 per cent) of the respondents had medium level of their role perception while 26.00 per cent and 21.60 per cent of them had high and low level of role perception about functioning of Grampanchayat respectively. Nearly half (48.00 per cent) of the respondents had medium level of role performance while 31.20 per cent of them had low level of role performance and 20.80 per cent of them had high level of role performance.

The present study was confined to Sehore district of Madhya Pradesh. Sehore district which is situated in the west part of the Madhya Pradesh lies between latitudes 30o33’ and 23o54’ North and longitudes 76o11’ and 78o02’ East. It is surrounded by Dewas and Shajapur districts in the west, Rajgarh district in the North-West and Vidisha district in the North-East. The hill region constitutes about 14 per cent in the Malwa plateau. were selected as a sample of the study with the help of proportionate random sampling method. The Sehore district comprises of 5 blocks namely Sehore, Ashta, Ichhawar, Nasriullaganj and Budhani. Out of these blocks Sehore block was selected due to maximum area covered under vegetable cultivated area. These are 304 villages in Sehore block, out of these 10 villages were selected purposively on the basis of maximum area covered under vegetable cultivation for the study. 12 vegetable growers were selected from each village. Thus, the total 120 vegetable growers were selected as a sample of the study with the help of proportionate random sampling method.

The adaptive trial was laidout during Rabi season with the objective to increase the lentil production with wilt tolerant varieties and replace the old cultivars, which is in vogue. The soil of operational area is Kabar, having low fertility status. The wilt tolerant cultivars DPL-62, K-75 and PL- 406 were tested with local variety, which is popularized among the farming majority. The cultivars were planted in the first fortnight of November and harvested after 128 DAS in the second fortnight of March. The highest average yield of lentil was recorded in cultivar DRL-62 by 15.75 q/ha, which lowest average seed yield of 13.00 q/ha was recorded in local check, varieties K-75 and PL-406 produced grain yield by 14.75 q/ha and 14.00 q/ha, respectively. The yield contributing character were concordance to grain yield of lentil. The maximum BCR 1:2.36 was calculated with cultivar DPL-62 closely followed by K-75 (1:2.14). The minimum BCR noted under local check.

Agriculture Technology management Quality Improvement Center (ATMQIC)project of Rastriya Krishi Vikas Yojana was started in Shri Karan Narendra Agriculture University, Jobner to provide a ‘single window’system for farmers. Keeping in view the facts the study was conducted in three selected villages of Jaipur district of Rajasthan and 120 respondent farmers were selected from these three selected villages through proportional allocation to the size of the population.The knowledge of ATMQIC beneficiary farmers was measured and found that majority of respondents (74) of ATMQIC (61.67 %) belonged to middle level of knowledge categories, followed by high (15.83 %) and low ( 22.50%) knowledge categories of respondents of ATMQIC about rabi crop demonstrations. The Rabi crop wise findings of the study indicated that majority of respondents of ATMQIC were found to have adequate knowledge regarding cultivation techniques of Barley crop followed by wheat, mustard and fenugreek crops.

Soil testing is well recognized as a sound scientific tool to assess inherent power of soil to supply plant nutrients. Soil health card (soil test result) can be used to optimize the use of fertilizer in the integrated nutrient management (INM) system. It is essential to create maximum awareness among farmers about judicious use of chemical fertilizers and use of soil health cards. Ten farmers randomly selected from ten different villages that have availed soil testing technique with the total of 100 farmers. The data collect through personal interview method with the pre-tested schedule designed for the purpose. Majority of respondents had poor knowledge regarding soil testing practices but respondents with 45.00 mean per cent score had maximum knowledge regarding benefits of soil testing. While, maximum knowledge gap was observed in proper technique of sampling for horticultural crops. It was also observed that majority of farmers were in positive attitude (72%) with “Soil testing is necessary for better crop production”. Majority of the farmers (76%) did not agree with the statement that “Soil testing is wastage of time and money”. Half of the (50%) respondents expressed that expenditure of crop production decreases after soil testing. Sixty one (61) per cent adopters said that, “Soil testing is very long process”. Therefore, as per problem faced and suggested by the farmers more scientific and educational trainings and facilities are required to disseminate the technology at large.

Rice crop is grown in 43934 ha in Chittoor district of Andhra Pradesh during Kharif and Rabi. The traditional medium slender grain cultivar BPT-5204 is most popularly grown variety during Kharif and occupies 30-40 per cent of area in the district, which is susceptible to BPH and blast resulting in low yields and low net returns. Hence, on farm trials were conducted during 2012-13, 2013- 14 and 2014-15 with objective to assess the performance of new rice variety NDLR-7 which is medium slender short duration (130-135d) variety with tolerance to BPH and blast. During all the three years maximum number of BPH/sample was very low in NDLR-7 than BPT 5204 and maximum collections were recorded in November followed by October month. During all the years the variety recorded 6.1t/ha with average net returns of Rs.76,808/- per ha whereas BPT-5204 recorded 5.83t/ha with average net returns of Rs.68,542/ha. Because of its high yield, pest tolerance and good cooking quality it is widely accepted by farmers through horizontal spread of technology. Due to extension activities of KVK, Kalikiri area under NDLR-7 has been increased from 80ha in 2013-14 to 2000 ha in 2016-17 owing to its tolerance to BPH, fine grain and high market price and first choice of farmers, millers and traders.

The present study was conducted in Amravati district of Vidarbha region of Maharashtra state. The study “Awareness of members about functioning of self-help group” was conducted in Nandgaon Khandeshwar and Bhatkuli talukas of Amravati district, from this talukas ten villages selected and from each village fifteen respondents were selected on the basis of Agriculture based self-help group, 150 respondents were purposively selected for study. Exploratory research design was used for the research study. It was noticed that, half of the respondents i.e. 58.67 per cent were in middle age group, 43.33 per cent respondents were educated upto junior college level, half 51.33 per cent of the respondents were having agriculture as a occupation, majority 64.00 per cent of the respondents had medium family size, majority 60.00 per cent of the respondents had medium family income, majority 68.67 per cent of the respondents had low experience in SHG, half 51.33 per cent of the respondents had low training received, majority 64.67 per cent of the respondents had medium extension contact, majority of the respondents i.e. 74.67 per cent had medium social participation and majority of the respondents i.e. 68.67 per cent were having medium achievement motivation. In the case of awareness about functioning of self-help group 80.00 per cent respondents having high level of awareness. The independent variables namely education, family size, extension contact and achievement motivation are positively significant with awareness about the functions of self-help group at 0.01 level of probability. Whereas the variables namely family income and training received are positively significant with awareness about the functions of self-help group at 0.05 level of probability. The variables namely family occupation and social participation are non-significantly correlated with awareness about the functions of self-help group. Whereas the variables namely age and experience in SHG are negatively significant with awareness about the functions of self-help group.