Osteoporosis and vitamin D deficiency are considered to be two of the major problems in old age and old age worldwide. Vitamin D deficiency is an important risk factor for osteoporosis, especially among elderly and old people, whose bone health is subject to age-related changes. Vitamin D plays a key role in the metabolism of calcium and phosphorus, promoting their absorption in the intestine and maintaining normal bone mineralization. In elderly people, vitamin D synthesis in the skin is significantly reduced due to aging and limited solar activity, which increases the deficiency of this vitamin. In addition, with age, the ability of the kidneys to activate vitamin D decreases, which further contributes to the weakening of bone tissue. The article provides a review of existing clinical data and scientific publications of local researchers in the Kyrgyz Republic and in the world, as well as an analysis of the prevalence and modern approaches to the treatment of osteoporosis and vitamin D deficiency in elderly and old patients. The findings confirm that vitamin D deficiency contributes to deterioration of bone density, increases the incidence of fractures, and aggravates symptoms of osteoporosis in elderly and older people. The conclusion highlights the importance of early diagnosis of vitamin D deficiency and the introduction of appropriate therapy to prevent osteoporosis and its complications. This study has practical significance for clinicians and specialists in this field, providing a scientific basis for the development of effective treatment and prevention strategies in the elderly population.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) can be considered either an independent disease or a component of metabolic syndrome, and it is associated with conditions such as diabetes, obesity, lipid metabolism disorders, and hypertension. NAFLD and atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases share common risk factors, including obesity, diabetes, and lipid metabolism disorders. Currently, the hypothesis that NAFLD is an independent cardiovascular risk factor is widely accepted, with this association influencing the onset or exacerbation of atherosclerotic processes. This has significant implications for the diagnosis and risk assessment of cardiovascular diseases in patients with NAFLD. The aim of the study is to analyze the role of NAFLD as a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases associated with metabolic dysfunction. The focus will be on common cardiovascular manifestations in patients with NAFLD to identify the relationships between metabolic disorders and the development of cardiovascular diseases. To achieve this goal, an analysis of sources from foreign and domestic literature on this issue was conducted, primarily from 1990 to 2023. The databases used include PubMed and E-library. The impact of NAFLD on cardiovascular diseases is attributed to chronic inflammation, cholesterol metabolism disorders, and endothelial dysfunction. Additionally, liver cirrhosis leads to alterations in blood pressure regulation, cardiac dysfunction, and hemodynamic disturbances. Liver pathology, as a significant factor in the development of cardiovascular diseases, requires a comprehensive approach to treatment. Atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases are also prevalent among patients with NAFLD due to shared risk factors. The higher prevalence of coronary artery calcification, hypertension, aortic valve sclerosis, diastolic dysfunction, atherosclerotic plaques, and increased intima-media thickness of the carotid arteries in patients with NAFLD compared to those without further supports this observation.

Higher medical education imposes high demands on students; therefore, attention must be paid to personality parameters that contribute to successful adaptation, among which emotional intelligence and level of aggression are important. Emotional intelligence positively affects the psychological state of students, reducing the manifestation of aggression. Materials and methods: The sample was made by 120 students of the medical faculty of the Kyrgyz-Russian Slavic University at the age of 18-20 years. For diagnostics of emotional intelligence, N. Hall's method was used, and L.G. Pochebuts questionnaire was applied to the assessment of aggressive behavior. Results. It is established that only 5.8% of respondents have a high level of emotional intelligence, and worst of all, such parties as management of one's own emotions, recognition of emotions of other people, and level of self-motivation are developed. Medical students most often exhibit high levels of physical, verbal, and self-aggression. Persons with a high level of general aggression have the lowest scores both on the initial level of emotional intelligence and on its individual scales: “self-motivation,” “empathy,” and “recognition of emotions of other people.” Correlation analysis revealed a statistically significant inverse association between the level of general aggression and empathy (r = -0.268). Conclusions. The results of the study indicate an insufficiently formed emotional intelligence and the need for its development among students of medical specialties as well as corrective measures with persons with a high level of aggression in order to increase their adaptive abilities.

Amid the persistent rise in global population, there has been a heightened focus on food security by academia, governmental initiatives, and international endeavors. Food security serves as a critical pillar in the national security framework, contributing to a nation’s sovereignty and self-sufficiency in food supply. To fulfill global requirements for essential food items, there is an imperative need to enhance agricultural efficiency across countries. Concurrently, agricultural practices must align with contemporary quality standards and meet consumer needs, drawing upon an integrated approach to crop cultivation technologies and yield classifications. Methodologies and tools for yield augmentation, grounded in scientific advancements in predictive modeling, are of paramount importance. Investigating the plethora of variables that contribute to optimal crop development, which in turn influences yield, poses significant challenges. Comprehensive inquiries that incorporate cutting-edge scientific and technological methodologies are essential for creating precise yield forecasts. The evolving landscape of yield modeling and prediction has emerged as a technologically sophisticated domain. Advanced methods such as machine learning and deep learning offer robust platforms for addressing crop yield forecasting, particularly when coupled with extensive datasets on environmental variables. A growing body of literature suggests the promising role of computational technologies and machine learning paradigms, inclusive of various forms of remote sensing data, in fine-tuning yield models. Yield prediction models are often characterized by intricate nonlinear equations influenced by a range of factors: seed quality and diversity, soil attributes, climatic variables, fertilizer usage, and other agronomic practices. The impacts of these variables on crop yield are varied, with some exerting greater influence than others. Additionally, crop yield is susceptible to adverse environmental and climatic conditions. While there exists a rich corpus of research on yield forecasting, addressing this issue remains an exigent priority in the agricultural sector.

Stigma related to mental illness (and its treatment) is prevalent worldwide. This stigma could be at the structural or organizational level, societal level (interpersonal stigma), and the individual level (internalized stigma). Vulnerable populations, for example, gender minorities, children, adolescents, and geriatric populations, are more prone to stigma. The magnitude of stigma and its negative influence is determined by socio-cultural factors and macro (mental health policies, programs) or micro-level factors (societal views, health sectors, or individuals' attitudes towards mentally ill persons). Mental health stigma is associated with more serious psychological problems among the victims, reduced access to mental health care, poor adherence to treatment, and unfavorable outcomes. Although various nationwide and well-established anti-stigma interventions/campaigns exist in high-income countries (HICs) with favorable outcomes, a comprehensive synthesis of literature from the Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs), more so from the Asian continent is lacking. The lack of such literature impedes growth in stigma-related research, including developing anti-stigma interventions. To synthesize the available mental health stigma literature from Asia and LMICs and compare them on the mental health stigma, anti-stigma interventions, and the effectiveness of such interventions from HICs. PubMed and Google Scholar databases were screened using the following search terms: stigma, prejudice, discrimination, stereotype, perceived stigma, associate stigma (for Stigma), mental health, mental illness, mental disorder psychiatric* (for mental health), and low-and-middle-income countries, LMICs, High-income countries, and Asia, South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation/SAARC (for countries of interest). Bibliographic and grey literature were also performed to obtain the relevant records. The anti-stigma interventions in Asia nations and LMICs are generalized (vs. disorder specific), population-based (vs. specific groups, such as patients, caregivers, and health professionals), mostly educative (vs. contact-based or attitude and behavioral-based programs), and lacking in long-term effectiveness data. Government, international/national bodies, professional organizations, and mental health professionals can play a crucial in addressing mental health stigma. There is a need for a multi-modal intervention and multi-sectoral coordination to mitigate the mental health stigma. Greater research (nationwide surveys, cultural determinants of stigma, culture-specific anti-stigma interventions) in this area is required.

The purpose of the article was to examine the role of information technologies in the formation of symbolic politics through the prism of mass media, communications and new Internet technologies. The methodological basis of the study is formed by legislation and historical literature, using dialectical and comparative methods, as well as general methods of scientific analysis. Symbolic politics is one of the mechanisms of information interaction between society and the political elite; in a new form, it allows solving social and socio-political problems. It has been established that full communication between the political elite and the population is impossible without elements of symbolic politics, such as public relations agencies, Internet blogs and social networks, etc., whose purpose is not only to form a positive image of politics and leaders, but also, it serves to establish an agreement of understanding in society. The authors conclude that new mechanisms of interaction between the elite and society, such as e-receptions, destination portals and digital government, lead to greater government transparency and increased efficiency of its activities.

Chest CT is widely regarded as a dependable imaging technique for detecting pneumonia in COVID-19 patients, but there is growing interest in microwave radiometry (MWR) of the lungs as a possible substitute for diagnosing lung involvement. The aim of this study is to examine the utility of the MWR approach as a screening tool for diagnosing pneumonia with complications in patients with COVID-19. Our study involved two groups of participants. The control group consisted of 50 individuals (24 male and 26 female) between the ages of 20 and 70 years who underwent clinical evaluations and had no known medical conditions. The main group included 142 participants (67 men and 75 women) between the ages of 20 and 87 years who were diagnosed with COVID-19 complicated by pneumonia and were admitted to the emergency department between June 2020 to June 2021. Skin and lung temperatures were measured at 14 points, including 2 additional reference points, using a previously established method. Lung temperature data were obtained with the MWR2020 (MMWR LTD, Edinburgh, UK). All participants underwent clinical evaluations, laboratory tests, chest CT scans, MWR of the lungs, and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing for SARS-CoV-2. The MWR exhibits a high predictive capacity as demonstrated by its sensitivity of 97.6% and specificity of 92.7%. MWR of the lungs can be a valuable substitute for chest CT in diagnosing pneumonia in patients with COVID-19, especially in situations where chest CT is unavailable or impractical.

Introduction. A solid pseudopapillary pancreatic tumor accounts for less than 3 % of all pancreatic tumors. It is more common in young women aged 20 to 30. The prognosis for this pathology is favorable. Complete removal of the tumor leads to full recovery in more than 85 % of patients. Materials and methods. The paper presents a clinical case which demonstrates the surgical outcome of a patient with a malignant pancreatic tumor. Patient M., female, born in 1998, underwent inpatient treatment at the I.K. Akhunbaev Clinic of National Hospital, Kyrgyzstan, from January 12, 2015 to January 26, 2015 with a clinical diagnosis — pancreatic head mass, which was found intraoperatively. Due to this, the decision was made to expand the scope of the surgery. Histopathological examination revealed a solid pseudopapillary tumor. Results and discussion. This tumor is extremely rare and is usually detected accidentally during preventive examinations, or when the tumor becomes large. Against the background of treatment, the dynamics of observation for 7 years revealed no signs of progression and relapse of this pathology. Conclusion. Solid pseudopapillary tumor is a rare, highly differentiated malignancy, which develops most oft en in young women. It is characterized by a relatively favorable clinical course, which is demonstrated by this case report.