This study assessed the prevalence and factors associated with intention to disclose medical errors by healthcare providers to patients in public health facilities in Mukono District, Uganda. We conducted an analytic cross-sectional study among healthcare providers across four public health facilities in Mukono District, Uganda. The outcome, Intention to disclose medical errors to patients, was defined as self-reported likelihood of informing a patient or their caregiver about a medical error if it had occurred, including the circumstances of error occurrence and any corrective actions taken. Data were collected using a self-administered structured questionnaire capturing factors at the individual and institutional levels. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors independently associated with intention to disclose medical errors, with adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) reported. We studied 166 healthcare providers, of whom 90 (54.2%) were aged ≥35 years and 95 (57.2%) were female. Overall, 74 (44.6%) participants reported an intention to disclose medical errors. After adjusting for potential confounders, nurses (aOR 0.09, 95% CI 0.02-0.37) and other cadres (aOR 0.09, 95% CI 0.02-0.47) had significantly lower odds of intention to disclose medical errors compared with medical doctors/physicians. In contrast, healthcare providers working in health facilities with supportive supervision had higher odds of intention to disclose medical errors than those without supportive supervision (aOR 3.32, 95% CI 1.37-8.06). Fewer than half of healthcare providers have the intention to disclose medical errors to patients, indicating a substantial gap from the ethical expectation of full transparency. Supportive supervision was associated with an increased likelihood of intention to disclose medical errors, while non-physician cadres were less likely to report intention to disclose medical errors compared to medical doctors. Interventions that strengthen supervision and empower all cadres through training and institutional support may enhance openness and accountability in healthcare practice.

The study investigates Ugandan secondary school teachers' knowledge and implementation of the Lower Secondary Competence-Based Curriculum, using a descriptive survey of 60 secondary school teachers, head teachers. Results demonstrated that most respondents (81.7%) knew about the CBC, mostly because of the Ministry of Education and Sports. Learner-centered teaching practices and competency-based assessment methodologies were well-known to the majority of teachers (95%) who had at least one CBC-related training. Despite this, difficulties like a lack of instructional resources (30.9%), poor training (30%), and time constraints were found to be major challenges for effective implementation. By promoting active and skill-oriented teaching, however, 90% of respondents agreed or strongly agreed that CBC improves learning outcomes. The study suggests that despite high awareness of CBC implementation in Uganda's lower secondary schools, successful implementation requires ongoing teacher professional development, improved access to resources, and robust administrative support.

Breast cancer remains the most common cancer among African women, contributing to high mortality largely due to late-stage diagnosis. More than 70% of cases in many African countries are detected at advanced stages, when treatment options are limited and survival rates are significantly reduced. Barriers such as limited access to screening, a shortage of radiologists, and socio-economic constraints further delay early detection. Artificial intelligence (AI)-based diagnostic tools offer an opportunity to strengthen screening systems and improve timely diagnosis; however, the lack of publicly available African mammography datasets remains a major challenge. This study introduces MAMMOAI, an AI-driven framework designed to enhance early breast cancer detection with potential applicability to African contexts. Due to the scarcity of large-scale annotated African mammography datasets a critical barrier identified in current literature we adopted a pragmatic approach combining a multi-task deep learning model integrating convolutional neural networks (CNN) with Transformer layers to perform simultaneous risk assessment, cancer detection, staging, risk factor analysis, and differential diagnosis using mammograms. The model was trained using the King AbdulAziz University Breast Cancer Mammogram Dataset (KAU-BCMD) from Saudi Arabia, supplemented with preliminary data collected from Kenyan healthcare facilities. This multi-regional approach was necessitated by insufficient African data volume for robust deep learning model training. The framework employs a multi-task learning approach that integrates a ResNet50–Transformer backbone for spatial feature extraction, feeding five specialized branches for risk assessment, cancer detection, staging, risk factor analysis, and differential diagnosis. All images underwent standardized preprocessing, including resizing to 224×224 pixels, normalization, contrast enhancement, and extensive data augmentation. Weighted categorical cross-entropy losses supported joint optimization across tasks. Model interpretability was ensured using Grad-CAM–based heatmaps and uncertainty estimation, and predictions were compiled into automated, clinician-friendly HTML reports. The model achieved overall accuracy of 98% on the majority class (BI-RADS 1), with macro-averaged F1-scores of 0.61-0.62 across all branches, reflecting challenges in detecting minority classes. Critically, the model failed to identify any BI-RADS 5 (highly malignant) cases, misclassifying all as BI-RADS 4. Grad-CAM visualizations provided interpretable insights, supporting clinical decision-making. While these results demonstrate technical feasibility and the potential of hybrid architectures, they also underscore critical limitations: severe class imbalance, inadequate minority class performance, and unproven generalizability to diverse African populations. Future work must prioritize collection of larger, balanced, multi-center African datasets and external validation across diverse Sub-Saharan African healthcare settings before clinical deployment can be considered.

ABSTRACTBio‐fortification is a strategy that has been proven to not only reduce the prevalence of micronutrient deficiencies, but also to tackle other forms of malnutrition. Therefore, the inclusion of flour from bio‐fortified crops as major components of composite flours can significantly alleviate malnutrition. In this study, the effect of replacing white maize with provitamin A bio‐fortified maize in a bean‐based composite flour was studied. Response surface methodology was used to optimize the nutrient composition and overall sensory acceptability of the composite flour. Design Expert 2018 (Version 12) was used to generate 30 treatments where provitamin A, iron, phytate concentration, and overall acceptability were considered as the response variables. Six locally available cereals and legumes were considered as independent variables and were included in the composite flour at different levels. Bio‐fortified maize was included at a level between 50% and 60%, high iron‐rich beans at 15%–20%, sesame at 5%–10%, soy at 10%–15%, wheat and sorghum at 5% each. An optimal formulation of the composite was achieved with 57.89% maize, 17.11% beans, 5% sesame flour, 10% soy bean flour, and 5% of each of the wheat and sorghum flour. The respective values for provitamin A, iron, phytate content, and overall acceptability for the optimal formulation were 1.58 μg/g RAE of beta carotene, 6.0 mg/100 g of iron, 54.20 mg/100 g of phytates, and overall acceptability at 7.10 respectively. All models predicting these values were satisfactory and had a nonsignificant lack of fit (p < 0.05). This indicated the suitability of each model in predicting the responses and optimizing the formulation for the production of a quality provitamin A maize‐iron bean‐based composite flour.

ABSTRACT This study investigated sources of nutrition information, attitudes, and nutrition knowledge towards the consumption of healthy foods among adolescents. A mixed cross-sectional study involving 1174 adolescents randomly chosen from all five public schools in Nansana Municipality was carried out. Information was gathered using a questionnaire and focus group discussions. From the findings, ‘television’ and ‘lessons taught in class’ were the most preferred sources of nutrition information, with percentage scores of 27.6% and 23.2%, respectively. Statistical analysis showed that adolescents with greater nutrition knowledge in themes: ‘nutrition and health outcomes’ and ‘nutrition function and sources’ significantly outperformed their peers on several items, for example, understanding the function of proteins (t = 4.67, p < .001, d = 0.26, 95% CI [0.14, 0.38]) and recognizing the cause of scurvy (t = 15.50, p < .001, d = 0.86, [0.74, 0.98]). A larger portion of participants exhibited negative attitudes towards healthy eating. These findings underscore the need for targeted interventions.

Globally, the ever-increasing numbers of teenage pregnancies reported is worrying, despite the commitment of the International Conference on Population and Development (ICPD) declaration, 1994. Behind these numbers, there are voluminous untold stories. This study documented vividly the lived experiences of teenage pregnant and breastfeeding mothers born during the Lord's Resistance Army LRA war in Acholi sub region that lasted for two decades (1986-2006). Qualitative cross-sectional case study design was used. Data was collected between January-March 2020. We interviewed 15 pregnant and lactating teenage mothers who were purposively selected. Data was collected using in-depth interviews (IDI) and analysed thematically using atlas ti version 5. The lived experiences prior to their pregnancy, characterized by orphan-hood, school drop out, single parenthood, lack of basic needs and large family size posed server hardships and were detrimental. Equally, their experiences during and after pregnancy was troublesome as close to 80% of the participants were sole parenting. Stigma, worries, limited baby care skills and inadequate basic needs all mirrored very gloomy lived experiences of the teenage pregnant and breastfeeding mothers. The hardship life experienced prior to the teenage pregnancy was so detrimental and as such greatly contributed to the teenage pregnancy and motherhood. These factors were largely caused by the two decades of the LRA war that weakened the family and societal fabrics. The study recommends promotion of sexuality education, mentorship and skills building for young parents (mothers).

Uganda, like many other nations, faces a double burden of communicable and non-communicable diseases due to the severe impacts of HIV, antiretroviral therapy, and the increasing number of HIV-positive individuals. To determine the factors that influence the quality of life among HIV patients with NCDs receiving antiretroviral therapy in Wakiso District, Uganda. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Wakiso, Uganda, among HIV patients with NCDs receiving antiretroviral therapy and drug refills from Community Drug Distribution Points (CDDP). 219 participants completed questionnaires between November 2019 and December 2020. The factors assessed as predictors included health promotion, community support system, patient monitoring, age, sex, education level, and marital status. The diagnosis of NCDs was based on documented evidence ofiabetes Mellitus (DM) and Hypertension (HT); fasting blood sugar >7.0 mmol/L (126 mg/dl) for DM, and blood pressure > 140/90mmhg for HT. Data analysis included descriptive statistics, path analysis, and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), which were used to verify and test the model. The research found that most HIV patients were female (61.6%), aged 40 or older (94.5%), with secondary school or less education (69.4%). 54.8% were single. Community-based NCD services, such as health promotion (β=0.58, P=0.006), community support system (β=0.24, p<0.001), and patient monitoring system (β=0.46, p<0.001), directly influenced the quality-of-life improvements, along with other factors like education level (β=0.76, p<0.001) and marital status (β=0.57, P=0.002). The quality of life for HIV-positive individuals with NCDs in Wakiso district requires strengthening community-integrated HIV-NCD interventions to improve the overall quality of life for these individuals.

Introdução: O parto humanizado respeita os processos fisiológicos e emocionais da mulher, assegura autonomia, reduz intervenções desnecessárias e promove um ambiente acolhedor para a parturiente. No puerpério, período de intensas mudanças físicas e emocionais, o suporte profissional e familiar é essencial para a recuperação saudável da mulher, prevenindo complicações como infecções e depressão pós-parto. Objetivo: Identificar, por meio da revisão bibliográfica, o impacto do parto humanizado na recuperação da mulher durante o puerpério e o papel do enfermeiro neste cenário. Metodologia: Trata se de uma pesquisa de revisão bibliográfica, descritiva, construída a partir de materiais publicados entre 2020 e 2025. Para seleção dos textos foi realizada uma busca online nas Base de Dados da BVS (Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde). Consideraram-se 11 publicações que atenderam a temática do estudo, publicadas na íntegra, com textos completos disponíveis, no idioma português. Os descritores investigados foram: parto humanizado, puerpério e mulher. Resultados e Discussões: Para apresentação dos resultados sobre o impacto do parto humanizado na recuperação da mulher no puerpério utilizou-se 04 categorias temáticas, sendo: (1) Benefícios do parto humanizado para a recuperação física da mulher no puerpério; (2) Impactos psicológicos e emocionais após o parto humanizado; (3) O papel do enfermeiro na assistência humanizada; (4) Satisfação materna como fator de qualidade da assistência de enfermagem. Considerações finais: O parto humanizado favorece a recuperação da mulher no puerpério, promovendo benefícios físicos e emocionais. Destaca-se o papel essencial do enfermeiro na garantia de um cuidado contínuo e humanizado. Reforça-se a importância da qualificação profissional, do acesso à informação e o fortalecimento de políticas públicas que priorizem a humanização do parto no SUS.