Данная статья посвящена исследованию структурных сдвигов в отраслевом аспекте, где проведен расчет по ряду параметров («Масса структурного сдвига», «Индекс структурного сдвига», «Скорость структурных сдвигов» и «Интенсивность структурных сдвигов»), позволяющих отразить степень изменений, произошедших в промышленности региона. В качестве показателей, на основе которых авторами рассчитаны вышеуказанные параметры, выбраны такие, динамика которых отражает наиболее важные трансформационные процессы, характерные для экономики региона. Цель работы – выявить существенные тенденции в развитии промышленного сектора региона за длительный период (19 лет) и представить количественную оценку произошедших структурных изменений на основе ряда ключевых показателей. Временной период исследования охватывает 2005–2023 гг. Гипотеза исследования – в промышленности региона за исследуемый период произошли существенные сдвиги, отражающие значительные изменения в их структуре. Ведущим методом является экономико- аналитический метод и дополняющие его методы динамики, табличной и графической визуализации. В качестве объекта исследования принята Свердловская область, расчет показателей также проведен и по Российской Федерации для отражения тенденций в промышленности по среднероссийским значениям и сопоставления их со значениями по Свердловской области. Проведенный анализ показал, что в регионе, имеющем индустриальную направленность отраслевой структуры, доля промышленности в экономике неуклонно снижается, что свидетельствует об изменении сложившейся структуры при увеличении значимости других видов экономической деятельности. Выявленные структурные сдвиги промышленного сектора региона достаточно существенны, а динамика структурных сдвигов и их интенсивность показывают нелинейность развития сдвигов в экономике региона.

ABSTRACT Using arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi in crop production for sustainable agriculture has attracted attention. The phosphorus (P) utilization efficiency of crops in Japan is approximately 20%, and the amount of P fertilizer applied is high. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of nursery inoculation with AM fungi on the yield response of Welsh onion (Allium fistulosum L.) and to determine the effect of environmental factors on the yield response to AM fungal inoculation. Superphosphate was applied at rates of 0(P0), 500(P500) or 1,000 (P1000) P2O5 kg ha−1) in 13 fields in Japan from 2015 to 2017, and A. fistulosum seedlings inoculated with or without Rhizophagus sp. strain R-10 were transplanted. Yield and soil chemical characteristics (pH, NH4-N, NO3-N, Truog-P, exchangeable Ca, Mg, K, and cation exchange capacity) were measured, and multiple regression analysis was performed. The relative field mycorrhizal dependency (RFMD) was 15%, and inoculation significantly increased the yield of Welsh onion. The RFMD was positively affected by year, pH, NH4-N, and exchangeable Ca, and negatively affected by Truog-P, exchangeable Mg and K. These results indicate that it may be possible to replace P fertilization with AM fungi in Welsh onion production, regardless of the amount of available P in the soil, and that NH4-N may be an indicator of the use of AM fungi.

Ethanol production by Saccharomyces cerevisiae is essential for the biofuel industry, but microbial contamination by Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) can significantly reduce yield and fermentation efficiency. This research aimed to identify Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) causing significant inhibition of Saccharomyces cerevisiae growth. LAB isolates were screened and identification was carried out by carbohydrate fermentation using the 50 CHL Analytical Profile Index (API) Kit, and the LAB isolates (MC2K1, MP2K1, and MP2K2) were identified as Lactobacillus rhamnosus and isolate MC2K2 as L. pentosus. The results demonstrated that bacteriocins did not significantly inhibit S. cerevisiae following heat treatment, indicating that metabolic byproducts, particularly lactic acid, were primarily responsible for yeast inhibition. Co-culture of LAB and S. cerevisiae supernatants was used to determine inhibition by metabolites produced by LAB. A higher inhibitory effect occurred in the supernatant from 48 hours of incubation with lower CFU results. The highest inhibition rate reached 42% in isolate MC2K1 and the incubation time of 6 hours with all isolates significantly inhibited the growth of S. cerevisiae. These findings challenge the prevailing assumption that bacteriocins are the primary inhibitors of yeast and highlight the importance of metabolic byproducts as dominant inhibitory factors. This insight contributes to developing targeted contamination control strategies, ultimately enhancing ethanol production efficiency.

The rapid growth of the global population is driving an increasing demand for fresh water, particularly for domestic, industrial, and agricultural use. As freshwater resources become scarcer, exploring alternative water sources for agriculture is imperative to ensure food security. Therefore, this research was conducted to determine whether diluted seawater would impact the growth and productivity of eggplant. The effects of irrigation water with five different salt levels—0, 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, and 2.0% %—were observed on eggplants (Calixto F1) that were grown in pots for three months. Response variables evaluated included plant height increment, leaf development, stem diameter increase, number of fruits harvested, and unit weight of fruits. The physicochemical properties of the irrigation water and growing media were also tested. The findings revealed that while the overall growth parameters were not significantly affected by the varying salt levels (p>0.05), a notable increase in fruit yield was observed at a 0.5% salinity level. This suggests that a minimal salt concentration in irrigation water can enhance eggplant productivity without compromising plant health. With these findings, this research presents an innovative approach to using diluted seawater as an irrigation strategy for eggplant cultivation. This approach offers a sustainable solution for agriculture in coastal and arid regions where freshwater is limited.

ABSTRACT As China’s New Rural Movement progresses, peri-urban villages in the Pearl River Delta, particularly in Guangzhou, have integrated rural supply and marketing cooperatives, establishing village-level community service centers. These centers are vital for public services and community activities, playing a key role in the region’s development. However, existing sustainability assessment tools are too complex and unclear for widespread use in rural China. This study aims to develop a more streamlined and applicable evaluation method based on shared characteristics of rural communities. Using structural equation modeling, the research examines four main factors in the built environment of these centers: spatial environmental quality, cultural perceptions, spatial efficiency, and spatial usage. Findings show that spatial usage has a direct and significant impact on community sustainability. The evaluation indicators of the built environment also correlate with sustainability outcomes in environmental, economic, social, and institutional dimensions. The study concludes that the built environment of these centers is a strong indicator of overall community sustainability. Beyond New Rural Construction areas, both the findings and methodological approach demonstrate generalizability to resource-constrained rural regions and areas experiencing rapid urbanization.

As part of a project to create a physical-geographical thematic scientific reference geomorphometric atlas of ice-free territories of Antarctica, we carried out geomorphometric modeling and mapping of the Bunger Oasis (Knox Coast, Wilkes Land, East Antarctica). As a result of processing of the Reference Elevation Model of Antarctica (REMA) fragment including the Bunger Oasis and adjacent glaciers, we for the first time created a series of medium- and large-scale maps of the most important morphometric variables (slope gradient, vertical curvature, horizontal curvature, maximal curvature, minimal curvature, catchment area, topographic wetness index, and stream power index). The obtained morphometric maps describe the topography of the Bunger Oasis in a rigorous, quantitative, and reproducible manner. These maps can be useful for geological, geomorphological, glaciological, soil, ecological, climatic, and hydrological studies of the Bunger Oasis

ABSTRACT Female football participation has grown exponentially. Unfortunately, females exhibit greater injury risk than male athletes, and experience increased mechanical stress during adolescence. Force plates provide accurate and reliable force-time characteristics enabling profiling of injury risk and benchmarking using a variety of jump and isometric tasks. The purpose of this study was to determine whether test-retest reliability and force-time characteristics of SLCMJ, bilateral countermovement jump (CMJ), countermovement rebound jump (CMJ-R) and isometric mid-thigh pull (IMTP) change with six weeks of SLCMJ training. Twenty-eight elite youth female footballers (13.7 ± 1.1 years, 53.27 ± 8.82 kg, 162.20 ± 5.37 cm) completed six weeks of SLCMJ as part of a routine strength and plyometric training program. SLCMJ training did not influence test-retest reliability and resulted in favourable adaptations indicated through small to large changes in force-time characteristics for SLCMJ. Significant (p < 0.05) yet trivial to small favourable changes were observed for the CMJ and CMJ-R, with small increases observed for IMTP. The results of this study demonstrate that six weeks of SLCMJ training does not influence phase-specific test-rest reliability (i.e. braking and propulsion) and causes weekly fluctuations in force-time characteristics leading to improvements in SLCMJ, CMJ, CMJ-R and IMTP. Practitioners can use such information to inform training design and monitor athlete performance.

Microalgae are photoautotrophic microorganisms that synthesize bioactive compounds, including antioxidant compounds. Exploratory research on microalgae with strong antioxidant capacity as free radical scavengers is interesting and important to do. This study aims to identify and evaluate the antioxidant capacity of microalgae. Water samples were diluted with multilevel dilution. Microalgae were isolated using the streak plate method, and four microalgae isolates were successfully cultivated in vitro. Identification was carried out by phylogenetic analysis based on 18S rRNA marker gene sequences, namely Chlorella vulgaris, Desmodesmus armatus, Dictyosphaerium ehrenbergianum, and Vitreochlamys incisa. Antioxidant capacity was evaluated using three methods, namely DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), ABTS (2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate)), and FRAP (Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power). IC50 as the concentration required to inhibit 50% of free radicals showed that methanol extract of C. vulgaris had a strong antioxidant capacity in the ABTS test with IC50 of 81.693 ppm and the highest in the DPPH test with IC50 of 297.451 ppm. In the FRAP test, the highest antioxidant capacity was in ethanol extract of D. ehrenbergianum isolate of 74.45 mg AAE/g. The D. armatus isolate had the lowest antioxidant capacity in the ABTS, DPPH, and FRAP tests.