Abstract
This paper deals with the problem of the voltage profile optimization in a distribution system including distributed energy resources. Adopting a centralized approach, the voltage optimization is a non-linear programming problem with large number of variables requiring a continuous remote monitoring and data transmission from/to loads and distributed energy resources. In this study, a recently-proposed Jacobian-based linear method is used to model the steady-state operation of the distribution network and to divide the network into voltage control zones so as to reformulate the centralized optimization as a quadratic programming of reduced dimension. New clustering methods for the voltage control zone definition are proposed to consider the dependence of the nodal voltages on both active and reactive powers. Zoning methodologies are firstly tested on a 24-nodes low voltage network and, then, applied to the voltage optimization problem with the aim of analyzing the impact of the R/X ratios on the zone evaluation and on the voltage optimization solution.
Highlights
In the normal operation of modern distribution systems, variations of active and reactive powers absorbed and/or injected by controllable loads, distributed generators (DGs), and energy storage systems (ESSs) as well as changes in network topology can cause violation of the nodal voltage limits, fixed to ±10% of the rated voltage of the grid.Presently, the utility-side voltage regulation cannot adequately respond to the voltage variations.the conventional Volt/Var control devices have slow response time and can negatively interfere with distributed energy resources (DERs) (i.e., DER configuration (DG), ESSs including electrical vehicles, and smart loads), deteriorating voltage regulation
In a radial distribution network with a DER connected at the k-th node, the square nodal voltage at the i-th node varies for the changes of both DER active and reactive power injections according to:
2018, 11, FORvoltage techniques toxthe optimization problem is investigated, with the aim to obtain a simplified representation of the LV network suitable for smart control of six DERs connected to the network, representation see Figure 2b. of the LV network suitable for smart control of six DERs connected to the network, see Figure 2b
Summary
In the normal operation of modern distribution systems, variations of active and reactive powers absorbed and/or injected by controllable loads, distributed generators (DGs), and energy storage systems (ESSs) as well as changes in network topology can cause violation of the nodal voltage limits, fixed to ±10% of the rated voltage of the grid. A central control unit, located at the substation level, firstly solves a system voltage optimization/control problem by receiving measurements from all the nodes of the network; it sends the optimal set-points back to the local controller of both DERs and conventional Volt/Var devices This approach yields the optimal solution but its implementation is very expensive requiring a large communication infrastructure with adequate bandwidth to exchange information quickly and accurately [5,6,7,8]. Referring to a 24-nodes distribution system, in Section 5 various network partitioning options are tested and, applied to the centralized voltage optimization problem
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