Abstract
Despite recent interest in using zebrafish in human disease studies, sparked by their economics, fecundity, easy handling, and homologies to humans, the electrophysiological tools or methods for zebrafish are still inaccessible. Although zebrafish exhibit more significant larval–adult duality than any other animal, most electrophysiological studies using zebrafish are biased by using larvae these days. The results of larval studies not only differ from those conducted with adults but also are unable to delicately manage electroencephalographic montages due to their small size. Hence, we enabled non-invasive long-term multichannel electroencephalographic recording on adult zebrafish using custom-designed electrodes and perfusion system. First, we exploited demonstration of long-term recording on pentylenetetrazole-induced seizure models, and the results were quantified. Second, we studied skin–electrode impedance, which is crucial to the quality of signals. Then, seizure propagations and gender differences in adult zebrafish were exhibited for the first time. Our results provide a new pathway for future neuroscience research using zebrafish by overcoming the challenges for aquatic organisms such as precision, serviceability, and continuous water seepage.
Highlights
After migraine headaches, seizures are the most common neurological disease, affecting 1–2% of the population worldwide[1,2]
Because electrophysiological tools are limited in zebrafish studies, most epilepsy studies using adult zebrafish focus on behavioural studies[18,26,27]
The goal of the present study is to introduce a long-term multichannel EEG recording technique on tiny aquatic animals based on a non-invasive method
Summary
Seizures are the most common neurological disease, affecting 1–2% of the population worldwide[1,2]. They lack some mammalian organs, meaning that they may react to drugs differently than mammals[10,11] Despite these limitations, zebrafish are still one of the best experimental organisms in neurological studies. Maintenance costs per day for D. rerio are less than $0.01, while Mus musculus costs $0.20, Canis familiaris costs $27.30, and Papio hamadryas costs $19.7515 Because of these advantages, zebrafish have been used in human disease studies, including haematological disorders, solid tumours, heart disorders, muscle disorders, Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea. Zebrafish show clear larval–adult duality, unlike other organisms, because the larvae have fewer organs and their neural and endocrine systems are underdeveloped[19,22,23,24], implying that some drugs may affect larvae and adult animals differently Other limitations are their tiny size and simple locomotor responses[25]. The need for electrophysiological studies on adult zebrafish was addressed in the past because the multichannel EEG of adult zebrafish is still largely unknown[27,28,29,30]
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