Z badań nad tzw. mątewskim komponentem kulturowym w kulturze pucharów lejkowatych na ziemi chełmińskiej

Abstract

The problems associated with Mątwy cultural component function in the Polish archaeological literature for over twenty years. Currently there is no coherent view on the issue of origin „storeaked-comb-shaped” ornamentation and its relationship with the Funnel Beaker culture. Further Funnel Beaker culture settlement were discovered during rescue excavations carried out in connection with the construction of the A1 motorway, at site 12 Szynych, Grudziadz district, site 13 Szynych, Grudziadz district and site 31 Lisewo, Chelmno district (fi g. 2, 3, 4; tab. 1). Results allow us to discuss the origin and chronology of Mątwy cultural component. In 1981 A. Kośko published his work about Mątwy cultural component group and he related it genesis with culture from „Black Sea steppe-subtaiga zone” (Kośko 1981, p. 5). Since that time a lot of polemical voices appeared in the literature. Some archaeologist undermine the relationships Mątwy cultural component with trypole culture (Jastrzebski 1984, pp. 176–184), others generally indicate origins of this type of material pointing with the influenced from the Subneolithic cultures, like from Narva culture (Kukawka 1984, pp. 7–10; 1989, pp. 3–27; 1991a; 1991b, pp. 139–161; 1997; 2001, pp. 75–83). In 2001 M. Daszkiewicz and D. Prinke suggested the possibility of separately treatment Mątwy cultural component and FBC (Daszkiewicz, Prinke 2001, pp. 121–129). According to the chronology of Funnel Beaker culture for Kujawy and the result of the analysis of pottery (tab. 3) from settlements: site 12 at Szynych (fig. 5–7) and site 31 at Lisewo (fig. 10–12) be associated with stage IIIA (periodization for Kujawy), which is 3900–3650 years cal. BC (3200–2900 conv. bc) (Kukawka 2001, p. 79). However settlement at site 13 at Szynych (fig. 8, 9) can be associated with phase IIB (periodization for Kujawy), or 4000–3750 years cal. BC (3300–3000 conv. bc) (tab. 2; Kukawka 2001, p. 79). Summarize represented settlements according to results of technological and stylistic analysis of pottery should be placed in stage IIB and IIIA of Funnel Beaker culture chronology. Existing concepts relating to the genesis and chronology of Mątwy cultural component are mutually exclusive. Analyzed settlements can be placed in each of the aforementioned hypotheses, only the concept of dating of emergence and development of Mątwy cultural component proposed by A. Kośko, which is indicating a delay Chelmno Land and Greater Poland in relations to Kujawy in this process, is necessary to be re-verified.