Abstract
Interaction with animals can be beneficial to humans and animal-assisted interventions (AAIs) are increasingly popular in a range of contexts. Dog training programs (DTPs) are the most popular form of AAI in custodial contexts; prisoners often have multiple needs and DTPs seem to facilitate a diverse range of positive outcomes, including improvements in well-being, behavior, and offending behavior. However, evidence on the efficacy of prison-based DTPs is still limited and these evaluations often lack detail or methodological rigor. We examined the experiences of male young offenders (N = 70) using thematic analysis of semi-structured interviews conducted following completion of a DTP. The themes that emerged indicated a broad range of inter-related experiences and positive outcomes. The most prevalent theme related to their experiences with Dogs (including feelings and attitudes), and there were perceived improvements categorized as: Positive Effects (including mood and well-being), Motivation, Charitable Purpose, Self-Efficacy, Improved Skills, Impulsivity, and Emotional Management. These themes mapped well onto outcomes previously identified in research on DTPs, and to the program’s core aims of improving behavior, educational engagement, employability, and well-being. The diversity and nature of these themes indicates that DTPs have considerable potential to engage and benefit those individuals with multiple needs, such as young offenders, and ultimately to achieve positive long-term outcomes with significant social, health, and economic impact.
Highlights
Interactions with animals are associated with a wide range of physical and psychological benefits for humans, and are effective in enhancing interpersonal communication and reducing stress and anxiety [1,2,3,4]
There is a diverse range of prison-based animal programs, dog training programs (DTPs) are considered effective and these have increased in popularity in recent years [9,10,11]
In terms of responses to specific interview questions, all participants gave positive responses when asked about their enjoyment of the DTP course, experiences with the dogs, and experiences working in a group
Summary
Interactions with animals are associated with a wide range of physical and psychological benefits for humans, and are effective in enhancing interpersonal communication and reducing stress and anxiety [1,2,3,4]. There is a diverse range of prison-based animal programs, dog training programs (DTPs) are considered effective and these have increased in popularity in recent years [9,10,11]. There is considerable variation in DTP programs between facilities but the most common types are a community service model, preparing rescue shelter dogs for rehoming, and a service animal model, providing socialization as preparation for advanced assistance. Public Health 2017, 14, 945; doi:10.3390/ijerph14080945 www.mdpi.com/journal/ijerph
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